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FUL.L. ANNALS 



REVOIilTTIOX IN FRAXCE, 

1830. 



TO WHICH IS ADDED, 

A FULL ACCOUNT 

OF THE 

CELEBRATION OF SAID REVOLUTION 

IN THE 

CITY OF NEW- YORK, 

ON THE 25th NOVEMBER, 1830: 

BEING THE FORTY-SEVENTH ANNIVERSARY OF AN EVENT THAT RESTORED 

OUR CITIZENS TO THEIR HOMES, AND TO THE ENJOYMENT 

OF THEIR RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES. 

BY MYER MOSES* 



NEW-YORK: 

PRINTED BY /. ^ J. HARPERy 82 CLIFF-STREET. 

SOLD BY COLLINS AND HANNAY, COLLINS AND CO., G. AND 0. AND H. CARVILL, O.A. 
ROORBACH, WHITE, GALLAHER, AND WHITE, A. T. GOODRICH, W. B. GILLKY, E. 
BLISS ; — PHILA.DKLPHIA, CAREY AND LEA, J. GRIGG, U. HUNT, TOWAR AND HOCAN, 
M'CARTY and DAVIS, E. L. CAREY AND A. HA.RT, J. CRISSBY, AND T. DKilLVER, JR.," 
— PTTTSBURO, HOGAS AND GO, 

1830. 



f)t%^yi 



t H' / ^ 



THE LIBRARY 
OF CONGRESS 

WASHINQTOX 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



The details in the ensuing sheets are derived, first, from 
articles in the Journals, usually called news, from corres- 
pondence with their editors, and from private letters 
communicated to them ; and, secondly, from unpublished 
letters and personal interviews with residents in Paris. 
Of course the authorities for both were eye-witnesses of 
the events. 

To discover the truth of the facts thus obtained was 
the first object ; the next was to place each fact under the 
day to w^hich it belongs : both these objects have beem 
accomplished, as far as they could be, under the circum- 
stances. 

These statements, day by day, presuming nothing ma- 
terial has been omitted, are full Annals of the French 
Revolution in 1830 ; from the issuing of the arbitrary or- 
dinances of Charles X. to his abdication and flight, and 
the enthronement of the Duke of Orleans, under the 
name and title of Louis Philippe I., King of the French. 

Several narratives of the battles of the brave people 
of Paris with the late king's army are introduced entire. 
One, by M. Leonard Gallois, has been purposely trans- 
lafed for this work. Another is an original Letter from 
an English gentleman, who, unable to speak French, went 
to Paris for a week's pleasure, and saw half of the Revo- 
lution without knowing that it was a Revolution, 

The principal documents of importance are inserted 
entire; particularly the ordinances of Charles X. — the 
protests against them-^-the Declaration of Rights pre- 
sented by the Chamber of Deputies to the Duke of Or- 
leans, as the conditions on which he was declared King 
of the French — the principal addresses, proclamations, 



4 ADVERTISEMENT, 

and orders of the day, of the Provisional Government — 
speeches in the ChambersT-ordinances of Louis Philippe 
I., &c. It has also been thought proper to insert the 
Declaration of Rights of the old National Assembly, as 
being the basis of the French Constitution of 1830, and 
the grand manifesto of French Principles. Added to 
these, and illustrative of proceedings in Paris, are the 
Marseillois Hymn — a popular Song by Mr. Roscoe, on 
the breaking out of the Revolution in 1789 — a poetical 
Address to France, by the late Mr. Edward Rushton, of 
Liverpool— and another poem or two. 

It will scarcely be expected that any one but a person 
locally acquainted with Paris, and a witness of the san- 
guinary engagements, could describe the different con- 
flicts or the capture of the palaces and pubhc buildings 
with entire clearness. The materials have been abun- 
dant, but very confused ; some of the statements were 
contradictory, and others upon examination proved un- 
true. So far as truth could be ascertained, it has been 
adhered to as a governing rule in compiling from such a 
multifarious mass— the chief endeavour has been to give 
the greatest number of authentic and interesting facts 
that could be collected. 

W. Hone. 



FULL ANNALS 

OF THE 

REVOLUTION IN FRANCJE, 

1830. 



There have been frequent anticipations of a sudden termi- 
nation to the power of Charles X. One, so long ago as 1 827, 
in Rambling Notes on a Visit to Paris, by Sir A, B, Faulkner^ 
when Peyronnet was trying experiments for shackling the 
press^ is remarkably prophetical. This gentleman then^aid; — 

" The present project of M. Peyronnet, to restrain the li- 
berty of the press, has lent no small force to the jealousy of 
the present Government, and, considering the awful experi- 
ence they had in former times, seems a most unaccountable 
temerity. If it were merely one or two acts of an arbitrary 
nature they were trying to carry, they might be overlooked, or 
at least have the benefit of some equivocal interpretation ; but 
when a number of convergent measures are attempted at the 
same time, the tendency of which is alike hostile to the spirit of 
the Charter and the wishes of the people, surely little farther proof 
is necessary to convince them of the animus that presides in the 
councils of the nation. But, after all, it is only themselves the 
people have to thank for the wfiole. They committed a sad 
oversight at the restoration. Before they allowed Louis 
XVIII. to put one of his gouty feet on the beach at Calais they 
should have presented him, as we did in a similar conjuncture, 
with a bill of right, as a positive and peremptory condition of 
his being accepted for their Sovereign.. 

" From all I hear, I argue nothing but mischief, should M. 
Peyronnet's project for trammelling the press be suffered to 
pass. If public opinion has not vent through this channel, it 
must sooner or later find another, and one probably the Go- 
vernment may like as little. True it is, that, before the revo- 
lution, the nation long and patiently endured the agonies of 
suppressed opinion ; but let us bear in mind how long they had 
been strangers to any thing like freedom. The experiment of 

B 



ANNALS OF THE 



open, manful remonstrance, would have been a fearful venture, 
while a lettre de cachet hung over their heads, and they were 
ignorant or distrustful of their strength. The insane abettors 
of this Bill appear to have forgotten that they live in the nine- 
teenth not the sixteenth century : the benefit of all history is 
throtvn away upon them. It is thrown away upon them that 
England has experimentally proved that the liberty of the press 
is the best bulwark of our religion and Constitution, by en- 
lightening men to appreciate the value of both. It is lost upon 
them, too, that there is no possible mode qf getting at an ac- 
quaintance with the true interest qf the governed^ but through 
the free publication of opinion; or, if they do know these 
things, they force us into the conclusion that the object is in 
reality not the suppression of the licentiousness of the press, 
as they would have it believed, but a step towards the restora- 
tion of absolute Government. A Frenchman asked me, to- 
day, why there should not be a check upon aristocratic licen- 
tiousness as well as popular licentiousness. * Human nature 
being the same in both, is there,' said he, ' any good reason 
why there should not be a mutual guarantee for the good be- 
haviour of both ? The history of your own country is a preg- 
nant proof of the attachment which a free press begets for a 
free Constitution, which you know, spite of the most frightful 
commotions and rudest shocks, alwa)^s righted again mainly, if 
not solely, through its instrumentality.' So fully do I coincide 
with this view of the subject, that I am convinced, if her na- 
vigators do not look sharps the French vessel of State will soon 
be on her beam endsr. It is said, au pis aller^ if the Minister 
cannot manage to carry his project by any other means, fair or 
foul, he has advised the king to create sixty new Peers. Bet- 
ter — or I am far astray in ray French Politics — better, Charles 
X., you had never left your pension in Holy rood House. 

'' The common opinion about the Press Restriction Bill is, 
that it must eventually pass into law. It will behoove its authors 
and abettors to be aware. The steam of public opinion is at 
present under high pressure, and it is doubtful whether it will 
bear much increase. 

" The King is never mentioned but in connexion with an 
incubus of Jesuits, by whom, they say, he is perpetually and 
most unmercifully bestrode. There certainly appears to be 
no occasion that their bitterest enemy should desire the Royal 
Family any greater humiliation than they at present may be 
supposed to endure from the state of popular feeling. Never, 
perhaps, did Royalty repose on any thing more the reverse of 



KEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 7 

a bed of roses. If hearsay and appearances may be trusted, 
they live literally as exiles among their own people, without 
one soul that 1 could discover to sympathize with this most 
unnatural sequestration. In such circumstances, to render 
misery complete, I can conceive nothing wanting except that, 
while not receiving sympathy, we should be conscious of not 
deserving it." 

What a picture ! — Charles X. and the Polignac Administra- 
tion, in 1830, realized the anticipations of a common-sense 
English gentleman in 1827. 

Before detailing the events of the revolution in France, in 
1830, it is necessary to state a few previous circumstances. 

In March, 1814, the allied armies invested Paris, and Louis 
XVIII. then prepared to leave England, in order to occupy the 
throne of France. The count d'Artois (afterward Charles 
X.) left Switzerland on the 19th of March, entered Vesoul on 
the 22d, and, on setting his foot on the French territories, 
exclaimed, *^At length I see my native country again — that 
country which my ancestors governed in mildness /—I will 
never quit it again !" 

In that little speech he made a capital mistake ; his ances- 
tors had not governed France "in mildness." His persevering 
in that mistake, by endeavouring to govern like them, by ordi- 
nances, occasioned another mistake ; he has quitted France 
again. 

Charles X. broke the charter. A few sentences will show 
the origin of that charter. 

On the 30th of March, Paris was surrounded by the cannOn 
and armies of the allied sovereigns. They desired to enter 
the capital without difficulty, and prince Schwartzenberg, as 
their representative, issued a proclamation to the inhabitants of 
Paris, stating that the allied armies were before the city, with 
the hope of a sincere and lasting reconciliation with France ; 
and that the allied sovereigns *' sought in good faith a salutary 
authority in France," and looked to the city of Paris ^' to ac- 
celerate the peace of the world." 

On the same day, the emperor of Russia, by a declaration 
on behalf of himself and the other allied sovereigns, *' invited 
the senate to .name immediately a provisional srovernment able 
to provide for the wants of the administration," and prepare a 
constitution suitable to the French people. 

On the 31st of March, the senate decreed that the pro- 
visional government should consist of five members, and pro- 
ceeded to nominate them, viz. M. Talleyrand, Prince of Bene- 



3 ANNALS OF THE 

vento, Vice Grand Elector ; Count du BonnonveOe, Senator,' 
Count de Jancour, Senator: Duke d'Auberg, Counsellor of 
State ; M. de Montesquieu, ancient member of the Constitu- 
tional Assembly. 

In a second sitting the senate declared that the Dynasty of 
Napoleon was at an end, that the French were absolved from 
their oath of allegiance to him, and that the senate and legis- 
lative bodies should form fundamental parts of the new con« 
stitution. In consequence of that declaration the emperor 
Alexander declared, ^^ I leave the choice of the monarch and 
government entirely to the French people.'* 

On the 3d of April the senate entered on its register that 
" a constitutional monarchy is, in virtue of the constitution, a 
social compact ;" and that, as Napoleon had violated his legal 
powers, he had forfeited the throne and the hereditary right 
established in his family. One of their principal allegations 
against Napoleon was " that the liberty of the press, esta- 
blished and consecrated as one of the rights of the nation, had 
been constantly subjected to the arbitrary control of his Po- 
lice ; and that at the same time he had always made use of 
the press to fill France with misrepresentations, false maxims,, 
and doctrines favourable to despotism." 

On the 6th of April, the conservative senate decreed the 
form of a constitution, by which constitution Louis XVIII. 
was called to the throne of France, and which constitution 
contains this remarkable article : — " 23. The liberty of the 
press is entire, with the exception of the legal repression of 
offences which may result from the abuse of that liberty." 

On the 14th of April, the senate decreed as follows : — "The 
senate offers the provisional government of France to his royal 
highness Monseigneur Count d'Artois, under the title of Lieu- 
tenant-General of the kingdom, until Louis Stanislaus Xavier 
of France, called to the throne of the French, has accepted 
the Constitutional Charter." The Count d'Artois replied,. 
*^ Gentlemen, I have taken cognizance of ihe Constitutional 
Charter, which recalls to the throne of France my august 
brother. I have not received from him the power to accept 
the Constitution, but I know bis sentiments and principles, and 
I do not fear being disavowed when I assure you in his name 
he will admit the basis of it." 

The French determined not to send over the Constitution 
to be presented to Louis XVIII. for his acceptance in this 
country, lest from his being resident at the court of one of the 
allied sovereigns it might be supposed he had accepted it under 



REVOLUTION IN FINANCE, 1830. 9 

influence. This, they expressly declared, " they considered as 
due to his honour, as well as to their own independence — be* 
cause they tendered him the crown upon conditions." 

Louis XVIII. landed at Calais. By not obtaining his ac- 
ceptance of their Constitution before they permitted him to 
set his foot on the soil of France, the French committed a 
great blunder. 

When Louis XVIII. reached St. Ouen, he published a de- 
claration, on the 2d of May, setting forth that he had atten- 
tively read the ^yplan of the Constitution proposed by the 
Senate/' but that a great many articles bore the appearance 
of precipitation. 

In this dechwation, and in the King's position, there was 
enough to alarm the vigilant. Under the protection of foreign 
bayonets, he reserved to himself the power of rejecting what- 
ever he disliked. 

Louis XVIII. found himself constituted king of France, in 
the palace of the Tuileries, and was in no hurry to settle the 
affair of the Constitution ; but the people clamoured against the 
delay, and at length he issued a manitesto, which contains the 
following sentence — that ''Resolved to adopt a liberal Consti- 
tution, willing that it be wisely combined, and not being able 
to accept one that it is indispensable to rectify, we call to- 
gether, on the 10th of June, the Senate and the Legislative 
body — we engage to place under their eyes the pains which 
we have taken with a commission chosen out of these two 
bodies, and to give for the basis of that constitution the fol- 
lowing guarantees." 

On the 10th of June, the Senate and the Legislative body 
met, and the people were swindled. By the Constitution they 
proposed to Louis XVI IL he had ascended the throne,— ^as 
soon as he found himself upon it, he threw away the ladder. 

By the Constitution, Louis XVIII. would have acknow- 
ledged himself called to the throne by the choice of the French 
people. Instead of this, he gave them what he called a Char- 
ter, beginning — '^ Louis, by the Grace of God^ King, &c. — 
Whereas Divine Promdence in calling us, &c. — ^A Constitu- 
tional Charter was solicited — and we have, in the free exercise 
of our royal authority, agreed and consented to make conces- 
sions, and grant to our subjects, &c." In short. Divine right 
was all in all, and over all. The King would not accept a 
Constitution ; for that would have implied acknowledgment 
of power to propose it for acceptance. Instead of it, ''in free 

B2 



to ANNALS OF THE 

exercise of his royal authority," he badged the people as bis 
hereditary property — he gave them a Charter. 

The people gradually became reconcile*!, and Louis XVllI. 
maintained his position on the throne with considerable firm- 
ness. On any miriisteriar attempt at encroachment they re- 
ferred to the Charter, which? though originating in a despotic 
principle, was a benefit. 

Louis XVIir., on his death-bed, used to his successor 
Charles X. these memorable words, '^ Govern legally." 

On Charles X. good advice was lost. In the hands of a 
host of priests and Jesuits he thought himself religious — he 
was only superstitious. In his conduct towards the people he 
seemed without a moral sense. The rights of kings and the 
*' mild" rule of his ancestors were ever before him. His hal- 
lucination was without intervals. Nothing was to be yielded 
to the people ; for nothing belonged to them — not even the 
Charter. To strengthen himself in the Chamber of Peers, he 
increased it by creations. To weaken the people he invaded 
the elective franchise, and shackled the press. 

In 1830, the Chamber of Deputies resisted the arbitrary 
measures of the ministers, and Charles X. dissolved the sittings 
of the Chambers. At a new election, the electors generally 
returned the old liberal Deputies, and some electors, who had 
sent ministerial Deputies before, now returned Deputies whom 
they could depend on for the protection of rights under the 
Charter, which had been threatened with violation. The King 
had frequently changed his ministers; he had now an adminis- 
tration to his liking and fitted for his purposes. 

Prince Polignac, a natural son of Charles X., and Pey- 
ronnet, a man as depraved in private as he is unprincipled in 
public life, were the leaders of the administration devoted to 
the king's designs. Every man in France knew it was impos- 
sible that the government could go on unless the king would 
'^ govern legally." He resolved, with the aid of his ministers, 
to govern as he would. A few days before he signed the ordi- 
nances of the 25th of July, it was whispered that the court had 
determined to strike a bjow, by licensing only what Journals 
it pleased, and putting the rest under a censorship — by opening 
the Chambers with a selection only, from the newly elected 
Deputies, in the Chamber of Deputies — and by disfranchising 
a majority of the very small number of persons qualified, under 
the Charter, to be elected : this it was said would be efiected 
by a stroke of the pen. The rumour died away under the 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 11 

assurances of Polignac that no such measures were contem- 
plated. 

At this time Mr. Vesey Fitzgerald was in Paris, and had in- 
timation of what Charles X. and his ministers intended, from 
unquestionable authority. He went to Prince Polignac, and 
by strong representations and earnest entreaties endeavoured 
to dissuade him from his headstrong purposes. Polignac was 
inflexible. Mr. Fitzgerald then addressed himself to two or 
three private friends and political coadjutors of the minister ; 
they concurred in Mr. Fitzgerald's views, and hastened in 
alarm to Polignac, but found him confident of success and 
deaf to argument. In the dead of night, within a few hours 
of the signing of the ordinances, one of the ministers who 
afterward signed them, was unable to rest from anxiety and 
incertitude as to the event ; he arose and disturbed Polignac, 
for the purpose of persuading him to abandon the design : — 
the minister was determined to persist, and, from a feeling of 
honour, his baffled visiter shared the danger of the desperate 
deed. 



SUNDAY, JULY ?5th, 1830. 

Prince Polignac and his colleagues drew up and signed a 
Report on behalf of " legitimate power," addressed to the 
King. This formed the groundwork of three memorable 
ordinances which were signed to-day by Charles X., and 
countersigned by his ministers. Copies of these documents, 
so important in their results, are subjoined. 

REPORT OF THE MINISTERS TO THE KING. 

"Sire, 

*^ Your ministers would be little worthy of the confidence 
with which your Majesty honours them, if they longer delayed 
to place before your eyes a view of our internal situation, and 
to point out to your high wisdom the dangers of the periodical 
press. 

'* At no time for these fifteen years has this situation pre- 
sented itself under a more serious and more afflicting aspect. 
Notwithstanding an actual prosperity of which our annals 
afford, no example, signs of disorganization and symptoms of 



12 ANNALS OF THE 

anarchy manifest themselves at almost every point of the 
kingdom. 

*^ The successive causes which have concurred to weaken 
the springs of the monarchical government tend now to impair 
and to change the nature of it. Stripped of its moral force, 
authority, lost in the capital and the provinces, no longer con- 
tends, but at a disadvantage, with the factious. Pernicious 
and subversive doctrines, loudly professed, are spread and pro- 
pagated among all classes of the population. Alarms, too 
generally credited, agitate people's minds, and trouble society. 
On all sides the present is called upon for pledges of security 
for the future. 

" An active, ardent, indefatigable malevolence labours to 
ruin all the foundations of order, and to snatch from France 
the happiness it enjoys under the sceptre of its Kings. Skil- 
ful in turning to advantage all discontents, and exciting all 
hatreds, it foments among the people a spirit of distrust and 
hostility towards power, and endeavours to sow every where 
the seeds of trouble and civil war ; and already, Sire, recent 
events have proved that political passions, hitherto confined 
to the summits of society, begin to penetrate the depths of it, 
and to stir up the popular classes. It is proved also that 
these masses would never move without danger, even to those 
who endeavoured to rouse them from repose. 

" A multitude of facts, collected in the course of the elec- 
toral operations, confirm these data, and would offer us the 
too certain presage of new commotions, if it were not in the 
power of your majesty to avert the misfortune. 

'' Every where also, if we observe with attention, there ex- 
ists a necessity of order, of strength, and of duration ; and 
the agitations which appear to be the most contrary to it are 
in reality only the expression and the testimony of it. 

" It must be acknowledged these agitations, which cannot 
be increased without great dangers, are almost exclusively 
produced and excited by the liberty of the press. A law on 
the elections, no less fruitful of disorders, has doubtless con- 
curred in maintaining them ; but it would be denying what is 
evident, to refuse seeing in the journals the principal .focus of 
a corruption the progress of which is every day more sensible, 
and the first source of the calamities which threaten the 
kingdom. 

" Experience, Sire, speaks more loudly than theories. Men 
who are doubtless enlightened, and whose good faith is not 
suspected, led away by the ill-understood example of a neigh- 



BEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. IS 

bouring people, may have believed that the advantages of the 
periodical press would balance its inconveniences, and that its 
excesses would be neutralized by contrary excesses. It is not 
so : the proof is decisive, and the question is now judged in the 
public mind. 

" At all times, in fact, the periodical press has been, and it 
is in its nature to be, only an instrument of disorder and se- 
dition. 

^^ What numerous and irrefragable proofs might be brought 
in support of this truth ! It is by the violent and incessant 
action of the press that the too sudden and too frequent va- 
riations of our internal policy are to be explained. It has not 
permitted a regular and stable system of government to be 
established in France, nor any constant attention to be devoted 
to introduce into all the branches of the administration the 
ameliorations of which they are susceptible. All the minis- 
tries since 1014, though formed under divers influences, and 
subject to opposite directions, have been exposed to the 
same attacks and to the same license of the passions. Sacri- 
fices of every kind, concessions of power, alliances of party, 
nothing has been able to save them from this common destiny. 

*' This comparison alone, so fertile in reflections, would 
suffice to assign to the press its true, its invariable character. 
It endeavours, by constant, persevering, daily-repeated efforts, 
to relax all the bonds of obedience and subordination, to 
weaken all the springs of public authority, to degrade and de- 
base it in the opinion of the people, to create against it every 
"Vi'her^ embarrassment and resistance. 

** Its art consists not in substituting for a too easy submis- 
sion of mind a prudent liberty of examination, but in reducing 
to a problem the most positive truths ; not in exciting upon 
political questions frank and useful controversy, but in placing 
them in a false light, and solving them by sophisms. 

*' The press has thus excited confusion in the most upright 
minds, — has shaken the most firm convictiofis, and produced, 
in the midst of society, a confusion of principles which lends 
itself to the most fatal attempts. J t is by anarchy in doctrines 
that it paves the way for anarchy in the state, it is worthy of 
remark, Sire, that the periodical press has not even fulfilled its 
most essential condition, — that of publicity. What is strange, 
but what may be said with truth, is, that there is no publicity 
in France, taking this word in its just and strict sense. In 
this state of things, facts, when they are not entirely fictitious, 
do not come to the knowledge of several millions of readers, 



14 ANNALS OF THE 

except mutilated and disfigured in the most odious manner. 
A thick cloud, raised by the journals, conceals the truth, and 
in some manner intercepts the light between the government 
and the people. The kings, your predecessors, Sire, always 
loved to communicate with their subjects : this is a satisfaction 
which the press has not thought iit that your majesty should 
enjoy. 

^' A licentiousness which has passed all bounds has, in fact, 
not respected, even on the most solemn occasions, either the 
express will of the King or the words pronounced from the 
throne. Some have been misunderstood and misinterpreted ; 
the others have been the subject of perfidious commentaries, 
or of bitter derision. It is thus that the last act of the royal 
power — the proclamation— was discredited by the public even 
before it was known by the electors. 

'' This is not all. The press tends to no less than to subju- 
gate the sovereignty, and to invade the powers of the state. 
The pretended organ of public opinion, it aspires to direct the 
debates of the two Chambers ; it is incontestable that it brings 
into them the weight of an influence no less fatal than deci- 
sive. This domination has assumed, especially within these 
two or three years, in the Chamber of Deputies, a manifest 
character of oppression and tyranny. We have seen in this 
interval of time the journals pursue with their insults and their 
outrages the members whose votes appeared to them uncertain 
or suspected. Too often, Sire, the freedom of debate i^ that 
Chamber has sunk under the reiterated blows of the press. 

" The conduct of the opposition journals in the most recent 
circumstances cannot be characterized in terms less severe. 
After having themselves called forth an address derogatory 
to the prerogatives of the Throne, they have not feared to re- 
establish as a principle the election of the 221 Deputies whose 
work it is ; and yet your Majesty repulsed the address as 
offensive ; you had publicly planned the refusal of concur- 
rence which was expressed in it ; you had announced your 
immutable resolution to defend the rights of your crown, which 
were so openly compromised. The periodical journals hare 
paid no regard to this : on the contrary, they have taken it 
upon them to renew, to perpetuate, and to aggravate the of' 
fence. Your Majesty will decide whether this presumptuous 
attack shall remain longer unpunished. 

" But of all the excesses of the press, the most serious per- 
haps remains to be pointed out. From the very beginning of 
that expedition, the glory of which throws so pure and so 



EEVOLTJTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 15 

durable a splendour on the noble crown of France, the press 
has criticised with unheard-of violence the causes, the means, 
the preparations, the chances of success. Insensible to the 
national honour, it was not its fault if our flag did not remain 
degraded by the insults of a barbarian. Indifferent to the 
great interests of humanity, it has not been its fault if Europe 
has not remained subject to a cruel slavery and a shameful 
tribute. 

'' This was not enough. By a treachery which our laws 
might have reached, the press has eagerly pubHshed all the 
secrets of the armament ; brought to the knowledge of foreign- 
ers the state of our forces, the number of our troops, and that 
of our ships ; they pointed out their stations, the means to be 
employed to surmount the variableness of the winds, and to 
approach the coast. Ev^ry thing, even the place of landing, 
was divulged, as if to give the enemy more certain means of 
defence; and, a thing unheard-of among civilized people, the 
press has not hesitated, by-false alarms on the dangers to be 
incurred, to cause discouragement in the army, and, pointing 
out to its hatred the commander of the enterprise, it has, as it 
were, excited the soldiers to raise against him the standard of 
revolt, or to desert their colours. This is what the organs of 
a party which pretends to be national have dared to do. 

" What it dares to do every day in the interior of the king- 
dom tends to no less than to disperse the elements of public 
peace, to dissolve the bands of society, and evidently to make 
the ground tremble under our feet. Let us not fear to dis- 
close here the whole extent of our evils, in order the better to 
appreciate the whole extent of our resources. A system of 
defamation, organized on a great scale, and directed with un- 
equalled perseverance, reaches, either near at hand or at a 
distance, the most humble of the agents of the government. 
None of your subjects. Sire, is secure from an insult, if he re- 
ceives from his sovereign the least mark of confidence or sa- 
tisfaction. A vast net thrown over France envelopes all the 
pubhc functionaries. Placed in a constant state of accusation, 
they seem to be in a manner cut off from civil society ; only 
those ai^e spared whose fidelity wavers — only those are praised 
whose fidelity gives way ; the others are marked by the faction 
|to be in the sequel, without doubt, sacrificed to popular ven- 
geance. 

" The periodical press has not displayed less ardour in pur- 
suing, with its poisoned darts, religion and its priests. Its ob- 
ject is, and always will be, to root out of the heart of the peo- 



16 ANNALS OF THB 

pie even the last germ of religious sentiments. Sire, do not 
doubt that it will succeed in this, by attacking the foundations 
of the press, by poisoning the sources of public morals, and by 
covering the ministers of the altars with derision and contempt. 

*' No strength, it must be confessed, is able to resist a dis- 
solving power so active ; as the press at all times, where it has 
been freed from its fetters, has made an irruption and invasion 
in the state. One cannot but be singularly struck with the si- 
militude of its effects during these last fifteen years, notwith- 
standing circumstances, and notwithstanding the changes of the 
men who have figured on the political stage. Its destiny, in a 
word, is to recommence the i evolution, the principles of which 
it loudly proclaims. Placed and replaced at various intervals 
under the yoke of the censorship, it has always resumed its 
liberty only to recommence its interrupted work. In order to 
continue it with the more success, it has found an active aux- 
iliary in the departmental press, which, engaging in combat local 
jealousies and hatreds, striking terror into the minds of timid 
men, harassing authority by endless intrigues, has exercised a 
decisive influence on the elections. 

" These last effects. Sire, are transitory ; but effects more 
durable are observed in the manners and in the character of the 
nation. An ardent, lying, and passionate spirit of contention, 
the schools of scandal and licentiousness, has produced in it 
important changes, and profound alterations : it gives a false 
direction to people's minds ; it fills them with prejudices — di- 
verts them from serious studies — retards them in the progress 
of the sciences and the arts — excites among us a fermentation, 
which is constantly increasing — ^raaintains, even in the bosom 
of our families, fatal dissensions — and might, by degrees, throw 
us back into barbarism. 

'^ Against so many evils, engendered by the periodical press, 
the law and justice are equally obliged to confess their want of 
power. It would be superfluous to inquire into the causes 
which have weakened the power of repression, and have insen- 
sibly made it an ineffectual weapon in the hands of the autho- 
rities. It is sufiicient to appeal to experience, and to show 
the present state of things. 

*' Judicial forms do not easily lend themselves to an effectual 
repression. This truth has long since struck reflecting minds ; 
it has lately become still more evident. To satisfy the wants 
which caused its institution, the repression ought to be prompt 
and strong ; it has been slow, weak, and almost null. When 
it interferes, the mischief is already done, and the punishment 
far from repairing it, only adds the scandal of discussion. 



REVOLirriON IN FKATsCE, 1830. 1^ 

"^ The judicial prosecution is wearied out, but the seditious 
press is never weary. The one sto{)s because there is too 
much to prosecute ; the other multiplies its strenoth by multi- 
plying its transgressions. In these diverse circumstances the 
prosecutions have had their appearances of activity or of relax- 
ation* But what does the press care for zeal or lukewarmness 
in the public prosecutor ? It seeks in multiplying its offences 
the certainty of their impunity. 

" The insufficiency, or even the inutility, of the institutions 
established in the laws now in force, is demonstrated by facts. 
It is equally proved by facts that the public safety is endangered 
by the licentiousness of the press. It is time, it is more than 
time, to arrest its ravages. 

" Give ear, Sire, to the prolonged cry of indignation and of 
terror which rises from all points of your kingdom. All peace- 
able men, the upright, the friends of order, stretch to your ma- 
jesty their suppliant hands. All implore you to preserve them 
from the return of the calamities by which their fathers or 
themselves have been so severely afflicted. These alarms are 
too real not to be listened to — these wishes are' too legitimate 
not to be regarded. 

'' There is but one means to satisfy them : it is to return to 
the Charter (rentrer dans la Charte), 

"^ If the terms of the 8th article are ambiguous, its spirit is 
manifest. It is certain that the Charter has not given the 
liberty of the journals and of periodical writings. The right of 
publishing one's personal opinions certainly does not imply the 
right of publishing the opinions of others. The one is the use 
of a faculty which the law miglit leave free or subject to re- 
strictions : the other is a commercial speculation, which, like 
others, and more than othex's, supposes the superintendence of 
the public authority. 

*^ The intentions of the Charter on this subject are accu- 
rately explained in the law of the 21st of October, 1814, which 
is in some measure the appendix to it : this is the less doubt- 
ful, as this law was presented to the Chambers on the 5th of 
July ; that is to say, one month after the promulgation of 
the Charter. In 1819, at the time when a contrary system 
prevailed in the Chambers, it was openly proclaimed, that the 
periodical press was not gfoverned by the enactments of the 8th 
article. This truth is, besides, attested by the very laws which 
have imposed upon the journals the condition of giving seeu- 
rities. 

" Now, Sire, nothing remains but to inquire how this return 

C 



lo ANNALS OF THE 

to the Charter, and to the law of the 21st of October, 1814, 
is to be effected. The gravity of the present juncture has 
solved this question. 

" We must not deceive ourselves ; we are no longer in the 
ordinary condition of a representative government. Theprin- 
ciples on which it has been established could not remain entire 
amid the political vicissitudes. A. turbulent democracy, which 
has penetrated even into our laws, tends to put itself in the 
place of legitimate power. It disposes of the majority of the 
elections by means of the journals and the assistance of nu- 
merous affiliations. It has paralyzed, as far as has depended 
on it, the regular exercise of the most essential prerogative of 
the crown— that of dissolving the elective chamber. By this 
very thing the constitution of the state is shaken. Your ma- 
jesty alone retains the power to replace and consolidate it upon 
its foundations. 

" The right as well as the duty of assuring its maintenance 
is the inseparable attribute of the sovereignty. No government 
on earth would remain standing, if it had not the right to pro- 
vide for its own security. This power exists before the laws, 
because it is in the nature of things. These, Sire, are maxims 
which have in their favour the sanction of time, and the assent 
of all the publicists of Europe. 

'^ But these maxims have another sanction still more positive 
-—that of the Charter itself. The 1 4th article has invested 
your majesty with a sufficient power, not undoubtedly to change 
our institutions, but to consolidate them and render them more 
stable. 

*' Circumstances of imperious necessity do not permit the 
exercise of this supreme power to be any longer deferred. The 
moment is come to have recourse to measures which are in the 
spirit of the Charter, but which are beyond the limits of legal 
order, the resources of which have been exhausted in vain. 

'' These measures, Sire, your ministers, who are to secure 
the success of them, do not hesitate to propose to you, convinced 
as they are that justice will remain the strongest. 

^' We are, with the most profound respect. Sire, your ma- 
jesty's most humble and most faithful wsubjects, 
(Signed) " Prince de POLIGNAC. 

'* CHANTELAUZE. 

" Baron D'HAUSSEZ. 

*^ Count de PEYRONNET. 

*^ MONTBEL. 

'' Count de GUERNON RANVILLE. 

^^ Baron CAPELLE." 



REVOLUTION IN FIIANCE, 183Q. 19 

ORDINANCES OF THE KING. 
i. ordinance against the press. 

*^ Charles, &c. 

^' To all to whom these presents shall come, health. 

'« On the report of our Council of Ministers, we have or- 
dained, and ordain as follows : 

*' Art. 1. The liberty of the periodical press is suspended. 

'* 2. The regulations of the articles 1st, 2d, and 9th of the 1st 
section of the law of the 21st of October ,"18 14, are again put in 
force, in consequence of which no journal, or periodical, or 
semi-periodical writing, established, or about to be established, ' 
without distinction of the matters therein treated, shall appear 
either in Paris or in the departments, except by virtue of an 
authority first obtained from us respectively by the authors and 
the printer. This authority shall be renewed every three 
months. It may also be revoked. 

'' 3. The authority shall be provisionally granted and provi- 
sionally withdrawn by the prefects from journals and periodi- 
cals, or semi-periodical works, published or about to be pub- 
lished in the departments. 

" 4. Journals and writings published in contravention of ar- 
ticle 2 shall be immediately seized. The presses and types 
used in the printing of them shall be placed in a public depot, 
under s^als, or rendered unfit for use. 

*^ 5. No writing below twenty printed pages shall appear, 
except w^ith the authority of our Minister, Secretary of State 
for the Interior of Paris, and of the prefects in the departments. 
Every writing of more than twenty printed pages, which shall 
not constitute one single work, must also equally be published 
under authority only* Writings published without authority 
shall be immediately seized ; the presses and types used in 
printing them shall be placed in a public dep6t, and under seals, 
or rendered unfit for use. 

'^ 6. Memoirs relating to legal process, and memoirs of 
scientific and literary societies, must be previously authorized, 
if they treat in whole or in part of political matters, in which 
case the measures prescribed by art. 5 shall be applicable. 

" 7. Every regulation contrary to the present shall be with- 
out effect. 

'' 8. The execution of the present ordinance shall take place in 
conformity to article 4 of the ordinance of November 27, 1816, 



20 ANNALS OF THE 

and of that which is prescribed in the ordinance of the 18th o^f 
January, 1B17. 

" 6. Our Secretaries of State are charged with the execu- 
tion of this ordinance^ 

'' Given at Chateau St. Cloud, the 25th of July, of the year 
of Grace 1830, and the 6th of our reign. 

(Signed) '^CHARLES: 

(Countersigned) 
'' Prince de POLIGNAC, President. 
^' CHANTELAUZE, Keeper of the Seals. 
** Baron D'HAUSSEZ, Minister of Marine. 
«■> MONTBEL, Minister of Finance. 
^' Count GUERNON RANVILLE, Minister of Ec- 
clesiastical Affairs. 
'' Baron CAPELLE, Secretary of State for Public 
Works." 



II. ORDINANCE ANNULLING THE ELECTIONS OF THE DEPUTIES. 

'* Charles, &.c. 

'^ To all to whom these presents shall come, fcc. 
" Having considered Art. 50 of the Constitutional Charter ; 
being informed of the manoeuvres whi^h have been practised 
in various parts of our kingdom, to deceive and mislead the 
electors during the late operations of the electoral colleges ; 
having heard our council ; we have ordained, and ordain as 
follows : — 

''Art. 1. The Chamber of Deputies of Departments is dis- 
solved. 

«' 2. Our Minister, Secretary of State of the Interior, is 
charged with the execution of the present ordinance. 

'' Given at St. Cloud, the 25th day of July, the year of Grace 
1830, and the sixth of our reign. 

«' CHARLES. 
(Countersigned) 
"Count de PEYRONNET, Peer of France, Secretary of 
State for the Interior." 



RirVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 21 



III. ORDINANCE ABRIDGING THE RIGHT OF ELECTION. 

'♦Charles, &:;c. 

'' To all tliose who shall see these presents, health. 

** Having resolved to prevent the return of the manceuvres 
which have exercised a pernicious influence on the late opera- 
tions of the electoral colleges, wishing in consequence to re- 
form according to the principles of the Constitutional Charter 
the rules of Election, of which experience has shown the in- 
convenience, we have recognised the necessity of using the 
right which belongs to us, to provide by acts emanating from 
ourselves for the safely of the state, and for the suppression of 
every enterprise injurious to the dignity of our crown. For 
these reasons, having heard our council, we have ordained, and 
ordain — 

" Art. 1. Conformably to the articles 16, 36, and 30, of the 
Constitutional Charter, the Chamber of Deputies shall consist 
only of Deputies of Departments, 

" 2. The electoral rate and the rate of eligibility shall con- 
sist exclusively of the sums for which the elector and the can- 
didate shall be inscribed individually, as holders of real or per- 
sonal property, in the roll of the land tax, or of personal taxes. 

'* 3. Each department shall have the number of deputies 
allotted to it by the 36th article of the Constitutional Charter. 

'* 4. The deputies shall be elected, and the chamber re- 
newed, in the form and for the time fixed by the 37th article of 
the Constitutional Charter. 

"5. The electoral colleges shall be divided into colleges of 
arrondissement and colleges of departments, except the case 
of electoral colleges of departments, to which only one deputy 
is allotted. 

'* 6. The electoral colleges of arrondissement shall consist 
of all the electors whose poHtical domicile is established in the 
arrondissement. The electoral colleges of departments shall 
consist of a fourth part, the highest taxed^ of the electors of 
departments. 

" 7. The present limits of the electoral colleges of arron-^ 
dissements are retained. 

'* 8. Every electoral college of arrondissement shall elect a 
number of candidates equal to the number of departmental de- 
puties. 

" 9. The college of arrondissement shall be divided into as 
many sections as candidates. Each division shall be in pro- 

C2 



ni AISNALS OF THE 

portion to the number of sections, and to the total number of 
electors, having regard as much as possible to the convenience 
of place and neighbourhood. 

'' 10. The sections of the electoral college of arrondisse- 
ments may assemble in different places. 

'MI. Every section of the electoral college of arrondisse- 
ments shall choose a candidate, and proceed separately. 

'•12. The presidents of the sections of the electoral college 
of arrondissement shall be nominated by the prefects from 
among the electors of the arrondissement. 

^^ 13. The college department shall choose the deputies ; 
half the deputies of departments shall be chosen from the 
general list of candidates proposed by the colleges of arron- 
dissements : nevertheless, if the number of deputies of the de- 
partment is uneven, the division shall be made without im- 
peachment of the right reserved by the college of department. 

" 14. In cases where, by the effect of omissions, of void or 
double nominations, the list of candidates proposed by the col- 
leges of arrondissements shall be incomplete, if the list is re- 
duced below half the number required, the college of depart- 
ment shall choose another deputy not in the list ; if the list is 
reduced below a fourth, the college of department may elect 
beyond the whole of th« deputies of department. 

^' 15. The prefects, the sub-prefects, and the general offi- 
cers commanding military divisions and departments, are not 
to be elected in the departments where they exercise their 
junctions. 

'< 16. The list of electors shall be settled by the prefect in 
the Council of Prefecture. It shall be posted up five days be- 
fore the assembling of the colleges. 

^' 17. Claims regarding the power of voting which have not 
l»een authorized by the prefects shall be decided by the Cham- 
ber of Deputies ; at the same time that it shall decide upon the 
validity of the operations of the colleges. 

'* 18. In the electoral colleges of department, the two oldest 
©lectors and the two electors who pay the most taxes shall 
execute the duty of scrutators. 

'^ The same disposition shall be observed in the sections of 
the college of arrondissement, composed, at most, of only fifty 
electors. In the other college sections the functions of scru- 
tators shall be executed by the oldest and the richest of the 
©lectors. The secretary shall be nominated in the college of 
the section of colleges by the president and the scrutators. 

019. No person shall be admitted into the college, or section 



REVOLUTION IN mANCE, 1830. 23 

of college, if he is not inscribed in the list of electors who com- 
|X)se part of it. This list will be delivered to the president, 
and w\\\ remain posted up in the place of the sitting of the col- 
lege, during the period of its proceedings. 

'' 20. All discussion and deliberation whatever are forbid- 
den in the bosom of the electoral colleges. 

'* 2 1. The police of the college belongs to the President. No 
armed force without his order can be placed near the hall of 
sittings. The military commandant shall be bound to obey his 
requisitions. 

" 22. The nominations shall be made in the colleges and sec- 
tions of college by the absolute majority of the votes given. 
Nevertheless, if the nominations are not finished after two 
rounds of scrutiny, the bureau shall determine the list of per- 
sons who shall have obtained the greatest number of suffrages 
at the second round. It shall contain a number of names 
double that of the nominations which remain to be made. At 
the third round, no suffrages can be given except to the per- 
sons inscribed on that list, and the nominations shall be made 
by a relative majority. 

" 23. The electors shall vote by bulletins ; every bulletin 
shall contain as many names as there are nominations to be 
made. 

" 24. The electors shall write their vote on the bureau, or 
cause it to be written by one of the scrutators. 

'' 25. The name, the qualification, and the domicile of each 
elector who shall deposite his bulletin, shall be inscribed by the 
secretary on a list destined to establish the number of the voters. 

" 26. Every scrutiny shall remain open for six hours ; and 
shall be declared during the sitting. 

" 27. There shall be drawn up a proces verbal for each sit- 
ting. This proces verbal shall be signed by altihe members 
of the bureau. 

'* 28. Conformably to article 46 of the Constitutional Char- 
ter, no amendment can be made upon any law in the Cham- 
ber, unless it has been proposed and consented to by us ; and 
unless it has been discussed in the bureaus. 

" 29. All regulations contrary to the present ordinance shall 
remain without effect. 

" 30. Our Ministers, Secretaries of State, are charged with 
the execution of the present ordinance. 

" Given at St. Cloud, this 25th day of July, in the year of 
grace 1830, and 6th of our reign. 

^' CHARLES." 
(Countersigned by all the Ministers.) 



24 AlfNALS OF THE 



^ 



These ordinances of the King, on Sunday the 26th of July,, 
with the preceding Report of the Ministers, were sent for in- 
sertion the following morning to the Moniteur. 



MONDAY, JULY 26. 

The Moniteur in France bears the same relation to the Go- 
vernment that the London Gazette does in England. It is the 
official paper, and has been so with the Government under the 
Directory, the Consulate, Napoleon, Louis XVIIL, Napoleon 
daring the hundred days, Louis XVIIL again, and his succes- 
sor, Charles X. 

On the publication of the iyfom/e^^r this morning, its readers 
were astounded by the mystifying Report of the Ministers to 
Charles X., and the king's arbitrary ordinances. A person 
who breakfasted at one of the cafes describes something of the 
eifect produced by the illegal acts on the people assembled while 
he was sitting there. '^ A man entered, and, with a significant 
gesture, deposited at the bar a packet of Journals. The young 
lady who presided opened them of course, and, having glanced 
at them, beckoned to the proprietor of the cafe, and, with an 
air of astonishment, put one of them into his hands. He read 
a few lines —his eye fell lower— -he struck his forehead with his 
open hand, exclaiming, ^ I am ruined 1' He immediately pro- 
ceeded to lay upon the different tables copies of the Moniteur. 
In an instant they were grasped with eagerness — an unusual 
circumstance with that official organ — when 'Monstrous! 
scandalous ! abominable V burst from each reader. * What 
is the matter, sir ?' I asked of one of them. * The Chamber 
is dissolved !' exclaimed one ; * The liberty of the press is sus- 
pended 1' said another ; ' The Charter is violated !' said a 
third. A fourth, although evidently excited similarly with the 
others, showed, in addition, other symptoms of dissatisfaction, 
and the working of his mind, in these words, addressing a 
friend : — < R**^**, I shall run oflf instantly to Torteni's — the 
Three per Cents, will be down three francs in lialf an hour — I 
must see my broker instantly.' " The latter speaker had not 
misconceived the effect : the Rentes fell rapidly, and the Rank 
stopped its discounts. 

In Paris are the greater number of those electors whom the 
ordinances relating to the elections purposed to disfranchise ; 
besides these, there are the conductors of the Journals, and a^ 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. ^5 

great number of literary men, whose feelings and interests 
were violated by the ordinance against the press. Every rhind 
was filled witli indignation, and each man determined of 
himself, and upon the instant, to resist these aggressions of 
the King and his treasonable ministry. The first overt act 
seems to have been manifested by M. Charles Dunoyer. He 
addressed a letter to the National, declaring that he would not 
pay taxes until the ordinances were repealed ; for that, when 
the Government violated its engagements with the people, their 
duty of obedience ceased. The editor of the National in- 
serted this letter, and, having conferred with his coadjutors, he 
courageously published his paper, in contempt of the ordi- 
nances, with the following 

^' DECLARATION OF EDITORS OF JOURNALS. 

'< Paris, July 26. 

" It has for these six months past often been announced that 
the laws would be violated, — that a blow of arbitrary power 
would be struc^. The good sense of the public refused to be- 
lieve the report : the Ministry repelled the supposition as a 
calumny. However, the Moniteur-hdi^ at last published those 
memorable ordinances wbich are the most striking violation of 
the laws. Legal government is therefore interrupted, and that 
of force has commenced. 

<^ In the situation in which we are placed, obedience ceases 
to be a duty. The citizens first called upon to obey are the 
writers of the Journals ; they ought to give the first example 
of resistance to authority which has divested itself of a legal 
character. 

*' The reasons on which they rely are such that it sufiices to 
announce them. 

" The matters regulated by the ordinances now published 
are those on which royal authority cannot, according to the 
Charter, decide singly. The Charter (Art. 8) declares that 
the French, in afl^airs of the press, shall be bound to conform 
to the laws ; it does not say to the ordinances. The Charter 
(Art. 35) says that the organization of the electoral colleges 
shall be regulated by laws ; it does not say by ordinances. 

" The crown itself has hitherto recognised these articles. 
It never entertained the thought of arming itself against them, 
either with a pretended constituent power, or with the power 
falsely attributed to Art. 14. 

^> Ip factj on all occasions, when circumstances, pretended 



rb ANNALS OF THE 

to be of a serious nature, have appeared to the crown to re- 
quire a modification, either in the system of the press or the 
electoral system, it has had recourse to the two Chambers. — 
When it was required to modify the Charter, for establishing 
septennial duration and integral renewal, it had recourse, not 
to itself, as author of that Charter, but to the Chambers. 

'' Royalty has, therefore, of itself recognised and acted upon 
these articles, 8 and 35, and has arrogated, with respect to 
them, either a constituent authority^ or a dictatorial autho- 
rity which nowhere exists. 

'^ The tribunals which have the right of interpretation have 
solemnly recognised the same principles. The royal Court of 
Paris condemned the publishers of the Breton Association as 
authors of an outrage on the government. They considered 
the supposition that the government could employ the author- 
ity of ordinances, where the authority of the law can alone be 
admitted, as an outrage. 

" Thus the formal text of the Charter, the practice hitherta 
followed by the Crown, and the decisions of the tribunals, es- 
tablish, that with respect to the press, and electoral organiza- 
tion, the laws — that is to say, the King and the Chambers — 
can alone determine. 

" The Government has, therefore, now violated legal order. 
We are dispensed from obeying. We shall endeavour to pub- 
lish our journal without asking the authority which is im- 
posed on us. We shall do our best, in order that, for the pre- 
sent at least, it shall reach all parts of France. 

" This is what our duty as citizens dictate, and we fulfil it. 

" It is not for us to point out to the Chamber, illegally dis- 
solved, its duties; but we may supplicate it, in the name of 
France, to rely on its evident right, and to resist with all its 
power the violation of the laws. Its right is ns certain as that 
on which we rely. The Charter declares. Art. 50, that the 
King may dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, but in order to 
do that it is necessary that it shall have been assembled, and 
constituted a Chamber, and, in fine, that it shall have main- 
tained a system capable of provoking its dissolution. But, be- 
fore the meeting and the constitution of the Chamber, there is 
nothing but the election of deputies. Now in no part of the 
Charter is it said that the King can annul the elections. The 
ordinances now published do nothing but annul the elections. 
They are therefore illegal, because they do that which the 
Charter does not authorize. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. ^K 

<' The Deputies elected and convoked for the 3d of August 
are therefore well and truly elected and convoked. Their 
right to-day is the same as it was yesterday. France implores 
them not to forget it. Whatever they can do to make that 
right prevail, it is their duty to do. 

*' The Government has this day lost the character of legality 
which commands obedience. We resist it in what concerns 
ourselves. It is for France to determine how far her resistance 
ought to extend. 

** The following editors and managers of Journals, now in 
Paris, have signed : — 
'' MM. 

*' Gauja, manager of the National. 

" Thiers, Mignet, Carrel, Chambolle, Peysse, Al- 
bert, Staffer, Dubochet, Rolle, editors of the National. 

'* Leroux, manager of the Globe. 

** De Guizard, editor of the Globe. 

" Sarrans, jun., manager of the Courrier des Electeurs, 

" B. Dejean, editor of the Globe. 

*' GuYET, MoussETTE, oditors of the Courrier. 

" M. AuGUSTE Fabre, chief editor of the Tribune des De- 
partemen^. 

^* M. Annee, editor of the Constitutionnel. 

<* M. Cauchois-Lemaire, editor of the Constitutionnel. 

" Senty, of the Temps. 

^' Haussman, of the Temps. 

•' AvENNEL, of the Courrier Fran^ais. ^ 

'< DussARD, of the Temps. 

*' Levasseur, editor of the Revolution. 

" EVARISTE DUMOULIN. 

" Alexis de Jussiett, editor of the Courrier Franqai^. 
'* Chatelain, manager of the Courrier Franqais. 
<' Plagnol, chief editor of the Revolution. 
" Fazy, editor of the Revolution. 
'* BuzoNi, Barbaroux, editors of i\\Q Temps. 
'* Chalas, editor of the Temps. 
" A. Billiard, editor of the Temps. 
*VAder, of the Tribune des Departemens. 
" F. Larregxjy, editor of the Journal du Commerce. 
*' J. F. DupoNT, advocate, editor of the Cuorrier Franqais. 
" Ch. de Remusat, of the Globe. 

*' V. de Lapelouze, one of the managers of the Courrier 
Franqais. 
'* Bohain ET RoQUEPLAN, of the Figaro. 



^.8 AOTALS or THE 

" CosTE, manager of the Temps, 

" J. -J. Baude, editor of the Temps. 

" Bert, manager of the Commerce. 

" Leon Pillet, manager of the Journal de Paris. 

<^ Vaillakt, manager of the Si/lphe.''^ 

Another paper, the Journal du Commerce, expressed its 
opinion of the obnoxious ordinances, in the subjoined spirited 
article : — 

" Violation of the Charter — Abolition op the Laws, 

'' Paris, July 26th. 

'* Violence has triumphed in the councils of the King. The 
Constitution of the State is attacked in its foundations. The 
body politic is dissolved. France is replaced, by the crime of 
the Ministers, in the provisional situation from which the 
Charter had raised it on the 14th of June, 1814. The legal 
title which would legitimate the raising of the taxes in 1831 
has just been destroyed. 

" The crime for which Ministers are going to answer before 
the nation has been characterized by the lloyal Court of Paris, 
in the sentence passed upon us with respect to the Breton sub^ 
scription. In condemning us for having published that docu- 
ment the Magistrates have declared that the imputation was 
odious which ascribed to Ministers the intention of overthrow- 
ing the basis of the constitutional guarantees established by the 
Charter, and the design attributed to them criminal, either 
to enact and levy taxes not assented to by the two Chambers, 
or to change illegally the mode of the election. 

•* This odious imputation has become an official truth : this 
criminal intention is realized." 

On the other hand, the Gazette de France, a Journal de- 
voted to the court, defended the ordinances, by alleging that 
the representative system was not affected 1 that the decrees 
were countersigned by seven responsible Ministers ! that this 
was the third time since the restoration that the elections had 
been altered by royal ordinances 1 that the liberty of the press 
was only suspended ! that these measures were essential to the 
maintenance of the royal prerogative ! and were rendered 
imperative by the necessity of preserving established order, and 
the itistitutions which Royalty had '* given to its people !" 
Unfortunately for royalty, " its people" were of another 
opinion ; and the proprietors of the Journals in whom the 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 29 

people confided were determined to maintain public liberty, by 
opposing" the pen to the sword. 

One of Polignac's friends remonstrated with him, and en- 
deavoured to enforce upon him the fact that the ordinances en- 
dangered the dynasty : the Minister answered, '* Our plan is 
complete ; every thing is settled ;— the rest must be left to the 
gen-d'armerie l" The proprietors solemnly but vainly pro- 
tested against the violation of their property. 

These commotions alarmed foreigners sojourning in Paris, 
and they hastened to the ambassadors of tlieir respective na- 
tions for information and advice. Lord Stuart, the English 
Minister, was agitated and confused, and dismissed his anxious 
countrymen with expressions of hope that all would, end 
quietly. The passport office was crowded with persons desi- 
rous of leaving France immediately. 

Meetings of opulent citizens were held for the purpose of 
considering what course to pursue, and they resolved not to pay 
the current taxes, lest the money should be applied to the final 
subjugation of the Chamber of Deputies and the periodical 
press. The Bourse (Exchange) was crowded to excess. In 
every face there was either stupefaction or alarm. All in- 
quired, '' What is to be done ?" ** What step can be taken 
to avert ruin ?" The Rentes fell alarmingly. The noted 
jobber Ouvrard had been intrusted with the secret of ths 
coup d'etat: he arranged accordingly, and made an immense 
sum by the fall. M. Rothschild was excluded from the confi- 
dence of Ministers, and lost as much as his rival gained. 

There were at this time in Paris the Deputies representing 
the electors of the city, and some of the Deputies from other 
parts of the kingdom. They assembled to the number of thirty- 
two, and deliberated at the house of the deputy, M. Lafitte, the 
banker. A number of constitutional peers hastily met at the 
Duke de ChoiseuPs. At each of these meetings it was re- 
solved not to submit. The Peers signed a protest, and sent it 
by a deputation to the King. He refused to receive it. This 
rejection strengthened the resolution of the Deputies, and forty 
couriers were sent with despatches to towns and villages within 
a hundred miles of the metropolis^ representing the outrages of 
the Government, and urging theinhabitants to co-operate with 
the Parisians in a determined stand for the liberties of France. 

In the mean time, the Government was on the alert, and sent 
a general ofiicer to Grenelle, and another to Angers, for mili- 
tary purposes. The military command of Paris was intrusted 
to the marshal Duke of Ragusa (Marmont). Troops were 

D 



so ANNALS OF THE 

ordered in from the barracks within fifty miles around. It ^ 
was evident that the King and his Ministers were bent on en- 
forcing obedience to their ordinances by arms. The guards 
in the city were doubled. Towards the evening, bodies of 
gen-d'armerie were stationed about the Bourse, and on the 
Boulevards. 

These demonstrations, which dismayed and agitated every 
mind, were made while Charles X. was deaf to the teachings of 
an awful experience, and to the fearful representations of the 
few honest persons whom he allowed to approach him. He left 
the execution of his royal will to his ministers — as if the people 
had nothing to do, and would do nothing, with the Ordinances, 
but obey them. But the people were of a different temper. 
In consequence of the Bank refusing to discount bills, the ma- 
nufacturers perceived it had not confidence in the Government, 
and they immediately discharged their workmen. These arti- 
sans congregated in the different streets and reported what had 
happened to listening throngs. Lovers of news rushed to the 
offices of Journals which contained second editions, with the 
obnoxious ordinances. The Ministers were not willing that a 
knowledge of their own acts should extend to the provinces. 
Most of the papers put into the post-office were withheld, 
and the prefect of police, M. Mangin, issued the annexed 

Ordinance. 

" We, Prefect of Police, &c., seeing the ordinance of 
the King, dated the 25th inst., which puts again in force arti- 
cles 1, 2, and 9 of the law of the 21st of October, 1814, &c., 
have ordained, and ordain as follows i — 

"Art. 1. Every individual who shall distribute printed 
writings, on which there shall not be the true indication of 
the names, profession, and residence of the author and of the 
printer, or who shall give to the public the same writings to 
read, shall be brought before the Comn)issary of Police of the 
quarter, and the writings shall be seized. 

*^ 2. Every individual keeping a reading-room, cofTee-house, 
&c., who shall give to be read journals, or other writings, 
printed contrary to the ordinance of the King of the 25th 
inst., relative to the press, shall be prosecuted as guilty of the 
misdemeanors which these journals or writings may Constitute, 
and his establishment shall be provisionally closed. 

'^ 3. The present ordinance shall be printed, published, and 
posted up. 

" 4. The Commissary Chief of Municipal Police, the Com- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830, 31 

missaries of Police, shall be enjoined to see to the execution of 
it. It shall also be addressed to the Colonel of the city of 
Paris, commander of the royal gen-d'armerie, to cause the 
execution of it as far as he is concerned/' 

Mangin's ordinance, posted on the walls in all parts of the 
city, heightened the general discontent. It was plain there were 
to be fewer papers, and each with only such small flowings of 
adulterated intelligence as Prince Polignac and his confederates 
would allow to dribble out. Newspapers with a Frenchman's 
coffee in the morning are as essential to his existence as su- 
gared water and a dance in the evening. He neither does 
nor can he do without them : ]M. Mangin's ordinance was 
honoured with as much contempt as the ordinance of his masters. 
The officers of this functionary cleared the coffee-houses and 
reading-rooms of visiters, and shut up these and other places 
of resort for amusement or refreshment. By order of the po- 
lice, the theatres v;ere closed. These precautionary measures 
were by no means effective. The Government spies prowled 
in redoubled numbers, and were enabled to inform their em- 
ployers that all Paris was in a state of high sedition. 

At the Champs Elysees there wer^e in the evening, as usual, 
several bands of itinerant musicians performing in front of the 
groups seated in the grand x\llee, and in front of the cafes. One 
of these bands, composed of tv/o men and two women, sang a 
few airs, accompanying themselves on the guitar, and com- 
menced another. They had not sung three words before a well- 
dressed man whispered something in the ear of the leader. 
The music stopped, and another air was commenced. The 
interruption came from one of the innumerable agents of the 
police. The song prohibited was to the tune of one which 
contained a reference to the destruction of the Bastille. 

In the course of the day, the gen-d'armerie were objects of 
popular dislike, which was chiefly manifested by words. Seve- 
ral shops and public buildings were closed ; and, much earlier 
than was customary, all the shops in the Palais Royal were 
shut up. Young men, chiefly the sons of tradesmen, paraded 
the streets with walking-sticks containing small swords, which 
they drew occasionally and flourished in the air, at the same 
time uttering loud cries of " Vive la Charte /" As the night 
closed in, they were joined by persons of more fashionable 
appearance, with similar sticks- and pistols. Crowds of arti- 
sans, with bludgeons, rushed along, vociferating ^' Vive la 
Liberte 1" Until a late hour there were tumultuous cries ; the 
prevailing one was " Vive la Charte P^ The windows were 



3^ ANNALS OP THE 

broken at the Treasury, at Polignac's hotel in the Palais Royal,, 
and at the hotel of Montbel, the Minister of Finance, in the 
Rue Rivoli. No other violence was committed—except, per- 
haps, that, as was reported, one of the gen-d'armerie was shot 
after the darkness had set in. Charles X. came privately to 
Paris, and slept at the Dutchess of Berri's, while many of the 
people of Paris passed the night in devising means for oppos- 
ing the arbitrary domination he had assumed. The morrovs? 
that dawned upon his fatuitous slumbers witnessed his out- 
laged subjects in wakeful deliberations 



TUESDAY, JULY 27. 

The glorious sun which arose this morning upon the city of 
Paris lighted the people to early co-operation against the law- 
less will of Charles X., and him,, at a later hour, to a shooting 
party at St. Cloud with the duke d'Angouleme, a man after 
his own heart, equally Vveak, rash, obstinate, and blind to con- 
sequences. On Sunday the ordinances were signed, and, to 
the perverse obliquity of the king's mind, his signature settled 
the business. On the following day, Monday, he and the duke 
took their rifles, and indulged in field-sports, and arranged to 
shoot together till ¥/ednesday. These silly men expected as little 
resistance from the people as from the game which rose be- 
fore them, to be brought down with their rifles. If the people 
rose, they were game — to be brought down by the gens- 
d'armerie. 

This morning the heads of the University issued the follow- 
ing prohibition to the students :— 

*' The Royal Council of Public Instruction being informed 
that some students appear to be disposed to take part in as- 
semblages which may endanger good order and public tran- 
quillity, desiring to save the young men from the fatal conse- 
quences which would necessarily result from the disorders to 
which these illegal assemblages might have given rise, and 
from the penalties which the authorities of the University 
would be obliged to pronounce against the delinquents, re- 
minds the students of all the schools of the University, for the 
sake of their studies — for that of their future destiny, and of 
their families, of the following articles." — Then followed the 
18th, 19th, and 20th articles of the ordinance of the 6th of 
July, 1820, and article 36 of the o^rdiaancQ of the 2d of Fe- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. * 33 

bruary, 1823, "prohibiting students from taking part in any 
illegal assemblages and public disorders, forbidding them to 
act or to write in a collective capacity, as if they formed a 
corporate body, &lc. &c." This notice, dated the 27th of 
July, was signed by the Count de Guernon Ranville. 

The press — that machine which, when once in action, can 
no more be staj^d or stopped than the orb of day — had kept 
its course bravely yesterday. To day some prudent constitu- 
tional journals, bowing to the ordinances and the police — un- 
constitutionally applied for licenses to exist, but were refused, 
and suicidally extinguished. A few were licensed to appear 
under a strict censorship, and ^' swung blind and blackening." 
Others — in disdain and defiance of the police, the censors, the 
royal ordinances, the traitorous ministers, and the arbitrary 
king — came out, self-privileged, under '^ the liberty of unli- 
censed printing," exposing and denouncing the outrages of the 
court, and in unmeasured language vehemently urging the 
people to stand forth, and vanguard the efforts of the press for 
the liberties of France. 

On this day the journals appear to have been in the situation 
about to be described. 

The Moniteur^ the official paper of the government, made 
no allusion to the recent events. It contained an order which 
directed that all prefects, sub-prefects, and secretaries general 
should return immediately to their posts. It farther contained 
the following errata in the ordinances : — '' The first article of 
the' ordinance for the meeting of the electoral colleges should 
state that the electoral colleges of the departments are to 
meet on the 13th of September, not on the 18th — In the first 
article of the ordinance which lays down the rules of election, 
and prescribes the execution of article 46 of the Charter, in- 
stead of the words ' conformably to articles 15, 36, and 30,' 
are to be read ' 15, 36, and 50, of the Constitutional Charter.' " 

The Mess ager des Chambres appeared under a license, w^ilh 
this introductory notice — ^'' Paris, July 27th. At so critical a 
moment we have considered whether we should let our paper 
appear, or cease to exist. Strong in our consciences and our 
principles, we have tliought that an opposition journal was still 
necessary, not to discuss acts which we will not characterize, 
and which, under present circumstances, we cannot discuss, 
but to collect facts, to give them to the public, and to rectify 
them if they should be disfigured by the Ministerial journals. 
Thus we suspend for the present all discussion, preferring 
silence to a complaisant or forced mutilation of our ideas." 

D 2 



34 ANNALS OF TU1S 

The Journal du Commerce appealed from the ordinances to 
the laws, and obtained a judgment in favour of the press. The 
following ordinance of the president, De Belleyme, author- 
ized the printer. "- Considering the ordinance of the' King of 
the 25th, relative to the press, has not been promulgated ac- 
cording to the forms prescribed by the ordinance of the 27th of 
November, 1826, and that of the 18th of January, 1817 : We 
order M. Selligue to proceed to the composition and printing 
of the Journal du Commerce, which is to appear to-morrow.*'' 

La France Nouvelle was honoured with a similar ordinance, 
addressed to its printer, M. Plassau. This recreant of. the 
press refused to comply, and the courageous editors could not 
bring out their journal. 

The Courrier Franqais was not published, for a similar rea- 
son, assigned by its conductors in the following spirited circular 
addressed to their subscribers ; — - 

" Sir, '' Paris, July 27th. 

'^ Yesterday evening, at the moment for putting the 
Journal to press, the printer of the Courrier Franqais, inti* 
midated by the threats of the police, signified to us his refusal 
to print it. The dispute has been referred to the tribunals. 
We shall employ all legal means to make our right triumph ; 
but we shall not apply for a license, which v/ould seem to imply 
our submission io acts which violate the Charter and the la;ys. 

'* The citizens who have been concerned in editing and pub- 
lishing the Courrier Frangais will protest to the last ; and will 
rather make a sacrifice of their property, than yield to arbitrary 
measures and to violence. 

" The Managers of the Courrier Frangais, 

'^ V. DE LAPELOUZE. 
" CHATELAIN." 

GalignanVs Messager was not published. His whole es- 
tablishment wag closed. 

The London Express was not published. 

The Constitutionnel, a journal with 17,000 subscribers, was 
printed, but not published. It was suppressed by the police : 
a sentry was placed at the office door to prevent its distribution. 

The Universal, the Quotidienne^ the Gazette de France^ and 
the Drapeau Blanc, being papers devoted to the government, 
were licensed and published. 

The Courrier des Theatres appeared with the play-bills of 
the day only. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 35 

The Petites Affiches^ containing advertisements only, also 
appeared. 

The Journal des Salons^ relating only to costumes, fashions, 
furniture, &c., was published. 

The National resisted and was published early in the morn- 
ing, without a license. It contained a letter from M. Charles 
Dunoyer, declaring that he would not pay taxes until the ordi- 
nances were repealed. 

The Temps resisted, and was published iinthout a license. 

The Figaro resisted, and was also published without alicense. 

The National and the Temps, by secret arrangements and 
private presses, were printed and published in despite of the 
vigilance of the police. The proprietors of each of these 
journals, influenced by a noble scorn, refused to apply for li- 
censes, and threatened, if force were offered to them, they would 
repel it by force. These courageous papers were issued gra- 
tuitously at the offices, and thence they were distributed, and 
voraciously read in every quarter. The excellent young men 
who conducted the National had contrived to circulate the 
paper to its subscribers, and afterward, with their own hands, 
they gave away a multitude of copies to the people that thronged 
their door, with an injunction to each individual to take arms 
in defence of their country against its tyrants. By this means, 
the news of the odious ordinances and the calls to resistance, 
which until then had been confined within circles, were ex- 
tended throughout Paris to the stupefaction of many thousands, 
who were unacquainted with the proceedings of yesterday. 
In vain did the commissaries of police go round to all the cafes 
and reading rooms to prevent the giving out of the National 
and the Temps for perusal ; for they had been read, and the 
news communicated. 

A Paris letter of this day well describes the anxieties and 
views of the people: — " I went," says the writer, '* at half- 
past seven o'clock this morning to the Palais Royal, anxious 
to see the Paris Journals Hguring in their barrenness — I mean, 
divested of that sickening mass of rubbish with which, under 
the name of Hautes Politiques^ their columns used to be 
loaded. The Moniteur, the Universal, and the Quotidienne 
had arrived — no others were to be found in the four beautiful 
Pavileons de Lecture which adorn the garden, nor in any of 
the cafes ; but several young men rushed through the garden, 
distributing profusely and gratuitously Le Temps ^ Le National., 
and Figaro. Early as was the hour, the garden contained not 
fewer than 500 men. Those who had copies of the papers 
above mentioned were immediately surrounded by crowds, to 



36 ANNALS OF THE 

whom they read Uie unquestionably inflammatory matfer con- 
tained in those papers. In one instance an agent of Police 
interfered, but in no more that 1 saw. The language of those 
journals was heard with deep attention, and i'ollovved by no 
comment. In many instances, those who had already heard 
them ran unsated to another group to hear once more, and 
probably for the last time, the bold accents of liberty. I en- 
tered the cafe, and entering into conversation with the pro- 
prietor, asked him what he meant by saying yesterday, when 
he first read the Royal Ordinances, that he was ruined ? 
** Good God, sir, how can you ask ? Look at my cafe to-day, 
and recollect what it was at this hour yesterday. You are 
now its sole occupant — yesterday it was with difficulty you 
found a place in which to sit. This Ordinance for suspend- 
ing the liberty of the press will destroy hundreds of thousands 
of families — the keepers of coffee-houses, and reading-rooms, 
and libraries, editors, printers, publishers, paper-makers. The 
Constitutionncl sold between 16,000 and 20,000 copies daily — 
it will not sell 6000 hereafter. Take these as instances. But I 
do not grieve solely on these accounts, although I shall partici- 
pate in the general ruin. I have some public feeling — I 
grieve for the destruction of the Charter. It is true, as I pay 
more than the required sum in direct taxes, that I do not par- 
ticipate in the destitution of the smaller voters (the class 
whose qualification consisted in their paying 300 francs a-j^ear 
only) ; but I must, and I do, feel for the loss of the political 
rights of my fellow-citizens. The number of Voters disquali- 
fied by the ordinance in the city of Paris alone is not less than 
9600. The number that will remain does not amount to more 
than 1900. Here, therefore, in all probabilty, but certainly 
in most of the Departments, the Ministry miiy reckon on the 
success of the Government candidates. The Chamber, so 
composed, will pass any lav? presented to it ; you may guess, 
therefore, tliat there is an end of liberty in France." 

In the Drapeau Blanc^ a court journal, there was a para- 
graph of extraordinary import. '* It is certain that the coun- 
cil of the day before yesterday did justice to a pretty consi- 
derable number of functionaries v/hose opinions, and, in case 
ofneed, whose votes, do not agree with the monarchical spirit 
which animates the King's Government." There cannot !)e 
a doubt but that Charles X. and his Ministers designed to 
erect a despotism in France upon the ruins of the Charter. 

Several hours elapsed after the publicalioii of the National 
and the Temps, without a movement against the editors. The 
king and his guilty ministers must have seen these jour^ials 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 37 

soon after they were issued, and probably much of the inter- 
val was employed in determining what should be done with 
the offenders. 

About noon, the police, and a large force of gens-d'armes, 
mounted and on foot, appeared before the office of the Na- 
tional, in the Rue St. Marc. They found the door fast closed ; 
and, being refused entrance, broke in, seized the types, and 
carried the redacteur-in-chef to prison, leaving five mounted 
gens-d'armes to blockade the entrance of the street. The 
same force went to the office of the Tempsyin the Rue Riche- 
lieu, where, the door being locked and admission denied, a 
smith was sent for to break it open, but he refused to act. 
Another smith was procured, who i)icked the lock and opened 
the door. Still there was no entrance ; f6r the doorway within 
was barricaded, and a body of honest printers inside vowed to 
defend the blockaded pass, and the press, with their lives. 
The commissaries of police, however, by some means, got in, 
and seized the papers that remained, and the types. The 
crowds as yet could only oppose resentful looks, and cries of 
*' Vive la Charter^ to military operations. 

The people, already irritated by the reading of the journals, 
and aggravated by the pouring in of troops and the seizure of 
the presses, heartened each other with shouts for liberty and 
their country. Agitation prevailed throughout Paris ; the 
Bourse was crowded to excess, and inflammatory papers were 
thrown in upon the assembly — " Death to Ministers, and in- 
famy to the soldiers who defend them !" — ^' Aux amies, Fran- 
9oisl" The funds of course dropped as popular excitement 
heightened. 

After this notice of the slate of the daily press, and the sen- 
sation on the Exchange, and among the loungers and fre- 
quenters of the cafes, it is proper to relate incidents that con- 
cerned the people generally. At daybreak, the inhabitants of 
Palais were reminded, by the thunder of the artillery exer- 
cising at Vincennes, that some hundreds of pieces of cannon 
were ready to pour into the city and sweep the streets. 'So 
early as five in the morning several battalions of the Guards 
were under arms in the Champs Elysees ; and by seven 
o'clock groups began to form in the Palais Royal. The Na- 
tional and the Temps^ the two patriotic papers v/hich broke 
the ordinances by publishing without a license, and were given 
away, found eager readers in the assembled crowds. These 
journals were likewise read to the people in the city itself by 
enthusiastic persons mounted on chairsj and from the windo\^s 



38 ANNALS OF THE 

of the houses. There were repeated shouts of *' Vive la 
Charter " Down with the King !" " Death to Polignac !" 
''Death to Peyronnet !" '' Liberty or Death!" '* Vive la 
RepubliqueP^ 

A deputation of peers left Paris for St. Cloud ; but the 
court had taken a headlong course, and perversely determined 
on enforcing obedience to its mandates. The deputies assem- 
bled, and were understood to have unanimously resolved that 
the ministers had placed themselves out of the pale of the law ; 
that the people would be justified in refusing payment of the 
taxes ; and that all the deputies should be summoned to meet 
on the 3d of August, the day first appointed for their convo- 
cation. 

By twelve o'clock, there were at least 6000 people in the 
Palais Royal. The multitude was increased by printers thrown 
out of employment from suppression of the journals, and by work- 
men dismissed from the manufactories. The ferment rapidly 
heightened, especially among groups of electors of 121. a-year, 
whom the ordinance disfranchised, who listened to harangues 
from speakers mounted on chairs. Respectable tradesmen 
shut their shops, and hastened to the spot to hear the exhort- 
ations of the unlicensed journals amplified and enforced at the 
Palais Royal. One man said, '* My brothers ! Frenchmen! 
The miserable ministry has done its worst. Will you submit 
to be slaves? Hear what the National says to you! (He 
read passages urging resistance.) Will you second the press ? 
I know you will! Let us unite against our oppressors!" 
Ansvvers of '^ Yes, yes ! we wdll, we will unite !" were loudly 
vociferated. All the shopkeepers in tile Palais Rc\yal shut 
up their shops. A police officer had entered a shop to com- 
pel the taking down of a caricature, and, being beateii by the 
proprietor, the police were hustled and attacked. 

All work was abandoned, every manufactory closed, and 
detachments of artisans, with large sticks, traversed the streets. 
Troops of gens-d'armes patroled in full gallop to disperse the 
accumulating crowds. The people were silent ; and in half 
an hour the shops throughout Paris were closed. Troops of 
the Royal-Guard, and soldiery of the line, came pouring in. 
The people lo(fked sullen and determined. Their chief points 
of rendezvous were the Palais Royal, the Palais de Justice, 
and the Bourse. There were simultaneous cries of "Vive la 
Charte !" " Down with the absolute King !" but no conversa- 
tion — no exchange of words with each other. 

The King was at the Tuileries, In the Place Carousel 



' REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 39 

there was a station of several thousands of the military, in- 
cluding the Lancers of the Royal Guard, with a great number 
of cannon. At the Place Vendome, a strong guard of in- 
fantry was stationed around the column, to guard the signs 
of royalty upon it from being defaced. Crowds of people as- 
sembled on the spot and menaced the troops. 

About four o'clock, the prefect of police ordered the 
Palais Royal to be cleared by the gen-d'armerie. They 
charged with the flat of their sabres, drove out the people 
pell mell, and the gates were closed. The chairs lying about 
the walks in heaps were evidence of the general confusion. 

Towards five o'clock there was a tumult in the Place du 
Palais Royal. The military fired. A gen-d'arme was killed 
by the people. A mounted gen-d'arme, going at a smart 
trot, with a despatch, was attacked by half a dozen young 
men, with sticks, to compel him to surrender his arms. A 
platoon of infantry, of the same corps, was despatched to 
rescue him, but, fearing they would be too late, they fired a 
volley (probably in the air), the people dispersed, and the or- 
derly returned to his post. 

About seven o'clock, bodies of discharged workmen flocked 
into Paris from the environs, and dispersed about the city. 
The tumult and alarm increased as rapidly. — A single phrase 
— the revocation of the ordinances — might have restored tran- 
quillity. The only intimation from the government was the 
arrival of fresh troops and cannon. 

Armourers' shops were broken open, and the arms carried 
off. The crov/ds assembled in the neighbourhood of the 
Palais Royal, unpaved the Rue St. Honore, as far as the Rue 
de I'Echelle, and, overturning a couple of large common wa- 
gons in the middle of the narrowest part of the street, made a 
kind of intrenchment. They then broke up stones for mis- 
siles, and attacked an armourer's shop in the Rue de I'Echelle. 
Some squadrons of the Lancers of the Guard charged and 
dispersed the assailants, and finally put them to flight in the 
Rue St. Honore. Battalions of the Royal Guard fired against 
the Rue de I'Echelle and the church de St. Roch. It was 
announced at those theatres which were open, that the mili- 
tary were firing on the people, and the audiences rushed out 
to join their fellow-citizens. In this affair several of the people 
were killed. The lanterns for lighting Paris, by hanging them 
from the middle of rope lines which reach from one side to the 
other of each street, were destroyed by parties of the people, 
who cut the lines and trod the lanterns beneath their feet. A 



40 ANNALS OF THE 

band of artisans bore the corpse of one of their fallen cona- 
rades through the Rue Vivienne. As they passed a Swiss 
post, in the Rue Colbert, their cries of '* Vengeance" were 
terrible. They took the body to the Place de la Bourse, and 
stripped and exhibited it, surrounded by candles, and the same 
fearful cries and shouts of ''• To arms ! to arms I" Others of 
the slain, borne to the houses of their families, were silent but 
irresistible exhortations to resistance. The people execrated 
the king as the author of all the mischief. Their force was 
not organized. There existed no conspiracy, and therefore 
they did not act in concert. But their sentiment was the same, 
and the common feeling portended an awful and decisive 
strijggle. 

A tradesman left his house in the uniform of the National 
Guard, and was hailed with shouts of rapture. This uniform, 
with the arms of its wearers, had been ordered to be given up 
on the disbanding of the National Guard some years before. 
Some of the citizens had retained both, and these now re- 
sumed them in defence of the liberty of their country. 

Near the Rue de I'Arbre Sec, one of the National Guard 
was arrested. He resisted — the people flew to the rescue, and 
the gens-d'armerie let him go : a gen-d'arme said, '' These 
are not the orders we have received.*" The appearance of 
the National Guard heightened the enthusiasm and increased 
the confidence of the people. 

Some of the Royal Guard quitted their casernes and joined 
their countrymen. At ten o'clock, a guard-house of the gens- 
d'armerie at the Place de la Bourse was attacked, the guard 
expelled, and the guard-house set on fire. The building was 
of wood and burned fiercely : a party of sapeurs pompiers 
(firemen) arrived to extinguish the flames ; they were resisted 
by the people, and allowed themselves to be disarmed. 

In the course of the day, Prince Polignac was vainly fol- 
lowed in his carriage, as an object of attack, by a crowd of 
the incensed people. He was strongly guarded by military, 
and proceeded to his hotel in safety. At night lie gave a grand 
dinner to his odious colleagues, under the protection of a bat- 
talion, and ten pieces of artillery. He had been closeted with 
the relentless king during the greater part of the day. Neither 
the king nor any of his ministers had dared to show themselves 
in public for a moment. 

To- lay the opinion of the English ambassador was of little 
use to his countrymen. They saw enough to alarm them, and 
a number left Paris with the utmost despatch. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 41 

Despatches were sent by the government in every direction, 
to hasten troops towards the capital. By the time that these 
orders had arrived, several departments were in arms against 
the ordinances, and the mayors and prefects obliged to throw 
themselves on the mercy of the citizens, and to leave the ques- 
tion of military force and military arrangement to the inhabit- 
ants. A courier despatched to the Dutchess d'Angouleme 
was arrested by the people, and his despatches taken from him 
and sent to the committee of Deputies. 

In the mean while, the Deputies had applied themselves to 
consider the measures necessary to be adopted. One of their 
resolutions was, that the National Guard should be immedi- 
ately organized. 

At this crisis, big with certain ruin to either the government 
of. Charles X. or the liberties of the people, a momentous pa- 
per was addressed to the Journals with a letter, dated Paris, 
27th July, and subscribed '* By authorization, — The Secretary 
of the Preparatory Reunion of free Frenchmen, D. M." The 
letter began thus : — " I am charged to transmit to you, with a 
request to insert it in your next number, the following docu- 
nrient, which, after deliberation, was adopted this day by a nu- 
merous assembly, met spontaneously in order to concert the 
measures which circumstances render necessary and indispen- 
sable, for the preservation of our rights, and the establishment 
of a true Constitutional Government." 

The document alluded to was the following : — 

" MANIFESTO TO THE FRENCH — TO ALL PEOFLE — AND TO ALL 
GOVERNMENTS. 

*^ A solemn act had, in 1816, laid the basis of a reconcilia- 
tion between the French nation and the ancient dynasty, and 
fixed the conditions by which the chief of the Bourbon family 
should resume and preserve the exercise of the Royal authority 
—^reiterated oaths have, at different epochs, rendered more im- 
perious the obligations contracted by the chiefs of this family, 
and had made their Charter the sole title to the obedience of 
the French. All these oaths have been violated during the 
last sixteen years, by the establishment of a great number of 
laws, opposed in their spirit and letter to the spirit of the Con- 
stitutional Charter ^ but each of the attempts hitherto mad© 
against this fundamental law had an appearance of legality, 
and had not exceeded legislative forms, which, while they had 
been preserved, offered the means of reparation. The French 

E 



42 ANNALS OF THE 

nation, with an equanimity which has often been called indif- 
ference or weakness, has supported itself against all the in* 
roads of power, and all the attacks against its rights, made by 
the different administrations which had succeeded each other 
under the reign of the astute Louis XVIII. as under that of 
his successor. The national patience, instead of bringing back 
the Government to sentiments of justice, of confidence, of bene- 
volence, had, on the contrary, inspired it with sufficient auda- 
city to march more openly to the overthrow of our in- 
stitutions — to the spoliation of all our rights — ^to the re-es- 
tablishment of those principles of Divine right, of those 
Royal Prerogatives^ which are in opposition to the inte- 
rests and the prerogatives of the people, which" cannot be 
regarded otherwise than as an outrage to human reason, and 
which England first stigmatized with her anathemas, and de- 
stroyed by her arms. Tiie Ordonnances of the 26ih of the 
present month, in abolishing the principal guarantees conse- 
crated by the Coostitutional Charter, have set at naught the 
positive terms of that Charter, and of well-considered laws, 
adopted by the two Chambers and sanctioned by the King ac- 
cording to legal forms, and haye at length taught the nation 
that the Chief which she had deigned to acknowledge, not- 
withstanding four years of vices, of corruptions, and of trea- 
sons against his country, wished to govern it by his own will, 
and according to the caprices of his own good pleasure. By 
these Ordonnances the Chief of the Government Iras placed 
himself above the Law; therefore he has put himself out 

or THE PALE QE THE LAW. 

'* In consequence, Charles Phillip Capet, formerly Count 
of Artois, has ceased in rigiit to be King of France ; the 
French are released from all their obligations to him in that 
character. All the Ordonnances which he may promulge will 
be, like those of the 25th, null, and as if they never bad been 
given. The Ministers composing the Government of the Ex- 
King, named Polignao, Peyronnet, Montbel, d'Haussez, 
DE Chantelauze and Guernon Ranville, are declared at- 
tainted and convicted of high-treason. It is the duty of all 
Frenchmen to resist, by every means in their power, the orders 
of Charles Phillip Capet, or his agents, under whatever 
denomination they may present themselves — to refuse payment 
of all imposts, and to take arms, if it should be necessary, to 
put an end to a Government de facto, and to establish a new 
Government (iejwre. 

*' The army is released from its oaths of fidelity to the Ex- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 43 

King — its country invokes its concurrence. Charles Phil* 
LIP Capet, his self-styled Ministers, or Counsellors, their abet- 
tors and adherents, the Generals, the Chiefs of Regiments and 
Officers, are responsible for every effusion of blood resulting from 
the resistance of the Government de facto to the national will. 

"Louis Phillip of Orleans, Duke of Orleans, is called upon 
to fulfil, under the present circumstances, the duties which are 
imposed upon him, and to concur with his fellow-citizens in 
the re-establishment of a Constitutional Government; and, on 
his refusal to do so, he must, with his family, quit the French 
territory until the perfect consolidation of the new Govern- 
ment has been effected. 

'« Voted in Session at Paris, 27th day of July, 1830. 
(Signed) " T. S. Provisional President. 

'' G. de M. > Provisional 
"J. du D. 3 Secretaries." 

By whom this paper was drawn up, or issued, does not ap- 
pear. Although names were not attached to it, yet such a 
manifesto, if circulated in Paris, at such a perilous moment, 
was calculated to strengthen the desire of the irritated people 
for the dethronement of Charles X., whose person, and family, 
and favourites, afforded the active elements of vexatious and 
tyrannical misrule. 



WEDNESDAY, JULY 28. 

The Press did its work yesterday — it thoroughly aroused the 
people, and this was an eventful day. 

It is proper, however, to notice thus early that the ordinance 
against the press was the subject of legal investigation this 
morning. 

A case was submitted to the Tribunal of Commerce on a 
question between Messrs. De Lsipelouze and Chatelain, editors 
of the Courrier Franqais^ and M. Gaultier Laguionie, printer of 
that Journal, who, in pursuance of a notice of the prefect of 
police, issued in conformity with the royal ordinance of the 25th 
instant, had refused to print that journal until a license was ob- 
tained. After hearing the ^ opective parties and their coun- 
sel, the court pronounced the following judgment : — *' Consi- 
dering that, by an agreement between the parties, Gaultier La- 
guionie bad bound himself to print for the editors of the jour- 



44 ANNAls OF THE 

nal entitled the Courrier Franqais^ and that all agreements 
legally entered into ought to be carried into effect, it is in vain 
for M. Gaultier Laguionie to withdraw from the obligation he 
had taken upon himself, on the ground of a notice from the pre- 
fect of police, enjoining him to execute the ordinance of the 
25th, which ordinance, being contrary to the Charter, could not 
be obligatory either upon the sacred and inviolable person of the 
khig or upon the citizens whose rights it attacks f considering, 
farther, that, according to the forms of the Charter, ordinances 
can only be issued for the purpose of executing and maintain- 
ing the laws, and that the above ordinance, on the contrary, 
would have the effect of violating the provisions of the law of 
28th of July, 1828 ; the tribunal ordains and decrees that the 
agreement between the parties shall be carried into effect, and 
consequently condemns, par cqrps^ Gaultier Laguionie to print 
the Courrier Franqais within tw^enty-four hours, and in case of 
failure in doing so, reserves the right of the editors to sue for 
damages ; orders the decree to be carried into temporary ex- 
ecution upon the minutes, and notwithstanding any appeal ; 
and also condemns the defendant in all costs of the suit." 

The Moniteur of this morning did not contain any thing re- 
lative to the late measures, or to the state of Paris, except that 
the king, by an ordinance of the 25th instant, had given to the 
Marshal Duke of Ragusa the command of all the troops forming 
the first military division. 

Galignani's Messenger appeared, and merely announced 
that tumultuous assemblages had taken place, but that the go- 
vernment would put them down by force. 

This morning, the shops of Paris were closely shut, and the 
windows fastened and barred, as if the inhabitants of the city 
were in mourning for the slain, or in apprehension of approach- 
ing calamity. 

The tocsin sounded, and the people flocked in from the faux- 
bourgs and different quarters of the city. 

That exterminable enemy to oppression, the press, had been 
at work during the night. Handbills were profusely distributed,, 
containing vehement philippics against the king and his minis- 
ters, and summoning every man to arm for his country, and ta 
aid in ejecting the Bourbons. Placards were constantly posted 
up, and eagerly read. 

During the preceding night an organization of the people had 
been arranged. 

All the arms that could be found at the theatres, and re- 
naaining in the shops of armourers thi^t he^diioVheen visited tM 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 45 

evening before, were seized and distributed. Every other kind 
of property was respected. 

Small parties of the mihtary were stopped and disarmed by 
the multitude, and the soldiers confined. 

Numbers of the National Guard in uniform, and with arm?, 

paced the streets, and were allowed to pass by the gens-d'arme- 

rie : — not a word was spoken ; they merely exchanged looks. 

No vehicles were in the streets ; they were interdicted, and 

their passage rendered impracticable. 

Strong detachments guarded the different hotels of the mi- 
nisters. 

Loud cries and shouts were constantly heard of " Down 
with the Jesuits!"— ^* Down with the Bourbons !" — " Death to 
the ministers." 

Each man strove to provide himself with a musket, a pistol, 
a sword, a pole with a knife or some cuttinginstrument to form 
a weapon of offence. The greater part had bludgeons ; a few 
had rifles. 

Troops continually arrived from St. Denis, St. Cloud, and 
other military stations. 

Rude barricades were hastily thrown up in different places 
to prevent the attacks of cavalry. 

Several telegraphs, including that on the church d'es Petits 
Peres, were dismounted. 

Groups of the people armed with sticks, bayonets, pikes, and 
muskets, removed or effaced all the insign^^a and emblems of 
royalty. A red flag was hoisted on the gate of St. Denis, 
amid the shouts of the people. Tri-coloured flags were pro- 
menaded in the streets, and tri-coloured cockades and breast- 
knots were worn not only by the French, but by the English 
and foreigners of all nations, The royal arms and other signs 
of the government of Charles X. that were moveable were 
burned in the Place Publiqne, 

All Paris was in insurrection. Every movement of the peo- 
ple portended a terrible conflict. The government reposed 
in security upon a crippled, blind, drid implacable dignity. 

An ambassador wrote to Prince Polignac to ask a guard, in 
order that the servants of the embassy might go out without 
danger. '* I have no time to write to the ambassador," said 
the prince to the bearer of the letter ; '« but you may assure 
him that all this is nothing! in two hours every thing fvill be 
quiet !" * 

. The following document was in the course of signature by 
the representatives. 

E 2 



46 ANNALS OF THIJ 



PROTEST OF THE DEPUTIES. 

" The undersigned, regularly elected deputies by the CoP 
leges of Arrondissements, by virtue of the royal ordinance of 

the , and conformably to the constitutional Charter, and to 

the laws relative to elections of the , and who are now at 

Paris, 

*' Consider themselves as absolutely obliged by their du- 
ties and their honour to protest against the measures which the 
advisers of the crown have lately caused to be proclaimed for 
the overthrow of the legal system of elections, and the ruin of 
the liberty of the press. 

" The same measures contained in the ordinances of the 

are, in the opinion of the undersigned, directly contrary to the 
constitutional rights of the Chamber of Peers, to the public 
rights of the^ French, to the attributes and to the decrees of the 
tribunals, and calculated to throw the state into a confusion 
which equally endangers the peace of the present moment and 
the security of the future. 

" In consequence, the undersigned, inviolably faithful to 
their oath, protest in concert, not only against the said mea- 
sures, but against all the acts which may result from them. 

"And considering, on the one hand, that the Chamber of 
Deputies, not having been constituted, could not be legally dis- 
solved, on the other, that the attempt to form a new Chamber 
of Deputies in a novel and arbitrary manner is directly opposed 
to the constitutional Charter arid to the acquired rights of the 
electors, the undersigned declare that they still consider them- 
selves as legally elected the deputation by the Colleges of the 
arrondissements and departments whose suffrages they have 
obtained, and as incapable of being replaced except by virtue 
of elections made according to the principles and forms pre- 
scribed by the laws. And if the undersigned do not effectively 
exercise the rights nor perform all the duties which they de- 
rive from their legal election, it is because they are hindered 
by absolute violence." 

Among those who signed this protest were, 

MM. MM. 

L'Abbe de PoMPiERE. Andre GoLLoT. 

Sebastiani. Gaetan de la Rochefoucauld . 

Mechin. Mauguin. 

Perrier (Cassimir). Bernard. 

GurzoT. VoisiN de Gartempe. 

AuDBY de Puyraveau. Froidefond de Bellisle. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 



4T 



MM. 

ViLLEMAIN. 

DiDOT (Firmin). 

Daunou. 

Persil. 

ViLLEMOT. 

De la RiBoissiERE. 
BoNDY (Comte de). 
Dtjris-Dufresne. 
GiROD de TAiN. 

LaISNE de la ViLLEVEQUE. 

Delessert (Benjamin). 

Marchal. 

Nau de Champ-louis. 

Comte de Lobatj. 

Baron Louis. 

MiLLAUX. 

EsTouRMEL (Comte d'), 

Montguyon (Comte de). 

Levaillant. 

Tronchon. 

Gerard (le General). 

Lafitte (Jacques). 

Garcias. 

dugas montbel. 

Camille Perier. 



MM. 
Alexandre Delaborde. 
Jacques Lefebvre. 
Mathieu Dumas. 

EUSEBE SaLVERTE. 

De Poulmer. 
Hernoux. 
Chardel. 
Bavoux. 
Charles Dupin. 

HeL^ d'HoYSSEL. 

Eugene d'HARcouRT, 
Baillot. 

General Lafayette. 
Georges Lafayette, 
Jouven€el. 
Bertin de Vaux. 
Comte de Lameth. 
Berard. 
duchaffaut. 

Auguste de Saint-Aignan. 
Keratry. 
Ternaux. 
Jacques Odier. 
Benjamin Constant. 
&c. &c. ^c. 



Vassal. 

A Deputation was formed of the following eminent Depu- 
ties : — Messrs. General Gerard, Count de Lobau, Lafitte, Cas- 
simir Perrier, and Manguin. Amid the fire of musketry they 
went to the Marshal Duke- of Ragusa. M. Lafitte repre- 
sented to the Marshal the deplorable state of the capital, blood 
flowing in all directions, the musketry firing as in a town taken 
by storm. He made him personally responsible, in the name 
of the assembled Deputies of France, for the fatal conse- 
quences of so melancholy an event. 

The Marshal replied — " The honour of a soldier is obe- 
dience." '' And civil honour," replied M. Lafitte, " is not ta 
massacre the citizens." The Marshal said, *^ But, gentlemen^ 
what are the conditions you propose ?" " Without judging 
too highly of our influence, we think that we can be answer- 
able that every thing will return to order on the following con- 
ditions I — The revocation of the illegal Ordinances of the 25tb 



4B ANNALS OF THE 

of July, the dismissal of the Ministers, and the convocation of 
the Chambers on the 3d of August." 

The Marshal replied that, as a citizen, he might perhaps not 
disapprove, nay even might participate in the opinions of the 
Deputies, but that as a soldier he had his orders, and he had 
only to carry them into execution — that, however, he engaged 
to submit these proposals to the King in half an hour. 

" But," said the Marshal, *^ if you wish, gentlemen, to have 
a conference on the subject with M. de Polignac, he is close 
at hand, and I will go and ask him if he can receive you." 

A quarter of an hour passed, the Marshal returned with his 
countenance much changed, and told the Deputies that M. de 
Polignac had declared to him that the conditions proposed 
rendered any conference useless. 

<' We have then civil war," said M. Lafitte. The Marshal 
bowed, and the Deputies retired. 

It had been known among the people that the Deputies 
were to have a communication with the Dukeof Ragusa ; and 
during the conference and for some short time after, though 
the public feeling was intense, the assembled multitude was 
perfectly still, and mixed freely with the troops. As soon, 
however, as Polignac's answer was made known, *Uhat Minis- 
ters would enter into no compromise or concession," war, and 
war to the knife, commenced ; and never were witnessed more 
heroic acts of personal bravery, and more generous disregard 
of selfish feelings, than were displayed by the citizens of Paris 
on this memorable day and night. . " 

The people were induced to maintain their right to the in- 
estimable blessings of a free press, and good government, by 
the only argument to which despotism yields. The drums of 
tlfe National Guard beat ^' to arms!" The populace an- 
swered the call amid the incessant ringing of the tocsin, and 
the struggle began in earnest. — About two o'clock, a cannon, 
on the bridge near the Marche aux Fleurs, raked with grape- 
shot the quay, and the troops were resolutely attacked by the 
people, and several of the guards led off killed or wounded. 
Many unlucky citizens, who ventured into places exposed 
to the. fire, suffered for their temerity. A studious-looking, 
person, quietly walking the quay with folded arms, was 
struck dead by a shot from the other side of the river. At 
the corner of an adjoining street lay an old man, with 
his back to the wall, apparently sleeping composedly in 
the midst ofihe loudest discharges of musketry ; a wound 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 49 

was gaping in his breast, and the blood bubbled up — he was 
dead. 

There was a tremendous fight in La Halle, the great market- 
place of the Rue St. Denis. The Royal Guard were early in 
possession of it. All the outlets were speedily closed by bar- 
ricades, from behind which, from the corners of the various 
streets, and from the windows of the houses, the people blazed 
on the guards, and there was a terrible slaughter on both 
sides. The hottest engagement seems to have been in the 
Rue St. Honore, opposite the Palais Royal, where the military 
were in great force, and the people resisted their assailants 
with desperate determination. 

At the Place de Greve they fiercely contended with the 
mercenaries of the palace, the Swiss Guards, and compelled 
them to fly with great loss. 

But the most obstinate contention was for the possession of 
the Hotel de Ville, the Guildhall of Paris. It was lost and 
won repeatedly in the course of the day. 

Furious engagements took place at the Ports St. Denis and 
St. Martin, in the Rue St. Martin, on the quays, in the Boule- 
vards, and at the Place Vendome. 

In the Rue Montmartre an attack was made by the Duke 
de Ragusa in person. During part of the day the Place des 
Victoires was occupied by some troops, among whom was a 
part of the 5th regiment of the line, who had long gone over 
to the National Guards established at the Petits Peres. About 
two o'clock, the Duke de Ragusa arrived at the Place at the 
head of fresh troops. He drew them up opposite the Rues 
du Mail, des Foss^s^^ontmartre, Croix des Petits Champs, 
and Neuve des Petits Champs. He immediately commanded a 
charge, and on both sides several men were killed or wounded. 
The Marshal directed his troops down the Rue du Mail, and 
scoured the Rue Montmartre without much difliculty till they 
reached the Rue Joquelet, where the people were prepared. 
Each house was armed and guarded. The black flag was 
displayed on the Porte St. Denis and other edifices.. 

For extended particulars recourse must be had to the 
accounts furnished by the letters of persons who were eye- 
witnesses of the conflicts. 

One of these letter-writers says, " I was in town early in the 
morning, and found not only the people armed in considerable 
numbers^ but the National Guard was forming in all quarters.. 
In breaking up this body, the government had forgotten to 
take their arms. The Hotel de Ville was forced and occupied 



60 ANNALS OF THE 



1 

lict tod^^ 



by a party early this day, and the most tremendous conflict 
place between the besieged and a regiment of Swiss and the 
Royal Guard, who occupied the Place de Greve and the Quais. 
Thousands of people poured in their lire on the exposed 
troops. They had armed themselves from the arsenal, which 
had been taken €arly in the morning, and from different guard- 
rooms of the gens-d'armerie and troops, which had been pil- 
laged and burned in the course of the night. The Hotel de 
Ville is riddled with balls^ but was never retaken; — I saw a 
great part of this %ht from the opposite side of the river, 
where I vi^as, au Marche aux Fleurs ; close to me was a de- 
tachment 9f the 5th of the line, who refused to fire. As4;he 
artillery was coming up on my side of the river, to endeavour 
with their cannon to clear the Place de Greve, I crossed over 
by the Pont St, Michael, creeping down along the balustrades 
of the bridge, and luckily got over without mischief. The 
balls whistled over me like hailstones. From thence I was 
obliged to get into the nari-ow streets, where I was repeatedly 
put into requisition to help to build up barricadoes with the 
paving stones, and was sometimes in great danger ; one poor 
devil fell upon me, killed by a ball in the forehead. In walk- 
ing quietly along in front of the grand fagade of the Louvre, 
where there was no fighting, suddenly one of the National 
Guard fell close to me from a shot from the windows of the 
Louvre." 

The annexed statement is from a second letter writer :— -'*At 
an early hour I proceeded to town by the Avenue de Neuilly^ 
and the Champs Elysees, to the neighbourhood of the Tuileriesv 
Every shop was shut, all business was #iat a stand, and from 
distance to distance along the streets numerous groups were 
to be seen in earnest conversation, receiving and communi- 
cating rumours which were every where afloat. Gn reaching 
the Boulevard I saw, for the first time, a single individual step 
out from his house, accoutred with the arms, and dressed in 
the full uniform, of the suppressed National Guard. I could 
not avoid regarding his appearance, in this isolated situation^ 
as an act of boldness and heroism ^ above all Greek-^above 
all Roman fame.' The value of the example was instantly 
appreciated by the groups of the yet unarmed citizens, who 
now studded the streets and Boulevards. At every turn he was 
greeted with the cheering shouts of—' Vive la brave Garde / 
Vive la Garde Nationale!^ It was not long until he was joined 
by others,, who, though less perfectly equipped, were not less 
jealously devoting themselves to the cause of liberty, and ta 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 51 

tlie preservation of the public peace. I had occasion also to 
go to the post-office ; but, on walking up the. Rue de Marche 
St. Honore, 1 observed at the upper end of the market-place, 
through the intervals of the small groups of people who were 
standing in the street, the glancing of arms, and in an instant 
afterward I perceived that the street was stopped up by a party 
of the Royal Guard, who had formed themselves across it. 
By this time I was within less than thirty yards of the front of 
the platoon. A number of individuals, perhaps not more than 
twenty, were still between me and the soldiery ; so unconscious 
was 1 of immediate danger that I heard the word 'feu^ given. 
I saw the line of pieces levelled, but even then, although there 
was no time for flight, the idea of danger did not occur to me, 
from the perfectly quiet and inoffensive appearance of the 
people in the market-place exposed to the fire. My first impres- 
sion on hearing the volley, which was given with the utmost 
precision, and on finding myself untouched, was, that the arms 
of the men had not been shotted, and that the only object of 
the military was to produce intimidation. In another instant, 
however, I was sadly disabused of this too charitable supposi- 
tion. Two men fell close by me, the one gasping jn agony, 
the other quite dead ; and, on looking around me, it was mat- 
ter of great surprise that these two were the only victims of 
this cool-blooded and atrocious piece of violence. With the 
others who escaped I retired into the adjoining booths in the 
^narket-place. The man who w^as killed proved to be a gar- 
dener frequenting the market : the other w^as a stranger ; but, 
as he had staggered a step or two towards the side of the 
street opposite to that to v/hich I had retired, I heard no more 
of him. I must say, however, that if it was the object of those 
who directed the massacre to break down the spirit of the 
people, and to reduce them to a state of abject submission to 
arbitrary power, the purpose, in every instance which I had an 
opportunity of observing, was signally defeated by the very 
measures to which they have themselves had recourse. The 
union and strength of the popular cause, and the known weak- 
ness of the government, every where excited a spirit which 
could not have been overcome even by the temporary triumph 
of the troops, and which, now that it has been attended with a 
greater and a more prompt success than could have been anti- 
cipated, will not, I trust, be abused by any of those violent 
reactions which too often follow a successful popular insur- 
rection. Insurrection, however, is a word which, in the ordi- 
nary sense of the term, can scarcely be applied to a case, like 



52 ANNALS OF THE 

the present, of resistance to actual oppression, and of veti« 
geance on the instruments employed in the slaughter of unof- 
fending citizens. Having failed in my object of proceeding to 
the post-office, I directed my steps towards the prefecture of 
police, for the purpose of endeavouring to procure passports ; 
but on the way I ascertained that that quarter of the town was 
already the scene of a violent struggle, and that the Hotel de 
Ville, which is not far distant, was the leading object of attack 
on the part of the armed populace and the National Guard, 
which had already mustered in considerable numbers. On 
passing through the Place Louis XVI., on my way to the Bar- 
riere, I found it encumbered with troops of all arms. A regi- 
ment of the Guard had just arrived from Versailles : a strong 
park of artillery had taken up its position along the garden 
front of the Tuileries ; and the other parts o^ the place, which 
during the last revolution was distinguished by so many atro- 
cities, was filled with several regiments of cavalry, the men 
having been allowed to dismount, but every one standing by 
his horse's head, prepared on the first word of command to be 
again in his saddle. In place of seeking for by-paths as I 
had formerly done, I now thought it safest to tread my way 
through the middle of the troops, and without any serious im- 
pediment reached Neuilly." 

A letter from another eye-witness is still more descriptive. 
He says, — 

" I hastened at an early hour to the General Post-Office, 
Rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, and I found the building com- 
paratively deserted ; the clerks had not arrived — no one was 
there to conduct the business of the establishment ; all was 
terror and alarm. I had not remained there long before a 
party of the young students of the Ecole Polytechnique arrived, 
armed, and in military order. Some mounted guard, others 
took possession of the Bureaus — all resolved on maintaining 
order and on preventing pillage. When order was established, 
I proceeded to the Place Louis XVI., traversing the Rue Bt. 
Honore, Louvre, and Place du Carousel. At the Palais Royal, 
the people were maintaining a brisk fire against the Royal 
Guards and Lancers. In the Place du Carousel the troops 
were assembled and assembling, and it was every where stated 
that the ministers were assembled at the Tuileries. The gardens 
of the Tuileries were closed. A few infantryrnounted guard. 
Aloilg the quay all was comparative tranquillity. In the Place 
Louis XVI. a party of artillery were stationed, and some troops 
of the line ; there were six pieces of cannon. I proceeded to- 



ilEVOLTjtlON IN FRANCE, 1830. 53 

Wards the hotel of the British ambassador — all shops were closed 
— each man was arming himself; a general slaughter seemed in- 
evitable if the troops remained. Early in the morning, how- 
ever, the 5th regiment of the line went over to the people, and 
afterward fouglit side by side with them. I then proceeded to 
the Boulevard de la Madeline. The people were assembling, 
and with large clubs were destroying all the lanterns or rever 
beres. This they did in order that when night came on they 
might profit by the darkness to fire upon the troops. On the 
Boulevard 1 was run down by a party of gens-d'armes, and 
compelled to take to f!ight. Immediately afterward news ar- 
rived that General Gerard was leading tiie people and two re- 
giments of the line which had gone over to the popular cause, 
and were proceeding to the Place Vendome. The news was 
true. I joined the mob near the Rue Richelieu, and pro- 
ceeded down the Rue de la Paix to the Place Vendome. The 
Place Vendome was in the occupation of the King's troops, 
who fired upon us. Women and children, however, remained 
by our side. No one gave way. All exclaimed, ' Brave 
General Gerard, we will never forsake you V The mass rushed 
on to the Place Vendome— routed the troops— took possession 
of the ammunition—and hoisted the tri-coloured cockade and 
flag. The people then rushed along the Rue St. Honore, to 
attack, by a back street, the hotel of Prince Polignac ; but six 
pieces of loaded cannon stared them in the face^ and for a mo- 
ment the people retired. The noise of the roaring of cannon 
in the direction of the Porte St. iVIartin then attracted attention, 
and all rushed to that spot. Artillery, cavalry, and infantry- 
were there assembled : bat all were ineffectual. I proceeded 
to the Rue St. Martin. Every man was armed. Women 
were occupied with their children in unpaving the streets, and 
carrying the great stones into the houses in order to shower 
down upon and crush the military. Enthusiasm was at its 
highest pitch. The military were routed and dispersed in that 
direction — as also in the direction of the Rue St. Denis, and 
the people became masters of two pieces of cannon. I saw 
upwards of fifty citizens shot within twenty yards of where I 
stood near the port St. Martin, and more than 100 soldiers. 
The Royal Guards were here defeated, and the Swiss cut to 
pieces. When the popular party were victorious in this quar- 
ter, we all rushed to the Hotel de Ville. The brave and ani- 
mated youth of the Polytechnic School were there. The Swiss 
were in possession of the hotel, and hundreds of the citizens 
were slain every half hour. The contest lasted two hours. 

F 



54 ANNALS OF THE 

The people at last entered the hotel, fought manfully, foot 
to foot and hand to hand, against the Swiss troops, in the inte- 
rior of the building, and for a time were masters. But a regi- 
ment of the line arrived ; Lancers, Royal Guards, Artillery, and 
gens-d'armes also presented themselves, and in their turn the 
people wer^ defeated, and at nightfall the Hotel de Ville was 
in possession of the King's troops. At least 700 persons lost 
their Uves on Wednesday in this affair of the Hotel de Vilie. 
Troops now continued to pour in on all sides, and Paris was 
in a state of siege. A provisional goyernment was now an- 
nounced. Geneneral Lafayette and General Gerard put them- 
selves at the head of the National Guard. In less than three 
hours the National Guard mustered 30,000, and had six pieces 
of artillery in their possession." 

M. Collard, one of the combatants on this day, residing on 
the Rue Mortellerie, at the corner of the Place de Greve, re- 
lates, that " about one o'clock in the afternoon, a party of the 
royal guards and of Swiss, to the number of nearly 800 men, 
debouching by the Quay, appeared on the Place de Greve. A 
brisk fire commenced, but the National Guards, not being in 
sufficient strength, were obliged to give ground, and to suffer 
the Royal Guards to take possession of their post. The Royal 
Guards had scarcely made themselves masters of the Hotel de 
Ville, when they were assailed on all sides with a shower of 
bullets from the windows of the houses on the Place de Greve, 
and in the streets abutting on the Quay. The Royal Guards 
resisted vigorously, and killed many more in number than were 
killed of themselves. But still they were dislodged, and di- 
rected a murderous retreat along the quay, their firing by files 
and by platoons succeeding each other with astonishing rapid- 
ity. They were soon joined by fresh troops of the Royal 
Guard and of Swiss, including 100 cuirassiers of the Guard, 
and four pieces of artillery, each of them escorted by a dozen 
artillerymen on horseback. With this terrible reinforcement, 
they again advanced on the Hotel de Ville, and a frightful 
firing began on all sides. The artillery debouching from the 
Quay, and charged with cannister shot, swept the Place de 
Greve in a terrific manner. Mountains of dead bodies covered 
that immense place. They succeeded in driving the citizens 
into the Rues de Matroit and du Mouton, and entered for the 
second time that day into their position at the Hotel de Ville. 
But their possession of it did not continue long ; for they were 
soon again attacked with a perseverance and courage truly 
sublime, and almost irresistible. Their artillery, ranged before 



DEVOLUTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 56 

the Prefecture of the Seine and the Hotel de Ville, threatened 
.death to thousands. The repeated charges of the cuirassiers 
were violent, but the citizens did not give way. Immoveable 
in their position, they expected and received death, with cries 
of " Vive la Libert e ! — Vive la Charte!''^ Their heroic and 
generous efforts proved fatal to many. The heaps of dead bo- 
dies showed the diminution in the numbers of the people. They 
would perhaps have been defeated, had it not been for one of 
those little accidents which sometimes occur in such circum- 
stances, and which decided the victory in their favour. A 
young man, bearing in his hand a tri-coloured flag, advanced 
under a shower of bullets upon the suspended bridge which 
joins the Greve to the Quay of the city, and mounting to the 
fagade of the pillar on the side of the Greve, he there planted 
the national colours. The sight of the flag of liberty reani- 
mated the courage of the brave French. They returned to the 
charge with new ardour. But unfortunately, at the first fire 
of the Guards, the brave young man was struck by one of their 
bullets. He rolled down to the foot of the ladder which he 
had so bravely mounted, and his lifeless body fell into the 
Seine. It was then, that in their rage and courage, forgetting 
every thing but the disaster of their brave brother, the besiegers 
rushed on the assassins, got possession of their artillery, and 
discharged it against them. From that time the victory was 
not doubtful. The cause of liberty had triumphed, but it cost 
the country much noble blood — 1200 having been either killed 
or wounded, of those who had generously taken arms for the 
defence of their liberties and of their country. ^ Grand and 
noble victory!' thy country hath paid dearly for thee. Let us 
hope that the liberty which thou hast acquired for us will not 
again be taken from us. Let us hope that no sacrilegious tyrant 
will again lay his impious hands upon our institutions. The sol- 
diers of the ci'devant king lost on that murderous day about 
600 men, four pieces of artillery, and 40 horses. The house, 
No. 1 of the Place de I'Hotel de Yille, at th^ corner of the Quai 
Pelletier and of the Place de Gr^ve, has been riddled with 
bullets. All the glass has been broken ; the corner and front 
of the house has been beaten down and destroyed by the artil- 
lery of the Prefecture. The house, No. 3, Rue de Mouton, 
have been thrown down under the Port Cochere by the cannon- 
balls. The houses in the vicinitv have also been riddled with 
bullets." 



56 



AKNALS OF THE 



When the Deputies were informed that Polignac refused to 
listen to their proposition, his determination was communicated 
to the inhabitants ; at the same time, they received notice that 
reinforcements of troops were arriving, that hostihties would be 
commenced by the mihtary forthwith, and that, therefore, it 
was indispensable to fortify the houses as quickly and as well 
as possible. This intimation of the unrelenting disposition of 
the heartless government confirmed the people in their resolu- 
tion to win freedom or die in the struggle. Instruments that 
could become weapons of offence were converted to that pur- 
pose. Brickbats and stones were carried into the upper 
rooms, and piled in heaps for hurling on the soldiery, and the 
fiower-pots were devoted to the same end. Paving was ripped 
up and broken with hammers by old men that could not turn 
out, and by the women and children. The gates and doors 
w^ere kept open to afford places of momentary retreat to the 
people from the charges of the military. Bullets were openly 
cast in the shops by the daughters of respectable tradesmen, 
while their fathers were fighting in the streets. These shops 
were ammunition stores ; bullets were given to all that came, 
hot from the moulds ; and the girls went on casting, while their 
wounded friends were brought in and laid on mattresses, previ- 
ously prepared and spread out for the disabled that might need 
succour. 

A little after eleven o'clock, Rothschild's establishment was 
suddenly closed, in consequence of the approach of a body of 
the people, armed and preceded by drums and fifes, marching 
towards the hotel. They assaulted the gates, the porter opened 
them, spoke mildly to the assailants, and they marched away in 
good hmnour. 

About twelve, a body of at least 5000 cavalry were at the 
Palace of Deputies ; there w^as a detachment from these of a 
body of gens-d'armes in pursuit of a crowd of men with blud- 
geons ; they charged them with the fiat of the sword, and 
took aw^ay their sticks. 

At two o'clock, volleys of musketry and a tremendous roar 
of cannon announced that hostilities were raging against the 
armed citizens. 

The sittings of the courts of Justice were broken up. The 
Bourse was shut, and destined for a prison for the disarmed and 
captured military. 

The pupils of the Polytechnic School came among the peo- 
ple, and directed their evolutions. 

Many of the Swiss Guards were exposed to massacre ; for 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 67 

they were thrown upon the mercy of the people. By singular 
mismanagement, they arrived in small detachments of about 
twenty, which were rushed upon and surrounded by crowds of 
200 or 300, who demanded their muskets. They threw them 
into the hands of their victors, who in no instance maltreated 
an individual of this obnoxious force ; but on the contrary, as 
it was necessary to secure them, the people put a long loaf 
under the arm of each prisoner, and marched them alloif to the 
Bourse, which was turned into a place of confinement, and kept 
by the National Guard. 

The people were sometimes destitute of ammunition. Only 
certain shops were licensed to sell gunpowder, and each was 
restricted to a very small stock. Tke little in these places was 
quickly secured, but it was trifling compared with what was 
consumed and wanted. Some was brought from the Polytech- 
nic School by the pupils, and some had been found in the 
guard-houses destroyed the night before. 

The National Guard gradually formed themselves into com- 
panies, and bravely withstood the musketry and bayonet of the 
troops of the palace, and at every opportunity harangued the 
soldiers, exhorting them to remember that they were making 
war on their countrymen. Every individual of the National 
Guard that turned out was a volunteer of the first class in the 
deadly strife for liberty. Their services could not be com- 
manded, and were scarcely expected. Half of the people 
whom they aided were not armed ; they saw men giving their 
bodies and limbs to increase the awful struggle for liberty, and, 
as they had themselves contended for it, they now, although 
disbanded, once more took up arms for the good old cause. 

When the bridges were raked by the cannon, the people re- 
treated to the colonnades, waited till the military came over, ,* 
and enfiladed and fired upon them from behind the pillars and 
recesses. 

On a place, or street, being left clear by the absence of the 
military, the people instantly drilled, and taught the inexperi- 
enced how to fall in, keep in line, wheel to the left and rights 
and march. 

The Rue St. Honore, the Rue Richelieu, and the principal 
scenes of action, were strewed with broken glass. Immense 
quantities of bottles had been thrown from the window^s at the 
military, and served the double purpose of missiles, at the mo- 
ment, against the soldiers, and annoyances to the horses of the 
cavalry. 

So early as ten in the morning, shots were beginning to be 

F2 



58 ANNALS OF THE 

frequent ; a symptom of open war, on the part of the peopte, 
showed itself in a bonfire at the end of the Rue St. Denis, 
made of the window-shutters of the printer of a journal of the 
Court. The National Guard, in an old uniform of blue, with 
red facings, belts once white, but now tawny, and rusty fire- 
locks, were cheered heartily with the cry, " Vivela Garde Na- 
tionale .'" One or two, by their awkward manner of carrying 
their muskets, or by iosin-g their caps, too big for the heads 
they surmounted, excited also the mirth of the people. They 
were repairing towards the Hotel de Ville, which, during the 
day, was taken and retaken more than once, and on each at- 
tack was vigorously assailed, and as stoutly maintained. The 
fire of the defenders, from the upper parts of the building, was 
sharp end loud on the air ; while the deeper boom ! boom 1 of 
the cannon thundered from below. The fa9ade, and the front 
of the opposite houses, particularly one at the extremity of the 
Rue la Vannerie, attest, by many a star, the fierceness of the 
engagements. The ports St. Martin and St. Denis, the Rue 
St. Honore, &.c. bear the like honourable testimony to the va- 
lour of the people. 

The 5th regiment were ordered '' to make ready I" to 
fire on the people on the Boulevard. They obeyed the 
order, and waited for the word " present l" It was given, and 
they turned their pieces on their colonel, waiting for singu- 
lar coolness for the wojd ^' fire !" He is said to have imme- 
diately broken his sword upon his knee, torn off" his epaulets, 
and i;etired. The people threw themselves into the arms of 
the soldiers, who received their embrace, but maintained their 
position. ^' Vive la Ligne /" was afterward a constant excla- 
mation with the people. 

When the cavalry of the Guard charged for the first time, an 
officer belonging to a squadron cried out to the people, with 
tears in his eyes, '' For the love of God, in the name of Heaven, 
go to your homes 1" When the Gardes du corps were ordered 
to fire from their hotel on the Quay Orsai, they must have le- 
velled their pieces above the heads of the people ; for no indi- 
vidual fell or was wounded. In the streets they appeared to 
feel they were on a grievous duty. They were no way elated, 
but seemed filled with gloomy anticipations of the issue. In 
action they spared many of the people. Most of the station 
houses of the"gens-d*armerie were burned. The Guards within 
usually submitted to the summons of the people, and withdrew 
quietly. 

Parties of the 15th regiment went at quick march through 

-1^ 



, HEVOLtTION IN FRATs-CE, 103O. 59 

the streets, and were every where greeted with acclamations of 
" Vive la Ligne !" As far as the observation of an eye-witness ex- 
tended, the duties of the line on this day were purely passive. 
Detaciiments were posted in different places ; and a soldier was 
occasionally led off, struck by a chance shot. They stood quietly 
where they were drawn up, gently keeping back the people 
whose curiosity was pushing them too far for their safety, arid 
complaining to the citizens who stood near of the hardship of re- 
maining drawn up, under a hot sun, without meat or drink the 
live-long day. Their officers looked pensive, and, at every 
louder report of firearms, shrugged their shoulders and cast up 
their eyes. 

Detachments of the Royal Guard and of the Swiss posted 
themselves at corners, where they were out of the reach of the 
citizens' fire, and, advancing by turns, fired down the street at 
any living object perceptible. The people, in like manner, 
took their opportunities from windows, doorways, and projec- 
tions. It was certainly a blunder to bring the cavalry into 
narrow streets. The armed populace lined the windows of 
every house, and carried destruction into the ranks of the cui- 
rassiers and lancers. 

The lancers of the Guard were true pretorian troops. Their 
ferocity was unsparing, and they were marked out by the peo- 
ple as objects of especial attack. The loss of the cuirassiers 
and lancers was consequently very great. They were assailed 
with every hurtful missile that could be procured. Several of 
the cuirassiers were dreadfully burned by aquafortis, thrown on 
them from the windows by the infuriated relatives of citizens 
whom they were charging in the streets. 

It was reported that the Garde Royale and the Swiss had re- 
ceived a gratuity from the court often francs each in the morn- 
ing. On the bodies of these soldiers, when slain, was found 
more money than privates could command in ordinary times. 



Bravery and mercy were characteristic of tlie noble people 
throughout the day. The firm stand was made, and the gal- 
lant fight was fought, by the artisans, the workmen, the " un- 
washed artificers," — men derided by gentry whose 



noble blood, 

Had crept through scoundrels ever since the flood. 

There were women, too, that hazarded their lives ; and, be- 
sides the brave youth of the Polytechnic school, boys joined in 
the struggle, and fought with their fathers. Mothers of lion 

# ■ 



60 AlJ^NALS OF Tim 

hearts, equipped, and sent forth their sons to battle. A cou- 
rageous stripling, distinguished l)y remarkable deeds, proved, 
when the fight was over, to be a female. Prodigies of valour 
were performed by a woman armed with a brace of pistols. 

A boy of ten, with folded arm?^, and pistol, quietly waited for 
an officer of the ferocious lancers of the Guard ; and, at the mo- 
ment he came up, shot him dead upon the spot. Another lad, 
on the approach of some gens-d'armes, dived under the horse 
of the foremost, and as he came up turned round, took aim at 
his man, and brought him to the earth. A third boy, a mere 
child in appearance, crept under the horses of a troop of ca- 
valry, till he found room to get up between two ; he then rose 
with a pistol in each hand, stretched out his arms, shot the man 
on each side, and escaped undetected. At the suspension 
bridge, at the Place de Greve, a brave youth said to the armed 
citizens, " We must cross this bridge — I will set the example. 
If I die, remember, my name is Arcole." Saying these words 
he started. He had scarcely reached the middle of the bridge 
when he fell, pierced by countless musket-balls. The witnesses 
of his heroism, retained his name, and the bridge which was 
the theatre of his sublime devotedness, is now called the 
" Bridge of Arcole." 

An American captain, who lodged at a hotel in the Rue 
Rjchelieu, saw, from his window, what, he says, if it had been 
related to him, he could not have credited. A body of the 
Swiss Guards were drawn up in close column. One of the peo- 
ple coolly stationed himself at the corner of a barricade, loaded 
and discharged his rifle eighteen times, at each fire killed his 
man, and then retreated, apparently for want of ammunition. 

M. Staffel, a nativeof Alsace, a boot-maker, residing in Pas- 
sage du Seumon, who was arrested for having taken too active 
a part in the troubles which accompanied the expulsion of M. 
Manuel, fought with great courage. He, with others, contri- 
buted to disarm ten men of the Royal Guard, whom he after- 
ward saved from being massacred. 

Among the citizens who were sheltered behind the streets 
St. Germaine I'Auxerrois, de la Sonnerie, and de Veau qui 
Tete, a young man of the faubourgs, armed with a good mus- 
ket, but never having handled one before in his life, was very 
much embarrassed how to-use it. A brave soldier of the old 
army, M. Gorgot, ancient director of military hospitals, resid- 
ing at No. 17 Rue de Ponceau, entreated the young man to 
lend him his piece for a few moments, and retired behind the 
corner of the Cafe Secretain, Suddenly a column of Swiss de- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. Gi 

bouched upon tlie Place de Cliatelet, on which our brave sol- 
dier presented, fired, and a Swiss fell. The whole column fired 
on liim. He retreated behind the house, reloaded his piece, 
came out again, and fired a second shot with the same success, 
in spite of the shower of balls with which he was assailed. Se- 
veral armed citizens, to about the number of sixty, followed 
his example. The Swiss column was terrified, wheeled round, 
and retired in disorder, leaving the place covered with their 
slain. 

When the fire of a piece of cannon was causing great car- 
nage among the crowd in the Rue Planche-Mibray, one of the 
brave people cried out, ^' Who will come with me and take that 
piece ? — I will only have men who are unarmed." Followed 
by eight or ten men, he rushed forward, and a bullet reached 
him just as he was about to obtain his object. His comrades 
dispersed, but the wounded man got up, and was conducted to 
a neighbouring temporary hospital, which had been established 
at the house of the commissary of police. M. d'Estree, a skil- 
ful surgeon, who passed three days in alternately fighting and at- 
tending to the wounded, extracted the ball, and, through his care, 
the courageous fellow was enabled to go out again. '* Cow- 
ards," cried he, " you have abandoned me just at the time 
when the cannon would have been ours. Follow me, and re- 
pair your disgrace." He went forth again, exposed himself to 
the fire of the piece, and in about Rve minutes it was in his pos- 
session. It was then seven o'clock. Twelve hours afterward 
this undaunted patriot expired at a few paces from the scene 
of his courageous exploit. He belonged to the class of " the 
people." 



As soon as the terrible conflicts had subsided, and the mili- 
tary had withdrawn, the people were in security, and made in- 
stant preparations for the next day by strengthening the barri- 
cades and increasing their number. They were assisted by 
women and even children. The remainder of the afternoon and 
evening, and the whole of the night, was spent in raising these 
important obstructions to the evolutions of cavalry. Excellent 
materials were at hand in the paving-stones, which in Paris are 
squared to about the thickness of a foot cube. They were dug 
up and piled across the streets in walls breast-high, and four or 
five feet thick. These walls were about fifty paces distant from 
each other. Hundreds of the finest trees were cut down for 
blockades. Nothiag could be more eflTective for the defence 
of a large open town like Paris, traversed in every direction by 



62 ANNALS OF THE 

long narrow streets, overlooked by houses of six, seven, and 
eight stories, than such barriers scientifically constructed. 
All the means that industry and ingenuity could devise in so 
short a time, were carried into execution, for the energetic stand 
and assault determined to be made against the military in the 
morning. During the evening the boulevards, usually so gay, 
presented a curious scene of desolation. Numbers of fine trees 
were thrown across the road, and formed green barricades, at 
short intervals. Fiacres and diligences contributed to fill up 
Mhe gaps. The Messageries Royales, and those of Lafitte, 
Gaillard, and Co., were never before so honourably employed. 
In their eagerness for materials to canstruct barricades, the peo- 
ple assailed the gates of the Palace of Justice, and lowered and 
carried them off, for barriers to obstruct the ca?alry. Not a 
single lamp gave its light in support of the fading day — a lamp, 
indeed, was nowhere extant in Paris, all had been demolished 
the preceding night — and the cafes, in happy times brilliant 
with reflected lustres, were closely bolted and barred. No man 
wanted news where each was a minister and creator of news. 



During the day, in the intervals between the conflicts, the 
inhabitants not engaged in them stood at their doors with fold- 
ed arms and pale faces, listening to the repeated bursts of 
firearms and explosions of artillery, that seemed to threaten the 
destruction of the city. Occasionally an honest man, with a 
musket on his shoulder, was heard indignantly exclaiming, 
'* Three days ago, and alt was peace ; we had trade, com- 
merce, security ; the elections over, the Chambers on the point 
of meeting, every where obedience to government : and now — " 
the loud roar of a cannon filled up the pause, and answered 
more emphatically than words. 

Many of the people lost their lives by impetuously rushing 
in multitudes to attack the military. Those that were behind 
furiously pushed on^ pell mell^ and those in front that fell either 
wounded, or from stumbling, could never rise again. This 
was the case especially in a terrible engagement near the 
church Madelaine. When it was over, there was a mound of 
150 bodies of the people, many of whom fell, probably, from 
losing their foothold, and were trampled to death. They had 
been fought over, and formed a rampart which their comrades 
unconsciously mounted in their eager assaults against the com- 
mon enemy. It was the finest weather of July, the heat of 
the sun was great, and the combatants had fallen at the height 



REVOLtJTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 03 

of physical excitement. In two hours from the end of the en- 
gagement the bodies in this barrier exhibited signs of rapid 
decomposition, and became, within that short space, of a grass- 
green colour. During the night all signs of this carnage had 
disappeared. The bodies had been carried off and buried, 
and the place washed down ; in the morning a stranger could 
not have imagined that twelve hours before it had been a 
stage of sanguinary slaughter. 

Lady Stuart de Rothesay left Paris. This thoroughly 
alarmed the English, and they were eager to follow her, but 
the bureaus were closed, and no passports were issued. As 
many as could took their departure without passports, having 
been first stopped and made to cry '^ Vive la CkarteP^ by the 
people, who tore off the fieurs de lis from the dresses of the 
postillions. 

It was the policy of the government — if the misrule of 
CJiarles X. could be called government — to prevent intelli- 
gence of the insurrection in the metropolis from being known 
in the provinces, and orders w^ere issued that ^he mails should 
not be allowed to pass the barriers. A regiment that went 
over to the people took charge of the London mail, and ef- 
fected its departure. 

On the termination of the conflicts to-day, there was scarcely 
a street in the centre of Paris in which the gutters were not 
running with blood. 

In the palace of St. Cloud, whence they could see the 
flames arise, and hear the roar of the cannon, the volleys of the 
musketry, and almost the cries of the wounded and the groans 
of the dying, Charles X. and his attendant minions regulated 
the scenes of the bloody drama acting by their order. 

At midnight, the tocsins swung alarm from every steeple in 
Paris, and the cry " to arms !" w^as universal. 



THURSDAY, JULY 29. 

During the night the military were inactive, and this inter- 
val was employed in constructing barricades and making pre- 
parations for an awful strife. 

At three o'clock this morning M. Mangin, the prefect of 
police, quitted Paris, almost out of his senses. 



§4 ANNALS OF THE 

At daybreak the tocmn sounded '* To arms!" and the 
people began to assemble rapidly and in great crowds. The 
military, whose guard-houses had been destroyed, were chiefly 
quartered at the Louvre and the Tuileries. The Swiss and 
the Royal Guards were chiefly posted in the houses of the Rue 
St. Honore and the adjacent streets. 

The brave National Guards assembled on the boulevards, in 
the Place de Greve, and in other places, with the certainty of 
death if defeated. At the same time, the students of the Poly- 
technic School joined the citizens nearly ^to a man ; tbej 
then separated, proceeding singly to different parts to take the 
command of the people, and nobly repaid the confidence re- 
posed in them. 

In the Rue Richelieu, and all the neighbourhood of the Rue 
St. Honore, the parties were en face. The 3d regiment of 
Guards maintained the appearance of determination to fight. 
The people were accumulating frightfully. Not a word was 
spoken. The garden of the Tuileries was closed. In the 
Place du Carousel were three squadrons of Lancers of the 
Garde Royale, a battalion of the 3d regiment of the Gardcj and 
a battery of six pieces, also of the Garde. The Tuileries and 
Louvre were occupied by a regiment of Swiss Guards. A . 
few were eating their breakfast ; all the rest was on the quivive, 1 
ready to mount or fall in. 

In an hour an immense force was brought to bear on several 
points. The Hotel de Ville was attacked, carried, and be- 
came the point d'appuL The depot of artillery in the Rue du 
Bac (St. Thomas d'Aquin) was also carried, and the cannon 
carried ofl*to the most important points, and worked with amaz- 
ing coolness and effect by those heroic youths. 

At M. Lafitte's were assembled the greater part of the de- 
puties then at Paris. They were making arrangements of the 
greatest importance. General de la Fayette was proclaimed 
Commandant-General of the National Guard. This venerable 
and consistent adherent to liberty from his earliest years had 
received the command the evening before, and he issued the 
following announcement : — 

Staff op the National Guard. 

** General Lafayette announces to the Mayor and members 
of the different arrondissements, that he has accepted the Com- 
mand-in-chief of the National Guard, which has been offered 
to him by the voice of the public, and which has just been 
unanimously conferred upon him by the Deputies now assem- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 65 

bled at the house of M. Lafitte. He invites the Mayor and 
Municipal Committees of each arrondissement to send an offi- 
cer to receive the orders of the General, at the Town Hotel, 
to which he is now proceeding, and to wait for him there. 
" By order of General Lafayette, 
*' Member of the Constitutional Municipal 
Committee of the City of Paris," 
" Lafitte. 
" Casimir Perrier. 
"General Gerard. 

<' LOBAU. 

'« Odier." 

Lieutenant-General Count Gerard was appointed Command- 
ant-General of the regular forces of the nation. 

The institution of a Provisional Government was indispens- 
able. A municipal commission was to watch over the com- 
mon interests in the entire absence of a regular organization. 
Messrs. Audry de Puiraveau, Comte Gerard, Jacques 
Lafitte, Comte de Lobau, Manguin, Odier, Casimir Per- 
rier, and De Schonen, composed this Commission. 

A body of armed citizens were in v/ant of a leader. M. 
Evariste Dumoulin immediately proceeded to the house of 
General Dubourg, to propose to him to take the command. 
^^^I have just arrived from the country," said the General, 
"and have no uniform here." *' You shall soon have one," 
^ was the reply. In a quarter of an hour a uniform was brought. 
The General, with a party which augmented every instant, 
marched to the Place de la Bourse. There General Dubourg 
delivered aii harangue, and marched with his corps of citizens 
for the Hotel de Yille. It was already in possession of the na- 
tional troops, and General Dubourg entered. M. Dumoulin 
went immediately to M. Lafitte's, where the deputies were as- 
sembled, to make known these proceedings, and General La- 
fayette immediately set out at the head of the National Guards, 
and amid universal acclamations, to the Hotel de Ville, where 
he was installed in his functions. General Dubourg was ap- 
pointed to command at the Bourse. 

In the course of the proceedings to-day there appeared the 
following 



G 



66 AlSfTS^ALS OF THE 

Proclamation. 

*' The Authorities who derived their title from the Char- 
ter have torn it to pieces, pronounced their own condemna- 
tion, and abandoned all their posts ; all good citizens have 
now only to follow the dictates of their own courage and con- 
science. The people have taken up arms ; they have main- 
tained order, and are on the point of reconquering all their 
rights ; but organization is still called for in every direction. 
To obtain it, it is earnestly desired — 

*' 1. That the Deputies of the departments assembled at 
Paris will immediately proceed to the Hotel de Ville, which is 
become the centre of organization, there to consult on the 
measures to be taken. 

'« 2. That the mayors of Paris do immediately repair to their 
respective mayorahies, to wait the instructions that will be sent 
to them for the maintenance of order, and the defence of per- 
sons and property. 

'' 3. That each of the mayors will send one of his deputies to 
the Hotel de Ville, to join in forming a commission to delibe- 
rate upon the interests of Paris. 

^* 4. The members of the definitive bureaus of the colleges 
of Paris at the last elections will meet at the chief places of 
their respective mayoralties, to form together with the mayors 
,a permanent council. 

" 5. The Deputies of Paris are specially invited, in the name 
of the duties imposed upon them by their nomination by their 
fellow-citizens, to proceed immediately to the Hotel de Ville. 

"6. All persons employed at the prefecture are required to 
repair to their posts to execute the orders of their superiors. 

'* 7. The legions of the National Guards will muster in their 
respective arrondissements, in order that they may, by the 
usual measures, protect persons and property. 

^' For the Provisional Government. 
'« Hotel de Ville, '^ J. BAUD. 

*' July 29. 

" By order of Gen. DUBOURG. 
« Colonel ZIMMER." 

'* A true copy, 

"BiERRE, elector of the lltharrondissement." 

The Provisional Government sat at the Hotel de Ville, and 
resolved, 1st. To hoist the national colours ; 2d. To defend 
Paris ; 3d. To dethrone Charles X. ; 4th. To perpetuate a 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 67 

constitutional monarchy ; 5th. To appoint the Duke of Or- 
leans Lieutenant-General of the kingdom ; and, 6th. To as- 
semble the Chambers on the 3d of August. 

The Provisional Government made the following appoint- 
ments, viz. : — 

GuizoT, Public Instruction. 

General Gerard, Minister of War. 

Sebastiani, Minister of Foreign Affairs. 

Duke of Broglio, Minister of the Interior. 

Vice-admiral Truguet, Minister of Marine. 

Baron Louis, Minister of the Finances. 

DupiN, sen., the Seals. 

Bavoux, Prefect of the Police. 

Chardel, Director of the Post-office. 

Alexandre Laborde, Prefect of the Seine. 



General Lafayette, who had been in arms for the independ- 
ence of America, and in arms for the liberty of France in the 
Revolution of 1789, now — again in arms for the freedom of 
his beloved country — issued the following 

"ORDERS OF THE DAY. 



*' The General commanding in chief, on issuing this his 
first Order of the Day, cannot refrain from expressing his ad- 
miration of the patriotic, courageous, and devoted conduct of 
the population of Paris. They won their freedom in 1789, 
and France will owe them the same obligation in 1830. The 
commandant-in-chief considers it a cause for great satisfaction, 
to the capital and himself, that he is aided by the co-operation 
and counsel of General Gerard, whose name alone promises 
every thing for France, and for all Europe, but towards whom 
the General-in-chief feels bound to express his personal grati- 
tude for his conduct towards his old friend on this important 
occasion. The generous conduct of the citizens of the ca- 
pital is a sufficient guarantee that they will maintain that which 
they have conquered, but the necessary repose must be united 
with the noble efforts which the country and the cause of 
liberty still require from them. The Commandant-in-chief is 
therefore occupied in regulating the duty in such manner that 



68 ANNALS OF THE 

a part only of the citizens need be under arms on each day. 
Orders in this respect will be published. 

" My dear Fellow-Citizens and Brave Comrades, 

" The confidence of the people of Paris has once more 
called me to the command of the public forces. I accept with 
devotedness and joy the duties intrusted to me, and, as in 178&, 
I feel myself strongly supported by the approbation of my ho- 
nourable colleagues now in Paris. I make no profession of my 
principles — they are already well known. The conduct of the 
population of Paris during the last days of trial has made me 
still more than ever proud of being at their head. Liberty 
shall triumph, or we will all perish together. 

Vive la Libert^! Vive la Patrie! 

^* July 29. '* LAFAYETTE, 

IL 

" The National Guards of Paris are re-established. 

'* The colonels and officers are invited to re-organize imme- 
diately the service of the National Guards. The sub-officers 
and privates should be ready to muster at the first beat of the 
drum. In the mean time, they are requested to meet at the 
residences of the officers and sub-officers of their former com- 
panies, and enter their names upon the roll. It is important 
to re-establish good order, and the Municipal Commission of 
Paris rely upon the accustomed zeal of the National Guards 
in favour of liberty and public order. The colonels, or, in their 
absence, the chiefs of battalions, are requested to present 
themselves immediately at the Hotel de Yille, to consult upon 
the first steps to be taken for the good of the service. This 
29th of July, 1830. ''LAFAYETTE. 

" A true copy, &c., Zimmer.'* 

While the authorities were deliberatingj a letter was de- 
livered to General Gerard from the commander of one of the 
regiments of the garrison of Paris, stating that, if the General 
would send a Colonel, the regiment would obey his orders. 
The General immediately sent one of his aids-de-camp, who 
took the command of the regiment. The same happened with 
another corps. General Gerard took the command of both> 
and in an energetic speech thanked them for preferring their 
country, and real military honourj above all things. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 69 

General Dubourg was elected .General of the National 
Guard at Paris, and issued the following Address :•— 

- *> 

" Citizens, — 

'* You have elected me, by universal accord, to be your 
General, and I trust to prove myself worthy of the choice of 
the National Guard of Paris. We fight for our laws and our 
liberties : — citizens, the triumph is certain. 

"I engage to respect the orders of those who have been 
placed over you, and to obey them implicitly. 

" The troops of the line have already joined us, and those of 
the guard are ready to give their adhesion. The traitors who 
have excited a civil war, and who believed themselves able to 
massacre the people with impunity, shall be compelled to ren- 
der an account, before the tribunals, of their violation of the 
laws and of their bloody conspiracy. 

'' he General DUBOURG. 

" Paris, July 29. — At the head-quarters of I'Hotel de Ville. 

" The general rendezvous is at T Hotel de Ville. Whave 
powder." 

The Deputies, availing themselves of the popularity of La- 
fayette, addressed the people of Paris in a proclamation com- 
mencing with his heart-stirring name. 

PROCLAMATION OF THE DEPUTIES. 

" Head' Quarters of the National Guards of Paris. 

<^ General Lafayette has been to-day, as he was in 1789, 
nominated General-in-chief of the National Guards. Count 
Alexander de la Borde, one of the deputies^ resumes his func- 
tions as Chief of the Staff, M. Audray de Puyraveau, merchant, 
another deputy, has been appointed by the General-in-chief to 
be his first aid-de-camp. To Arms ! To Arms ! Brave Citi- 
zens of Paris 1 To Arms, ye National Guards ! We call 
upon you in the name of the nation. The women are invited 
to make up tri-coloured cockades, the only national colour. 

''Brave Citizens of Paris, — Your conduct during these 
days of disaster is above all praise. While Charles X. aban- 
doned his capital, and gave you up to gens-d'armes and Swiss, 
you defended your homes with a courage truly heroic. Let 
us but persevere and redouble our ardour, — let us but put forth a 
few more efforts, and your enemies will be overcome. A general 

G2 



70 ANNALS 0-F -TnH 

panic has already taken possession of them. We have stopped 
the courier they had despatched to Dijon for reinforcements, 
and to recommend the Dutchess d'Angouleme not to return. 
A Provisional Government is established ; three most honour- 
able citizens have undertaken its important functions. These 
are Messrs. Lafayette, Choiseul, and Gerard, in whom you will 
find courage, firmness, and prudence. This day will put an 
end to all your anxieties^ and crown you with glory. 

(Signed) ^* Les Deputies i>e la France." 

« July 29. 

Other addresses and proclamations were issued by the pro- 
visional government and its functionaries. The Bourse was 
made a state prison and hospital. The large place in front 
of the Bourse was the depot of arms for the people and the 
rallying point. General Dubourg's exertions, at that post, were 
unremitting. 

Meanwhile the youths of the Polytechnic School took com- 
mand of the artillery and directed the movements of the peo- 
ple. Lads of fifteen commanded regiments of men of forty, 
fifty, and sixty years of age, and they obeyed those well-disci- 
plined and brave boys with all the eagerness and submission 
which a royal army would display towards an ancient general. 
They mustered their forces on the Place de la Bourse, and set 
off for the Place de Greve : they were greeted in all the nar- 
row, dirty, little streets, bv shouts of " Vivent les Bourgeois I" 
" Vive le Liberte !" " ViVe la Charte 1" 

The National Guard, at the head of a body of citizens, marched 
to dislodge the Swiss nd Royal Guards, in the Rue de Richelieu^ 
and the Rue St. Honore. It proceded— -greatly surprised by not 
seeing any troops. It reached the theatre Francais, and not a sol- 
dier appeared. Suddenly,the windows of the houses opposite the 
theatre, and consequently behind the detachment, were thrown 
open, and three or four Swiss stationed at each window com- 
menced a murderous fire. The number of the dead and the 
wounded increased with frightful rapidity, and the front of the 
theatre was covered with dead bodies. The citizens, receding 
behind the pillars of the theatre, took every possible position 
for continuing the assault with success. x\t the end of an 
hour the besieged capitulated. They were made prisoners, 
amounting to about 40 soldiers and officers, and among them 
a captain of the Royal Guard. The people marched their 
prisoners to the Place de la Bourse ; but those who had fami- 
lies were allowed to go and dine with them, upon giving a pro- 
mise to return again in the evening. 



- REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 71 

The neighbourhood of the Hotel de Ville was the theatre of 
a dreadful conflict. The people occupied the Quay Pelletier 
and the Place de Greve. After a most sanguinary struggle 
they were slowly beaten from the Quay into the Place de 
Greve, which, with the Hotel de Ville, they maintained with un- 
expected heroism. 

At the Place de Greve thousands of the finest troops 
in the world found themselves engaged with citizens vari- 
ously armed. Here a small party of elderly National Guards, 
with a courage only equalled by that of the beardless students of 
the Polytechnic School, opened their fire on the Garde Royale 
— horse and foot, and artillery, French and Swiss — taking es- 
pecial care to avoid injuring the regiments of the line, who 
remained grave spectators of the slaughter that ensued. The 
Royal Guard attacked the pupils of the Polytechnic School, 
in order to carry off their cannon, the latter perceiving the 
fault committed by the Guard in attacking them in front, in- 
stead of endeavouring to make a diversion on their flanks, 
cried out, '^ they don't know their trade — we shall defeat 
them.'' — The end verified their assertion : — they were the vic- 
tors after a dreadful carnage. 

In another direction were the people of the Fauxbourg St. 
Aritoine and Marceau, desperately fighting with pikes, or other 
less oflfensive weapons — thousands of women and unarmed 
people looking on and encouraging the citizens. 

The people were fired upon from the windows of the Archbi- 
shop's palace. They attacked it, and finding in the state apart- 
ment a stand of arms, with gunpowder, they destroyed all the 
furniture, except what they threw into the Seine, or sent to the 
Hotel Dieu for the accommodation of the wounded. Much of 
the plate followed the furniture into the river ; part of it was 
recovered and lodged in the Hotel de Ville. The people would 
not allow pillage. Two or three men detected in plunder- 
ing were shot upon the spot. 

At a very early hour this morning the Swiss were posted to 
defend the Louvre. Three of them were placed behind each 
of the double columns on the first floor, and others at different 
parts of the palace, whence they could fire in security. The 
people resumed the breaking up of the pavement in the streets 
contiguous. At half-past four, at the extremity of the Rue des 
Poulies, a narrow short street leading from the Rue St, Honore, 
the people were forming a barrier with the paving-stones on the 
left of the Louvre. Upon this point a fire was commenced by the 
Swiss, and kept up for several hours, without intermission, dur- 



72 ANNALS OF THE 

ing the whole progress of its erection. Shots from a window 
of the house next the spot divided the attention of the Swiss; 
but many of the populace fell. One, after he had received his 
death wound, shrieked out to his associates, '* Vive la Nation /" 
and instantly dropped upon the stones at which he was at 
work. This event drew forth loud shouts of vengeance from his 
companions, and seemed to make a momentary impression on 
the royal troops. When the barrier was completed, the people 
began a brisk fire from their intrenchment, and the assault and 
defence were obstinately maintained. 

The attack on the Louvre was from three points — on the side 
of the grand front, opposite the Pont des Arts, and at the en- 
trance of the Carousel on the quay side. A body of the Swiss 
near the Rue de Coq, commanded the Louvre, and were en- 
gaged with the people. The officer of this detachment, and 
M. Duval Lacamus on behalf of the people, agreed to observe 
a truce for an hour. While these gentlemen were conversing 
together, a public functionary pointed his musket and .^as 
going to fire. The officer reproved him severely, and ordered 
his soldiers to carry him to the guard-houae. 

The truce having come to an end, the attack was renewed, 
and the fire on each side fiercely kept up. In the heat of the 
assault two of the assailants climbed the barrier, and springing 
forward, gained the iron railings enclosing the front of the 
Louvre, where there is a dwarf wall, about two feet and a half 
high^ under which they lay down, and began to fire upon the 
troops. They were followed by two of the National Guard. 
One of them carried a large tri-coloured flag, with which he 
contrived to crawl to a water-butt standing close to the railing, 
and from behind it he managed to place the flag, with his gun 
and bayonet, on the railing of the Louvre. This courageous 
act was hailed with reiterated cries of *' Vivela Nation /" and 
the example was followed by others ; and thus the assailants 
were protected by a double intrenchment, and continued the 
assault with increased energy. A young man daringly climbed 
the gate, and forced it open. About 200 of his fellow-assailants 
detached themselves, and passed it in the face of heavy volleys 
of musketry. The main body soon rushed after them ; the 
greater part of the Swiss fled to the Tuileries, and in a few 
minutes the Louvre was in the possession of thousands of 
the people, afid the tri-coloured flag flying from its win- 
dows. The Swiss that surrendered were marched prisoners 
to the Bourse. 

A body of 5000 or 6000 people assailbd the Tuileries ; 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 73 

they had to combat two regiments of the Royal Guards 
posted in the Garden of the Infants, and three strong de- 
tachments of Lancers, Cuirassiers, and Foot Grenadiers, occu- 
pying the Carousel, supported by a reserve of Artillery planted 
in the Garden of the Tuileries. The attack commenced in 
the Garden of the Infants. The Royal Guards permitted the 
first assailants to approach, and there the contest ended almost 
as soon as it was begun, by the slaughter of the front rank. 
Almost at the same instant, fresh assailants drove back the de- 
fenders of this important post. In the midst of a constantly roll- 
ing fire the iron railings were broken doivn. This, vi^hich in the 
end rendered the people masters of the Tuileries, was effected 
with extraordinary resolution and rapidity. Still resistance was 
offered with bloody obstinacy on other points, particularly the 
Pavilion of Flora, from which a constant firing had been kept 
up from seven in the morning upon the Pont Royal, and many 
were killed. Musket-shots, from the apartments of the Dutchess 
of Angouleme, were fired without cessation. As soon, there- 
fore, as the Pavilion of Flora was taken, every article of furni- 
ture, and thousands of scattered papers, among which were pro- 
clamations to the troops to stimulate them against the citizensj 
were thrown out of the windows. Twice the Palace of the 
Tuileries was taken and abandoned, but the citizens were 
finally victorious, and two tri-coloured flags were planted on 
the central pavilion. Except the destruction of the furniture 
above mentioned, little excess was committed. Arms, of 
course, were eagerly seized wherever found, but the only tro- 
phy carried off by the victors was a very richly ornamented 
sword, said to belong to the Duke of Ragusa. 

It was by a breach in the beautiful exterior railing of the pa- 
lace of the Tuileries that the people entered on the Rue Rivoli 
side: the damage to it did not extend beyond twenty feet, 
which was of necessity broken down. 

An ensign, who presented himself in the Place de Carousel, 
when the attack was going to commence, advanced in ordi- 
nary time up to the triumphal arch, without a single retrograde 
motion, although more than a thousand musket-shots were 
fired at him from the Castle. He then intrenched himself be- 
hind the arch, where he kept his ground until the Castle was 
taken by the Parisians. 

One of the first of the people that entered the palace through 
the Pavilion of Flora (from the windows of which part th6 
fire had been tremendous, and the people had suffered the most) 
found himself with tw^o Swiss, and a hand-in-hand struggle en-* 



74 ANNALS OJP THE 

sued. The crowd rushed in, and the three were precipitated 
through the window, but none of them was hurt. 

An Englishman, who came up just after the people had 
taken the palace, succeeded in gaining entrance, and relates as 
follows :■ — 

"A flight of papers from the windows of the Tuileries 
that look on the bridge showed that the sanctuary of Majesty 
was in the act of being invaded. The gate of the garden was 
open. I ventured in with the rest. The smashing of glass and 
window-panes gave me to fear that the work of destruction 
was beginning. At last I found myself in the hall of the 
Tuileries. — Men, armed and unarmed, were rapidly ascending 
the staircase. I stood hesitating ; the troops had just retired 
hastily to the Champs Elysees and some were still firing on 
the besiegers at one corner of the Carousel. It was hke ven- 
turing into the lion's den with a possibility of his return. A 
young Frenchman passed me, saying aloud, that it was an oc- 
casion not to be let slip. I thought so, too, and mounted with 
the rest. I beheld vast and magnificent rooms, to which the 
grandest apartments of new- furnished Windsor are not compa- 
rable, trod by men armed and unarmed, artisans, simple blue- 
frocked peasants, who had never, except as workmen, perhaps, 
set foot on floors parquetes and cir^s before. The most pri- 
vate recesses of royalty were laid open to the vulgar gaze. I 
observed a party curiously examining the toilette- table of a 
splendid bed-chamber, understood to be that of the Dutchess 
de Berri. Her perfumed soaps were submitted in turn to sun- 
dry noses, and the other particulars of a lady's toilette were 
scrutinized, with various reflections. The state-bed, with its 
rich silken draperies, was gazed on by profane eyes, and 
touched by profane hands. In my progress through the apart- 
ments, I remarked the originals of several well-known prints. 
There was Louis Seize distributing alms on a winter's day, on 
one side of the room, and on the other, gazing on a map of the 
world. There, too, was Louis Dix-huit, a crafty old gentleman, 
reposing in his arm-chair, and looking at once, as a soldier 
termed him to an English party, in 1814, ' both the pere and the 
mere of his people.' These were portraits that awakened no 
animosity^ But in the Salle des Marechaux, one portrait — 
only one — was no sooner seen than it was torn out of the frame 
and rent in tatters. It was ' Ragusa' — the ' double traitor 
Marmont.' The vast magnificent apartment, with the throne, 
the state bed-chamber of majesty, the royal cabinet, were suc- 
cessively explored. On the floor of the latter, they scattered 



DEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 75 

sundry fragments of books and half-torn papers. I picked up 
two at hazard ; one was in print, the other manuscript : both 
related to priests ; it was a sors Virgiliana, that told the cha- 
racter of the imbecile Monarch, his folly, and his fate. I was 
more curious to observe the conduct of the multitude on the 
occasion, than inquisitive after the details of sumptuous and 
costly royalty. The thought that first led me into the Tuile- 
ries was this : Twill go in with the rest, that there may be at least 
one impartial evidence of the conduct of a French mob, under 
circumstances of strong temptation and pecuhar aggravation. 
I cannot say that I observed a single act of downright plunder. 
One or two men, whom 1 remarked looking up and down a so- 
litary apartment, wore that sinister air which betokens an in- 
tended unlawful appropriation : but this was only surmise ; 
they took nothing while I remained. An elderly artisan, who 
had picked up some trifling matter, and had apparently been 
charged therewith by some of his comrades, was exclaiming 
loudly against their injustice, and drawing a distinction between 
the appropriation of something by way of memorial and the 
baseness of plundering. Neither was the spirit of destruction 
abroad. It is true, the silk curtains, whose couleur rouge sti- 
mulated the beholders, were not respected. The armed meri 
were busy hewing them with their swords into portions conve- 
nient to wear as scarfs, and several had already arrayed them- 
selves in this, one of the three popular colours. Chandeliers 
were also a httle damaged : but this vyas done inadvertently, by 
men carrying muskets and bayonets with too little deference 
to those superb ornaments. Tlie simplicity of a blue-frocked 
peasant had nearly caused the destruction of the plate glass 
which fills one of the large compartments at the end of the 
throne-room. He was walking hastily along, as through an 
empty door- way, and seemed not a little astounded at being 
violently repelled by what had appeared to him empty space. 
The only instance of plundering I witnessed was one of the 
least reprehensible, though in its consequences likely to have 
proved the most pernicious. His majesty's private stock of 
wines had been discovered : the day was hot — every throat was 
parched. I myself had a little before envied a draught of the 
Seine water, which a man was lading round in a wooden bowl 
to the droughty conquerors of the Louvre. The bottles were 
no sooner detected than, without the trouble of drawing corks, 
they were decapitated, and the rich contents poured down the 
throats of grimy citizens, in such continuous streams as 
threatened the subversion of what intellect the bottle-drainer 



76 ANNALS OF THE 

possessed. I cannot, however, be severe on a fault in which I 
participated^ The temptation proffered me by a polite tri-co- 
loured warrior, who presented me with a bottle he had just 
broached, was not to be resisted on a day when every thing 
exhorted to drinkt Tt was some of the finest Madeira I had 
ever tasted. In another room, I remarked other partisans bu- 
sily satisfying the cravings of an insatiable thirst : but not al- 
ways with equal good fortune. An individual who had 
impatiently knocked off the head of a bottle, and poured into 
his mouth as much as his wide capacity could contain, spit it 
out again with a wry face, and, many and vehement exclama- 
tions of disgust. T examined the label on the bottle — it was 
veritable eau de Seidlitz ! I consoled the unfortunate crafts- 
man, like Ludovico in the ' Mysteries of Udolpho,' by telling 
him the good wine' was serving out in the next room." 

M. Eugene Lovat, whom courage had placed at the head of 
the assailants, reniained in the palace with his pistols in his 
band, for the preservation of the property, till nine o'clock at 
night. He called one of the people, a workman, to assist in 
preventing any thing from being stolen. '' Be quiet, my cap- 
tain," said the man, " we have changed our Government but 
not our consciences." Two other artisans who entered among 
the first into that part which the Dutchess of Berri inhabited, 
found there a casket of bronze, enclosing a large sum in gold. 
Overcome by the load of it, at the court of the Louvre, they 
asked a citizen to join them in protecting the treasure. The 
three carried it to the Hotel de Ville, where the precious bur- 
den was deposited, without asking or receiving any reward. At 
the gates of the palace, an individual was found pillaging, and 
shot. Every body caught pillaging was severely chastised, and 
compelled to surrender what he had taken. Some men who 
found new trousers in one of the guard-rooms, put them on 
over their own. The trousers were immediately torn off by 
their comrades, with a unanimous cry, — " We came here to 
conquer, not to rob." Two workmen found in one of the 
apartments a pocket-book, containing a million in bank notes 
— they delivered it up without abstracting any thing from it, 
and would not even give their names. 

Scarcely any damage was committed after the first general 
rush into the palace, when the people tore down the curtains 
for flags and sashes to wrap round them ; and converted gilt 
mouldings into pike staves. At that moment of excitement 
they threw papers out of the windows, with birds of Paradise, 
rich feathers, and gay millinery. Some of these were after- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 77 

ward collected, and with other articles of value, which had 
been removed from their places, were deposited at the Hotel 
de Ville, The picture of the coronation of Charles was en- 
tirely destroyed. A statue, in silver, of Henry lY., while a* 
boy, and a colossal statue of Peace, in silver, were not touched. 
The bust of Louis XV IH. was for a moment removed ; but, 
it being recollected that he gave the Charter, it was, by a good 
feeling, restored to its place. Among the curiosities brought 
to light by the rude hands of the captors was a long dress, lined 
with hair ; at one extremity was an iron collar, and at the 
other a chain. The use of this vest in such a place could not 
be explained by the crowd. It was the hair-cloth dress worn 
by his most Christian Majesty, in penance for sin. 

In the rage of conflict, while the energies of the people were 
simultaneously wrought to the utmost possible height against 
their enemies, they looked out for each of themselves that fell. 
If a dropped man was wounded, he was instantly succoured by 
his nearest comrades. In a moment they were as brothers to 
him ; two or three desisted from the carnage, lifted him, 
stanched the blood, bore him off in their arms, placed him 
with soothings on the first shutter or a rude litter, and conveyed 
him at once to where surgical aid awaited the arrival of these 
constant casualties ; and then flew back to the attack. If the 
man fell dead at once, they stood upon his body, as upon an 
altar consecrated to freedom, and, animated by his departed 
spirit, fought with deadlier purpose. The Hotel Dieu was the 
chief hospital for the wounded ; they were borne thither in 
crowds, during the fury of the engagement. The way before 
this hospital became a piteous and exciting scene : eyes un- 
used to weep dropped tears for the passing suflTerers, andmanly 
bosoms heaved with fierce resolves to avenge their gushing 
wounds, and hold a death-grapple with the phalanxes of the 
scorned and detested tyrant. 

One of the pupils of the Polytechnic School was killed in 
the Tuileries. His body was raised with respect by those 
whom he had conducted to victory, placed on the seat of the 
throne itself, and covered with pieces of crape which were col- 
lected by chance. It remained there till his brother, and other 
members of the family, came to claim his glorious remains. 

The care of the Tuileries, for the remainder the day, waSf 
committed to the brave fellows who took it. They were prin- 
cipally of the working classes, and at night presented a most 
grotesque appearance. Here might be seen a young fellow of 
twenty or twenty-two carrying a halberd of the time of Fra*^* 

H 



78 ANNALS OF TJIE 

cis I., inlaid with gold, dressed in a smock frock and trousers, 
with the casque of a cuirassier on his head. There another, 
with a blue shirt and trousers, encumbered by the long sword 
of a horse grenadier, and capped with the brass helmet of a 
pompier ; with a pistol or two to complete his armament. 
Farther off was a negro in livery, posted as a sentinel, with a 
cavalry carbine, and the broadsword of a Sapeur — ^joked with 
occasionally upon his not being white. On the Place du Ca- 
rousel was a very fine young fellow, apparently a labourer, in a 
canvass jacket and trousers, without stockings, wearing the fea- 
thered cocked-hat of a marshal of France, captured from the 
wardrobe of the King— his fellow-citizens laughing at his pride, 
and he bearing it with the most imperturbable gravity. Near 
to him was a man with one sleeve from the red coat of a Swiss 
over his own, an archbishop's glove on the opposite hand, and 
a Lancer's spear on his shoulder. Among them were four 
Irish mechanics, who arrived " fortunately" in Paris *' that 
very day, "on their way to Gharenton : — the thing was not to 
be withstood, so in they went with '* the boys," and — '' sure 
they must stay and do their duty !" 

It was almost impossible for the cavalry" to act efficiently in 
the unpaved streets, blocked at short distances with stone re- 
doubts thrown across, and holes in the ground filled with 
water. But the greatest obstacle to the rniiitary was the invin- 
cible courage of the people. It was evident that the troops 
were dejected. Some of them had not tasted food for thirty 
hours ; and they fought, moreover, against their own country- 
men. The Swiss were still more dejected ; for they appre- 
hended that no quarter would be shown them.. They were 
wrong-; The people fought like lions ; but they spared the 
lives of all who surrendered. Many of the Cuirassiers surren- 
dered their swords. The Lancers of the Guard — the finest 
body of men in the country — fought with heroism and con- 
stancy, and were dreadfully cut up. Many of them, private 
soldiers, were young men of family. The manner in which 
the Swiss fought, and the nature of the engagement, may be 
taken from the following instance : — A company of them de- 
fended one portion of the Rue St. Honore, and were reduced 
to sixty. They fought in three lines of single files. The peo- 
ple occupied the whole breadth of the street in front of them. 
In this position the foremost Swiss soldier would fire, or at- 
tempt to fire, and was certain to fall pierced with balls before 
he could wheel to gain the rear. The same occurred to the 
next, and so on until they had every one fallen. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 79 

The contest in the Rue St. Honore, at the Louvre, the Tui* 
leries, and at the Place de Greve, was maintained vi^ith the 
most deadly obstinacy. The Rue St. Honore, for two days, 
was a perpetual scene of slaughter. The Louvre, except the 
picture gallery, was on all sides attacked and defended at the 
same moment, and for hours. In the court of the Louvre a 
field-piece was planted, which commanded the Pont des Arts, 
being exactly opposite the Institute. Here the fighting was 
so dreadful, and so maintained, that the front of the Palace of 
the Institute is speckled with musket and grape shot. One can- 
non-ball smashed a portion of the wall, and, from its elevation, 
did dreadful execution in sweeping the bridge. The attack on 
the Tuileries was over in two or three hours. A young fel- 
low marched on with a tri-coloured flag at the head of the at- 
tacking bourgeois. A thousand balls, fired from the front of 
the Chateau, whistled by him w^ithout touching him. He con- 
tinued to march, with sang froid^ but with, at the same time, 
an air of importance, up to the triumphal arch, and remained 
there until the end of the battle. 

While the people and the military were combating at the 
Place de Greve, the Louvre, and the Tuileries, troops were 
arriving by the Champs Elysees. A great party of the people, 
and many National Guards, with two pieces of cannon, were 
hastening along near the Place Louis XVI, , towards the Bar- 
rier St. Etoile, when a large troop of dragoons arrived, made 
a desperate charge, and cut down the people without mercy, 
who made a very bold stand. Many of the soldiers solemnly 
vowed that they would not continue to obey orders to massa- 
cre their brothers and sons. Their numbers were thinned ; 
they were fatigued, disheartened, discomfited, beaten, and fled. 
At Chaillot, a district of Paris verging on the route to St. 
Cloud, the inhabitants, though few in number, sustained the 
fire of five regiments of the Guards, who attempted to effect 
their retreat by the Barrier of Passy. 

At length all the royal troops left the capital by the way of 
the Champs Elysees, and in their retreat were fired upon by 
the people. 



From imperfect statements of occurrences, hastily written 
at the moment, without data as to time, it has not been pos- 
sible to state the events of this decisive day in their order. 
The result, however, is indisputable. 

The people, with undaunted intrepidity, opposed the veterans 
of the royal army, withstood the assaults of cavalry, and in- 



eO 4NNALS OF THE 

fantry, and artillery — became themselves the assailantSy and 
finally conquered. 

During ten hours the warfare raged without ceasing. The 
national flag was successively planted on every public edifice 
where the Bourbon flag flew. At four o'clock in the after- 
noonfthere was not a man in arms against the people of Paris. 

After the troops had quitted the capital, tliere was an imme- 
diate calm. Holes were dug jin the streets or public gardens, 
and many of the dead collected together and interred. The 
wounded were conveyed by hundreds to the Bourse, the Hotel 
Dieu, and other public hospitals. 

The citizens, after two or three hours' repose, were again 
summoned to prolong their exertions, and redouble their 
energy, upon information that an attack was threatened the 
next day. This rumour was unfounded. The enemy had fled 
'to return no more. It was a victory so complete as to utterly 
astound and leave the parasites and minions of the arbitrary 
king without a single hope. 

In the army of Charles X. the loss of ofiicers was beyond 
all proportion greater than that of the privates. They were 
picked out of the ranks with fowling-pieces or rifles. Prior 
to the taking of the Tuileries, the Guards and Swiss lost 
three-fourths of their superior oflScers, most of them by rifle 
balls. A gentleman, well known in the fashionable circles of 
Paris, boasted and was believed to have killed fourteen officers 
by his rifle alone. 

Where the great battles were fought, the dead lay as they 
had fallen, in heaps. Where the combats were accidental, 
there were frail memorials of the recent deadly strife. ^' Here 
and there^" says a writer, *' you turned aside to avoid a pud- 
dle of blood, or the stark corpse of some unhappy veteran, 
that lay covered only by the gray military cloak. — 1 noticed a 
deserted corpse that lay in a corner, with a label attached to 
the breast. It was evidently one of the humblest citizens^ 
and the address was ' Rue St. Antoine.' — Honour to whom 
honour is due." ^ 



At the beginning of the conflict, on the 27th, the people of 
Paris were witiiout leaders and acted without concert ; and 
during the three days displayed bravery and virtue that will en^ 
sure to them lasting fame. The following are a ^ew individual 
characteristics of to-day. 

M. Auguste Pascou, a young student at law, during the 
taking of the Swiss barracks in the Rue de Babylpnes. pes-* 



nWfOtUttO^ IN FJiANCE, f830. 81' 

Ceiving that his comrades, terrified by the first firing, were be- 
ginning to retreat, got upon an eminence, where he remained 
during the whole of the attack, unceasingly exciting them, 
both by his words and example, although he had received two 
gun-shot wounds. A short time afterward he was at the tak- 
ing of the Tuileries. 

A young man, mounted upon a valuable horse, and from 
his dress and equipments evidently wealthy, applied every- 
where, in vain, for arms, that he might join in the common 
defence. He perceived a good musket in the hands of a man 
whose dress declared him to be a poor scavenger. " My 
friend," cried the young man, " I will give you 100 francs for 
your piece." '^ Oh, no, sir," replied he, " it is my best 
friend." ^' I will give you 500 francs." "No, sir; it has 
already brought two of our foes to the ground, and it will 
bring down more still. I shall keep my good friend." 

An unfortunate workman, covered with blood and sweat, 
asked for a little nourishment. During the two days on 
which he had been fighting he had eaten nothing. An indi- 
vidual welcomed him. He was scarcely seated, when a 
firing was heard. He threw away the bread, and, hastening 
to join his countrymen, fell from exhaustion, and died. 

Some artisans passed along the boulevards, under the com- 
mand of one of their comrades, who had been appointed their 
chief on account of his good^ sense and experience. At the 
point of their weapons were loaves of bread and fowls, which 
had been distributed among them. Several of the troop, find- 
ing themselves opposite a wine vault, separated for the purpose 
of getting some spirits, but returned to their ranks at the 
voice of their Commander. ^* To-day," said he, "not one 
drop of brandy — not one drop of wine, without water, must 
any of us drink. We must carry all drunkards to the guard- 
house." All the brave men set up an immediate cry., " Our 
Captain is right," and went their way to fight, without any 
other than their generous and ardent love for liberty and their 
country. 

At night, when all v/as over, a person going home overtook 
half a dozen workmen of the Faubourgs St. Antoine and 
Marceau, who, v/ith the utmost gentleness, kept the crowd 
from pressing on three other men who were slowly moving in 
the centre. The demeanour of those guards and the crowd' 
indicated pity and respect. The group within was composed 
of two of the men from the Faubourg, and a wounded trum- 
peter of tlie Grenadiers a Cheval, wha had fallen while sound-- 

H2 



82 AT^NAtS OF Tim* 

ing a charge of his regiment. He had been cortv^eyed int?c? a^ 
neighbouring house after the battle by some of the combat- 
ants, and was now deemed able to walk to the Hotel Dieu. 
At the Place du Chatelet the party halted, and something was* 
said to the wounded man, who wished to decline (gratefully, 
however) an offer. " Bah !'' said one of his supporters, '* a. 
drop of good wine never did any man harm," and they entered 
a cabaret. His conductors were his captors. 

A young National Guard,, having committed a mistake ia 
one of the movements of his exercise, was laughed at by the 
spectators. " I made no mistake," said he, **• in fighting yes- 
terday the enemies of liberty." 



The hardihood of the children was a striking feature to day ^^ 
as it had been before. The Marquis of Chabannes, who com- 
manded the Lancers, was killed by a boy of fourteen. Armed 
with a pistol, he seized the bridle of the Marquis's horse ; the 
horse, to disengage himself, lifted his head violently, and raised 
the boy from the ground. In that position he blew out the 
Marquis's brains. 

ft was impossible for a man's courage to fail him, seeing, as* 
he went along, old men, children, and women^ of all classes,, 
providing for their defence by strengthening the barricades, 
opening all the doors of their houses, and mounting stones up 
to their rooms to whelm upon their enemies. 



Women were eminently conspicuous for heroism. At one 
of the barricades the people were resisting the onset of a body 
of Swiss ffuards. A number of females, rushing from a late- 
ral street wifh pitch-forks and knives, and similar instruments 
of destruction, fell on the rear of the Swiss, and in the twin- 
kling of an eye numbers of them were weltering in their blood. 
At one point a woman headed the bourgeois, and was the 
boldest of the combatants — if degrees of bravery can be ad- 
mitted in this most memorable conflict of modern times. A 
woman, in man's clothes, fought at the attack on the Swiss 
barracks in the Ru^ Piumet* Youths, not more than from 
twelve to fifteen years of age, were pushed out of their homes 
by their mothers, who commanded them to go and fight for 
their liberties. These women showed no marks of fear ; they 
held loaded pistols in their hands, and some were carrying 
paving stones into the houses to dash upon the soldiers. So 
great was the universal excitement, and the disregard of per- 
sonal danger, that many ladies in the second rank of life acr 



RISJVOLUTION TN FRANCE, I8o0. 83 

ccmipanied and assisted their sons in making common cause 
with the people, and went from street to street encouraging 
their relations during the hottest of the fight. At the attack 
upon the Louvre, women advanced during the firing of the 
troops to rescue and pull out the wounded, and send them 
where they could have surgical aid.- 



On this day the students of the Polytechnic School made 
the most valorous atta<:ks and defence. They fired away and 
headed the citizens two days and nights against the troops. 
Some of these boys of ten and twelve years- old, with pocket 
pistols in their hands, crept under the muskets of soldiers, 
levelled against the citizens, and, when near enough, fired 
their pistols in the bailies of the soldiers. A boy of less than 
ten returned from a charge with two bayonet wounds in his 
thigh, and yet refused to yield his arms. 

At the capture of the Tuileries another pupil, who was 
also at the head of the armed citizens, presented himself at 
the railings. A superior officer immediately approached. 
'' Open," said the young coaamander^ " if you do not wish to 
be all exterminated; for liberty and force are now in the 
power of the people." The officer refused to obey his sum- 
mons, and pulled the trigger of his pistol, which did not how- 
ever go ofi*. The young pupil, who preserved all his coolness, 
seized the offix^er by the throat and directing his sword against 
it, said, '* Your life is in my power ; 1 could cut your throat, 
but I will not shed blood." The officer, afiected by this act of 
generosity, tore from his breast the decoration which he wore, 
and presented it to his enemy, saying, *' Brave young man, 
no one can be more worthy than you to wear such insignia ; 
receive it from my hand. I hav^ worn it till now with some 
credit, and I am certain that you will continue to do the^same. 
Your name?" — '^ Pupil of the Polytechnic School ;" and the 
young man immediately rejoined his companions. 

In one of the skirmishes with the Royal Guard, that body had, 
after its repulse by the citizens, left a piece of artillery in an 
unoccupied area, to which, however, there was still danger in 
approaching on account of the firing. A pupil of the Poly- 
technic School, who was at the head of the armed citizens, ran 
up to the piece, which he seized with both his hands. *' It is 
ours," he said, " I will keep it — I vi^ilL die rather than surren- 
der it." A cry was heard behind him, " The brave are dear 
to us — you will be killed — return!" The young man heard 
aol a word,, bat held the piece more tightly in his embrace, ia 



84 ANNALS OF THE 

spite of a shower of balls which rained around him. At last 
the]Royal Guard was obliged to retire still farther by the fire of 
the citizens, who kept continually gaining ground, and who at 
length reached the piece and saved the youth who had so bravely 
seized it. • 

The gratitude of the people to the pupils of the Polytechnic 
School almost reached veneration. One of these fine young 
men, who had taken no rest for the last three niglits, fell asleep 
from weariness on one of the mattresses designed for the 
wounded. When evening arrived, he was taken, without know- 
ing it, to the Hotel de Ville, and when the appearance of his 
uniform excited acclamations wherever he passed, those who 
carried him said, '* Respect his misfortunes." The crowd took 
off their hats and passed on. 

The feeling of honour among the people respecting property 
which fell into their hands was most remarkable. One man 
who considered he had a right to a watch was shot. A few 
who appropriated to themselves some effects of the officers of 
a large depot of gens-d'armes were stripped, and some of their 
clothes burned, along with the epaulettes, furniture, &c.,of the 
officers. Where officers^ soldiers, &c. surrendered their 
posts, their property was respected. Some poor workmen;, 
having forced the shop of a gunsmith who had already surren- 
dered his powder, sought for more in all quarters, even among 
his furniture. In one of his drawers, they found some money 
and a bill. One of them shut the drawer instantly, and said, 
'^ This is not what we were looking after." 

Throughout the entire contest there was no pillage, no dis- 
order of any sort. The wounded soldiers were taken as much 
care of as* the wounded citizens. In fact, the instances of ge- 
nerosity, of devotion to the *^ good old cause," and of respect 
to the laws, were without number. They did not even mal- 
treat one of their inveterate enemies-^the gens-d'armerie of 
Swiss. They took their arms only to turn them instantly 
against the troops who still continued to resist. 



Foreigners of all nations, English, Germans, Russians, Ita- 
lians, Spaniards, and Portuguese, individuals of every country 
in Europe, who happened to be at Paris, openly declared for 
the people of Paris, and many personally aided in the struggle. 

Several young Greeks, residing in Paris to finish their edu- 
cation, took a )?ery active part in the combats. At the moment 
of danger they got arms, and-mixed themselves with the masses 



JREVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 85 

of people who were courageously fighting in the streets of 
the capital. 

Many Italians were in the hottest of the engagements, and 
some led on the citizens. 

An officer of theRoyal Guard was about to run M. Huet, an 
ex-serjeant of the 17th light infantry through the body, when 
Giovanni di Aceto, a brave Italian youth, only seventeen years 
of age, levelled the officer with his pistol, and saved Huet's 
life. This courageous lad distinguished himself each day, as 
the undaunted leader of thirty citizens of all ages, and gallantly 
fought at the Hotel de Ville, Port St. Martin, the Rue St. Ho- 
nore, the Tuileries, and in other most desperate engagements. 

Mr. Lindo, an Englishman in the house of Orr and Gold- 
schmidt, in Paris, voluntarily entered his name on the list of 
the National Guard, braved the fire of the common enemy, and 
after the victory mounted guard for forty-eight hours, without 
quitting his post for a moment. 



Mr. Bradley, an Enghsh physician in Paris, was prodigal of 
his professional care to the wounded, at the capture of the Bar- 
rack of the Rue Babylon. During the fight he went from 
street to street, and from house to house, to attend to the 
wounded, and continued to visit them after their removal to the 
hospitals. 

An Englishman who had been settled in Pari& for 10 years, 
as a wood-engraver and type-founder, as soon as the ordinance 
for the suppression of the press was issued, apprehending that 
his business would be utterly destroyed, and having private 
affairs to arrange in London, took out his passport for the pur- 
pose of removing his family and other concerns to London. 
Being detained by accident for a few days, he cast all the ma- 
terials he could convert into bullets for the supply of the Na» 
tional Guard, and neither his exertions or his bullets were thrown 
away. Our correspondent says he saw a certificate in the 
party's favour, attested by the constituted authorities of his dis- 
trict, relative to his spontaneous and seasonable, as well as 
disinterested and effective services, and acknowledging them 
with thanks to his honour. 

Another Englishman, who had been established for a num- 
ber of years as a printer in Paris, and who has an establishment 
in London, shut up his office, and fought in the boulevards 
on the 28th as a tirailleur, and procured several muskets for 
his men. On the 29tb, accompanied by some friends and seve- 
ral of his workmen, he was at the attack of the Louvre, and 



86 ANNALS OF THE 

among the first who entered the Tuileries. He afterward at- 
tacked the Royal Guards intrenched in houses in the Rue St. 
Nicaise and St. Honore. From the corner of the street they 
kept up an incessant fire for nearly an hour, till at length he 
called on the others to follow him, and rushed through a shower 
of bullets into the house in possession of the guards, who, seeing 
themselves thus assailed within and from without, surrendered. 
He received from them upwards of sixty muskets, officers' sa- 
bres, &c., and employed every effort to save the men ; but, the 
firing still continuing from the third story, the people were so 
furious that they slew every guard that they could approach. 
Two of his men were killed ; one of them has left three infant 
children. On his return home at night, besmeared with blood 
and gore, he was loudly greeted by his fellow-citizens and neigh- 
bours. Mr. Pouchee, formerly letter-founder in London, wa§ 
on the spot where the above workmen were killed, and gene- 
rously gave 200Z. to the widow. 



Whatever was the precise number of lives lost, it is-^igreed 
on all hands to have been much less than was expected, consi- 
dering the military force, and the multitude of people engaged 
in cOmbat. It was remarked in favour of the life-guards, on 
the inquest held on the bodies of Honey and Francis, who were 
killed at Cumberland Gate, Oxford Street, on the occasion of 
your late queen's funeral, that not a single cut had been given 
by the soldiers, although it was proved that they had struck 
down many of the people with their sabres. The same remark 
is nearly as applicable to the conduct of the cavalry arrayed 
during " the three days" against the people of Paris. The 
lancers were engaged throughout, and made frequent and fu- 
rious charges ; they were shot and bruised, and their horses 
killed or lamed under them by bullets, stones, bottles, and other 
missiles. The same may be said of the cuirassiers and the 
mounted gens-d'armerie. Nevertheless, there were not, it is 
believed, twenty men woundedby thrusts of the lance, or coups 
de sabre, during the three days. The horse soldiers fired their 
carbines and pistols frequently ; but the uncertainty of a shot 
fired by a man on horseback is well known. The comparative 
harmlessness of the operations of the cavalry may be attributed 
partly to the humanity of the soldiers, partly to the panic with 
which they were struck in the unnatural warfare, and partly to 
the impossibility of acting with effect against such an enemy a& 
was opposed to them. In the midst of the engagements, on 
each day, the streets were crowded with spectators, and with 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 87 

men waiting for the chance of obtaining arms. The cutting 
down these would have been useless, as it would not have re- 
duced the nusnber of their foes, and in the interim their own 
lives would fjave been greatly endangered. The truth is, that 
the troops were rendered powerless by the suddenness and 
astounding character of the circumstances in which they were 
placed. Adjoining to the house which forms the corner of the 
Rue de la Paix and the Boulevard is a large house or hotel en- 
closed by a wall, which was surmounted by wooden palisadoes, 
in which large spikes were fixed. Immediately opposite to it 
was stationed a lieutenant's guard of lancers. Farther on to- 
wards the Rue Montmartre, and on the Boulevard Poisonniere, 
the battle raged. The troops were consequently on the alert. 
Notwithstanding which, the people in their presence, and within 
five yards of them, tore down the palings spoken of, and pro- 
ceeded deliberately to knock the spikes out of them for pike- 
heads, by striking them against the large stones placed to pre- 
vent carriages interfering with the footpath. The lancers oc- 
casionally galloped across to prevent them, and the people fled ; 
but, as the lancers were obliged to resume their ranks, the peo- 
ple returned, and proceeded with their work until the whole of 
the paling disappeared. At another time, the lancers charged 
up to the Rue Richelieu, and returned on the '* fast trot." In 
the short interval, a wall made with stone and mortar, three feet 
high, had been built across the Boulevard, near the Rue de la 
Paix. Thus divided, without communication, and menaced 
with death -in a thousand shapes, the dispirited cavalry were 
almost totally inefficient. If willing to wound, they were afraid 
to strike. They might at the swift gallop overtake the people, 
who generally ran when about to be charged, but in doing so 
the danger of a volley from a cross street, and from the houses, 
was imminent. They rarely ventured, therefore, upon a real 
attack. Twice or thrice in the course of the same day they 
cleared the Quai Pelletier up to the Place de Greve, but the 
murderous fire of their assailants was insupportable, and obliged 
them instantly to retreat. 

On the first day, and even before they left their barracks, the 
greater part of the officers and soldiers of the line agreed among 
themselves not to fire upon their fellow-citizens. The com- 
mandant Maillard, of the 15th light infantry, positively refused 
to order his battalion to fire, in spite of the reiterated com- 
mands which he received. At the same time, in another quar- 
ter, the sub-lieutenant Lacroix, of the same regiment, who 



88 ANNALS OF THE 

commanded a detachment stationed at the prison of Montaign, 
divided his time between preventing the prisoners from escape 
ing and inducing the soldiers to meet the people as brothers. 
This brave officer remained at his post till the next day, and 
then delivered it up to the National Guard. 

In short, the military felt for their country, and sympathized 
with the people. The French army is recruited by conscrip- 
tion, a species of ballot, by which an annual supply is obtained 
from the ranks of citizens and farmers. In time of peace, it 
is composed of the same order as our militia, if not of a bet- 
ter. The privates of the line can all, with a few exceptions, 
read and write; and hence the politics of the day make an 
impression on the French soldiery that statesmen, accustomed 
to view them as passive instruments of power, can never bring 
themselves to credit. The soldiers of the line are, for the most 
part, well acquainted with both the nature and extent of the 
prerogatives of the Crown, and their limitations, and the sacred 
rights which the Charter purported to the people. It was not, 
therefore, surprising that, upon Wednesday, the 5th and 53d re- 
giments refused to fire upon the people who came in a mass to 
the hotel of Prince Polignac to demand the revocation of the 
ordinances of the 25th. On that occasion officers of the line 
and of the staff were heard to recommend the leaders of the 
popular party to be firm in their demands ; but not to proceed 
to violence while a hope of success was left by treating with 
the ministers. 

There is in the following letter from an officer of the Hoyal 
Guard to Prince Polignac, an expression of feeling which ani- 
mated many of equal and superior rank in the French army. 

" MONSEIGNEUR, 

*^ After a day of massacre and disaster, undertaken 
agjainst all laws, human and divine, and in which I took part 
only out of human respect, with which I shall ever reproach 
myself, my conscience imperiously forbids me to serve an in- 
stant longer. In my life I have given so many proofs of de- 
votedness to the King that I may be permitted, withaut it be- 
ing possible for my motives to be calumniated, to make a dis- 
tinction between what emanates from him and the atrocities 
now committed in his name. I have, therefore, the honour to 
beg you to lay before his Majesty my resignation as Captain of 
his Guards. 

" I have the honour to be, &c. 

« Count RAOUL DE LATOUR DUPIN.'^ 



Hevolution in france, 1830. 89 

Notwithstanding the troops had retired, there was some ap- 
prehension of a renewal of the comhat. The following con- 
versation passed between a gentleman and a general officer in 
the Elysee Charles :— 

Q. '' Well, General, I am glad to see the troops withdraw- 
ing : it is of course settled." 

A. " Settled, indeed I you are mistaken, sir. True, the 
troops have withdrawn for a moment, but it is only to join 
other regiments at St. Cloud, and commence an attack to- 
morrow." 

Q. '•' You surely do not mean to attack your brothers and 
fellow-subjects, unarmed as they are, and seeking as they are 
to gain the hberties taken from them." 

A. "I know nothing of that, sir, as a soldier. But I tell 
you that, unless conditions be arranged to-night, we shall bom- 
bard Paris to-morrow." 

On the royal route to St. Cloud, which is a back or by-road, 
estaffettes had passed every half hour throughout the day to 
St. Cloud, announcing to the king the movements of the army, 
and the progress of the siege. 



The royal troops, driven from the capital, were stationed in 
the Bois de Boulogne, exhausted by fatigue. The Mayor of 
Autueil was required to provide them with provisions and re- 
freshments. He addressed himself accordingly to the princi- 
pal inhabitants of his commune, who answered that in comply- 
ing witli his request they should be furnishing their own ene- 
mies with support, since these troops had fired upon their bro- 
thers in Paris. However, from motives of humanity, provi- 
sions and refreshments were provided. The Duke d'Angou- 
leme went in person to thank the Mayor for the provisions given 
to " his army." The Mayor could not help saying that all the 
misfortunes which now afflicted France, and were recoiling 
upon the Royal Family, would not have happened had the 
King governed constitutionally. At these words the Prince 
turned his bridle and rode off. In a minute afterward he sent 
an aid-de-camp to inform tlie Mayor, that if he had any thing 
to communicate he would hear it with pleasure, provided it 
was not in the presence of his troops. 

The greater part of the troops of the guard concentrated 
round St. Cloud. Their advanced posts occupied on one side 
a hillock below Calvary towards Neuilly ; on the other they 
extended towards Meudon. Means of resistance were organ- 
ized at Neuilly, to hinder them from passing the bridge, which, 

I 



90 AiNNALS OF THE 

however, they did not appear disposed to force. On the con=^ 
trary, every thing seemed to be preparing for a farther retreat. 
Many of the men loudly declared that they virould join the 
citizens if they were ordered to return to Paris. 



It is said that the Duke of Ragusa proceeded to St, Cloud, 
to render an account of his services. The Duke d'Angouleme 
evinced his dissatisfaction in unmeasured terms, and said, "lYou 
have treated us as you did others." The day before, Marmont 
had pledged himself to keep possession of the capital a fort- 
night longer, and already came to announce that it was in pos- 
session of the rebels. Turning towards a guarde du corps, 
the Prince directed him to bring the Marshal's sword, which 
having received, he endeavoured to break over the pummel of 
his saddle, and ordered Marmont under arrest. Charles X., 
informed of what had happened, expressed regret at his son's 
violence ; but, that the Prince might not be injured in the eyes 
of the court, the arrest was limited to four hours, by which 
time dinner was ready. It was announced to the Marshal that 
a cover was placed for him at the royal table ; but he refused 
to appear. 



On the return of the troops the King reviewed them. No 
one cried '^ Vive la Hoi," and the line cried '' Vive la Charte !" 
The ministers, who, in pandering to the pleasure of his uncon- 
stitutional will, had flooded the capital with blood, now waited 
upon him and resigned their portfolios of office. He immedi- 
ately appointed the Duke de Mortemart Minister of Foreign 
Affairs, and Count Gerard Minister of War ; and charged 
them with the formation of a new council. His next step was 
to recall the ordinances of the 25th of July. This was his 
first concession.— It was forty-eight hours too late — on Tues- 
day it would have satisfied the people. Yesterday and to-day 
they had purchased with their blood the power to dictate. He 
instructed the Duke de Mortemart to treat with the new au- 
thorities in Paris, and stipulate, on the basis of his abdication 
and that of the Duke d'Angouleme, that the Duke of Bour- 
deaux should be proclaimed King. The Duke is said to have 
expressed unwillingness to undertake such a commission with- 
out a written aiuthority. The King swore on the faith of a 
gentleman, a knight, and a Christian (not on the faith of a 
King), that he would abide by the engagements which the Duke 
might enter into in his name. He was affected even to tears ; 
and, when the Duke de Mortemart persisted in requiring his 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 91 

signature, he replied by lifting up 'his trembling hand, to show 
that it was incapable of holding a pen*! 



At night, part of the town was illuminated, particularly the 
streets of St. Denis, St. Martin, St. Jacques, and the neigh- 
bourhood of the Hotel de Ville. Perfect tranquillity prevailed 
throughout the city. Strong patrols silently paraded the streets, 
passed gently from barricade to barricade, and disarmed indi- 
viduals whom fatigue and the heat of the weather, more than 
wine, had rendered incapable of employing their weapons 
usefully. 

Thus was a mighty revolution in behalf of happiness tor 
France effected in three days. The press pointed out the dan- 
ger, and urged the people to save, the commonwealth., The 
first blow was struck by 400 or 500 men deprived of daily 
bread by the suppression of the newspapers ; aided by other 
working people who had been thrown out of employment. 
Every thing was effected by the great mass of the labouring 
classes, assisted by the small shopkeepers., a]l led on by the 
students of the Polytechnic school. Few of the wealthier in- 
habitants made their appearance until the danger was over. 

The Ilampdens of France were the canaille of St. Antoine, 
St. Denis, and St. Martin. ' High-born and high-bred' war- 
riors never achieved a victory more beneficial to mankind. 
The freedom, not only of France, but of all the continent, was 
weighed in the balance against despotisni, and pi-evailed by the 
efforts of soiled and swarthy artisans. 



SUMMAR!^ ACCOUNTS OF THE PRECEDING 
DAYS. 

M. Leonard Gallois kept an account day by day, and 
hour by hour, of what passed during the memorable days on 
the Boulevard St. Antoine, the Place Royal, the Place de la 
Bastile, and the Rue St. Antoine. This gentleman, deprived 
of the use of his limbs, and confined by that infirmity to his 
chamber, was deeply interested by the important events passing 
in Paris ; and his residence being in the quarter Mara^is, near 
the Faubourg St. Antoine, the Place Royale, and the Place 
de la Bastile, he took his station each day at the window of 
his chamber, which looked upon that part of the Boulevard 
where the Corps-de-Garde were posted. From thence he 
vigilantly observed all that passed within sight, while his son, 



92 ANNALS OF THE 

an intelligent youth, acted a« his scout^ and brought him inteK 
ligence. What M. Gallpis saw, and the information he ob- 
tained, he published in a narrative (sold in London by M. 
Dulan, Soho Square) from which a translation of the import- 
ant days is annexed. 

M. GALLOIS^S NARRATIVE. 

Monday^ July 26th. 

About two o'clock I sent my son to the Palais Royal for 
some books of which I had need. In less time than he usually 
takes on such an errand, I saw him returning breq^thless and 
covered with perspiration. He hakl in his hand the second 
edition of the Messager des Ckambres^ in which the ordi- 
nances were published, but not the report of -the ministers. 
" I bring you," he cried, "sad news." . 

I read the ordinances : and I could not help thinking that I 
was dreaming. - 

In a state of stupid abstraction I read them over eveti^ 
third time, when some persons living in the same house came 
and convinced me that 1 was awake, by giving me a copy of 
the Moniteur, The report of the ministers, which it con- 
tained, made the whole matter plain. On reading each para- 
graph of this masterpiece of Jesuitism, I codd not he)p ex^ 
claiming '' It is f^ilse ! The ministers lie ! Themselves have 
rendered the revolution imminent !" 

Still I did not imagine it was so near breaking out. Every 
countenance about me was sad and downcast, and during the 
whole day nothing was heard at the Marais but imprecations 
against the Ministers. Some said that the ordinances would 
certainly provoke a terrible movement ; but many persons 
thought that the sacred fire of liberty was extinguished in the 
souls of the French. Thus were my most cherished hopes 
damped. ' • 

However, the peaceable inhabitants of the Boulevard St> 
Antoine manifested a certain feehng of inquietude, which the 
want of the liberal journals contributed but little to allay. 
Like my son, they besieged the doors of the reading-rooms, 
accosted all persons coming from the central parts of Paris, 
and wearied them with questions. They learned nothing, ex- 
cept that the King and tlie Ministers appeared determined to 
employ rigorous measures against those who did not choose to 
submit. 

The day passed without my being able to read a newspaper, 
for I had no wi^h to look a.t any in which I waf$ sure to finij 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 93 

only apologies for the acts of the Ministry, and attempts to 
excite the violence of the counter-revolutionary party. 

Tuesday^ July 27tJi. 

As early as five o'clock in the morning I resumed my seat 
at the window, now become my observatory, and my son took 
his })ost at the reading-room door. I soon perceived,, by the 
movement in the Boulevard, that I only was not anxious. 
Several of those peaceable citizens, known by the name of the 
Rentiers du Marais, paraded the cross alleys of the Boulevard. 
Everyone went in the direction of the Bastile, whence I heard 
a confused noise, indicative of a numerous assembly. I Saw 
great numbers of workmen, mostly in their shirt-sleeves, go^ 
up and down, gesticulating and talking earnestly. A kw 
words, whiijh reached my ear, convinced me that they were 
discussing political subjects, and I soon heard the cry of *' Vive 
la Charte!^^ The insurrection, therefore, broke out as it were 
from the midst of a calm. 

About ten o' clock, njy son informed me that all the shops 
were shut, and that it was reported that the workmen of the 
Faubourg St. Antoine v/ere preparing to advance into the 
heart of Paris. I confess I felt some degree of fear, lest this 
Faubourg, formerly so terrible, should disgrace such a digni- 
fied resistance as I had been informed was then spontaneously 
organizing at Paris. I dreaded again to behold those brigands 
who stained the character of the first revolution. I expected 
to see every moment file off bands of those ill-omened and 
ferocious figures, as disgusting in appearance as in language^ 
whom I had seen exhibited in the plates representing the 
scenes of that epoch. But, during the whole day, non® ap«- 
peared on the Boulevard St. Antoine, but respectable-looking' 
workmen, by no means ill dressed, though unencumbered by 
jackets or coats. They seemed determined, it is true, and 
even menacing ; but I could observe no prognostic of disorder. 
Nowhere was to be heard those rude expressions which were 
formerly the common language of those who were called " the 
people,^^ The grossest words used by this innumerable body 
of workmen, while moving along the Boulevard, were such as 
these : '* Those ^ "^ "^ then flatter themselves that they have 
to do with imbeciles."—'^ Do the * ^ ^ ^ Jesuits take us for 
Cossacks ?" — " They shall soon see whom they have to do- 
with. We will show them our teeth, while they show us 
their rumps." — **The whole canaille must be put to fiight 
again 1" 

12 



$i ANNALS -OF THE 

Tilis language plainly showed that these persons tooK (he 
matter seriously, and were full of zeal. I can affirm that I 
saw no one among them who seemed above their own condi- 
tion, or who had the appearance of heading or exciting them. 
They had neither chiefs nor incendiaries. They consulted na 
one, and no one volunteered to direct them. All the work- 
men in the Boulevard seemed to be waiting for some event, of 
which they were not certainly the provoking party. Up to 
eleven o'clock they raised no other cries than '' Vive la 
Charter^ '^ Down with Pohgnac V " Down with the Minis- 
ters !" 

Immediately afterward several persons were seen hurrying 
from the Boulevard du Temple towards the Place de la Bas- 
tile, crying out that a battle was begun in Paris, that the 
troops had fired upon the inhabitants, and that the Rue St. 
Honor e and the environs of the Palais Royal had become the 
theatre of a horrible civil war. ^ 

This news electrified the workmen. They called for arms 
and leaders. Some rushed to the gate Saint Antoine, others 
towards the Boulevard of the Temple. In a moment the Bou- 
levard St. Antoine was empty. Not a single person remained 
before my windows. My son came to tell me that all was 
bustle in the Place Royale and in the street St. Antoine ; that 
arms and leaders were called for ; that the gun-makers' shops 
had been forced open throughout Paris; and, lastly, that many 
inhabitants had assembled on the Place Royale and the Place 
de la Bastile, some armed with guns and rusty sabres, others 
with pistols, swords, spits, pikes, and pitchforks, crying out, 
*"' Down with Polignac!" '* Vive la liberie P'' I found great 
difficulty in restraining my son ; he wanted to look after a 
gun, and set off*, like all the rest, to the place where the troops 
were firing on the people. " The porter's son is gone," said 
he, " and I remain behind ; the porter himself would have 
been off by this time had not his wife detained him." I used 
persuasion, and endeavoured to convince him that I could not 
do without him. He yielded to my entreaties, but disappeared 
every moment under the pretext of going to obtain news. 

What I heard from persons passing was vague and confused. 
^^ There is a fight ; the people are being murdered." That 
is all they deigned to tell me, while hurrying off in search of 
arms. 

My impatience and alarm now increased. I saw many 
ready to fight, but very few armed ! We had every thing to 
fear from the numerous regiments in Paris with artillery. 
What is to become of the poor people who are marching ob 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 95 

to the very mouth of the cannon ? If Paris yields, the cause 
of liberty, of reason, of humanity, is lost for ever ! I remained 
for some moments overcome by mournful reflection. 

The wrorkmen re-appeared upon the Boulevard, and I saw 
them descend in groups. They proceeded towards the Port 
St. Martin, where, it was said, war was also ragiDjr. This 
long procession did not raise a single cry. A sombre appear- 
ance of despair clothed the whole crowd. I remarked, how- 
ever, that those who possessed guns considered themselves 
fortunate, and marched at the head of bands, as fierce as Ar- 
tabanes. It was sufficient to have a gun and a cartridge-box 
to become the leader of a party. These parties were, how- 
ever, composed of men, most of whom were not armed even 
with sticks. They marched with their arms crossed as if they 
were going to their w^ork. All at once I heard the cry raised, 
" To the docks r* and the crowd immediately rushed to the 
dock-yard opposite the Boulevard, and armed themselves, some 
with logs of wood, others with poles, which they flourished 
over their heads, exclaiming, '* Vive la liberty I^^ 

What do these brave men mean to do with a few rusty guns 
and cudgels ? — It is out of my power to follow them ! 

I see filing oflf even children, some of them with pistols in 
their hands, i tremble for them. I tremble for the sacred 
cause which they are going forth to defend. 

Every moment I saw detachments of different regiments 
pass along. The gen-d'armes were hooted. The lancers and 
cuirassiers were received with cries of '* Vive la ChaHeP^ 
which a few of the mihtary repeated. The galloping of horses 
every minute announced that fatal orders were despatched to 
all the posts. 

What a day of anxiety ! No news of what is passing ; for 
every one leaves the Boulevard, and no one returns from the 
heart of Paris. I inquired of my son whether there were any 
police ordinances, or proclamations from authority. He replied 
that neither the police nor ministers showed themselves. 

The culpable ministers then hide themselves, after brandish- 
ing the torch of civil war I They hide themselves, after sign- 
ing an order for the extermination of a generous population, 
only guilty of resisting their liberticide acts ! On all sides a 
unanimous exclamation of indignation is raised against them. 
As for Charles X., every one says '* this is what he wanted," 
and those who were royalists before the publishing of the or- 
dinances, repeat- — '^It is indeed his work /" 

About four o'clock, my son returned with a triumphant air. 
^* The Nationaly^ said he, " has appeared, but I could not ob- 



M ANNALS OP THF 

tain one. I bring you the Temps. It contains the protest of 
the journalists, the same as I read it in the National^ with the 
single exception that it does not give the signatures." " Ho- 
nour to the editors of the National ! Honour to the editors of 
the Temps r^ I exclaimed, seizing at the same time the lat- 
ter journal. I read the protest of the editors of the liberal 
journals. It gave me intense delight. ^' I will not," said I, 
^' despair of the public cause." 

The clock has just struck five. Many persons are return- 
ing from the centre of Paris, all of whom tell me that there have 
been battles at different points, and that the fighting still con- 
tinues ; but that it is diflicult to know what is doing, because 
the streets in the neighbourhood of the Palais Royal are choked 
up with immense crowds. 

At length I obtained positive news. M. Denain, the book- 
seller in the Rue Vivienne, arrived, and had the goodness to 
tell me all that he knew, all that he had seen and heard. This 
gentleman, an active and sincere patriot, assured me that there 
prevailed throughout the whole population, not only irritation, 
but real enthusiasm. He said that every thing showed the ex- 
istence of a spirit of great determination, from which impor- 
tant results might be expected ; that the National Guard was 
re-organizing itself, and would be under arms to-morrow 
morning ; that no one knew where the ministers were ; and 
that it was even said that the king had set out for Gompiegne. 
Finally, he told me that Rouen and Orleans had risen, and 
that 2000 men from Rouen were marching to the assistance of 
the Parisians. He added that it was the general opinion that 
the morning of the 28th would be a hot one, and that he and 
his friends had taken measures accordingly. 

M. Denain infused balm into my blood, when he assured 
me that the patriotism of the Parisians would render the cause 
of liberty triumphant. 

I was confirmed in these agreeable ideas by the patriotic 
traits which some women displayed. One of them, a gene- 
ral's widow, went to the Palais-Royal, declaring, that if money 
was wanted to make a revolution, she would give it to all who 
needed it. I know her to be a woman who would keep her word. 

Tv^ro other women furnished traits worthy of Spartan mo- 
thers. The first, Madame R- , armed her two sons, and 

sent them forth to^ defend the cause of liberty. This patriot 
mother remained two days without hearing any news of them. 
She was weeping for them, when she saw them return safe 
and well. 

The other Spartan mother, Madame Venot, was asked^ 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 9T 

where her son was : '"- My son," she replied, '« is among the 
combatants." " How, Madam !" do you allow him to mix 
in those brawls I" ^' He must act like the reM ; if no one went, 
we should have to stretch our necks quietly to the knife." 
'' But if he should be killed ?" ^^ I should console myself by 
reflecting that he died for his country." 

It should be known that he is an only son and a youth of 
great promise, the idol pf his mother ! She has been more 
fortunate than many other mothers. Her son has returned tri- 
umphant, and the cause of liberty prospered because the wo- 
men embraced it with so much ardour. 

Before leaving me, M. Denain brought to my notice that 
fine prophecy in the sublime political satire of our young and 
great poet, Barthelemy, entitled, 1830 :* 

Vouy done que le monarque a mis dans ce haut rang 
Oil I'on peut demander Por et meme le sang ; . 

Hardis preparateurs qui, sans bien les connaitre, 
Triturez chaque jour la poudre et la salpetre, 
Gardez-vous de tenter un frotlement trop dur ; 
Quand vous portez un coup, qu'il soit prudent et suir ; 
Songez que sous vos pieds le calme est transitoire : 
Depuis les premiers terns de notre antique histoire, 
II existe toujours des Francs et des Gaulois,. 
Les amis du pouvoir et les amis des lois ; 
L'un de ces deux partis soumis au plus habile 
Comprime non sans peine une humeur indocile, 
Et conime Pours captif, esclave independant. 
Sous sa bride de fer obeit en grondant. 
Que leur feirite union, treve indeterminee. 
Dure de jour en jour ou d'annee en annee : 
Que le faible, content de dominer le fort, 
Derobe tout pretexte a sa haine qui dort ; 
Que du serment commun nul d'entre eux ne s'ecarte. 
Tant qu'armes de leurs droits, appuyes sur la Charte, 
Nos iriinistres hautains, dispendieux commis, 
Viendront nous demander leur salaire promis, 
D'un pacta dur pour nons rigides signataires, 
Livrons sans murmurer nos' deniers tributaires ; 
Malheur a I'insense qui viendrait a dessein 
Du poids de son epee aggraver le bassin I 
Au moment de I'oser qu'il medite et qu'il tremble I 
On dit que du Conseil ou la nuit les rassemble 
D'epouvantables bruits vers nous ont cireule, 
" Que les vagues echos de leurs murs ont parle 

D'edit, de coup d'Etat ou de lit de justice 

Silence ! que jamais ce mot ne retentisse ; 

Le pacte enfreint par eux serait rompu par nous ; 

Lasse depuis long-tems de marcher a genoux, 

* This satire is sold at Denain's, Bookseller, Rue Vivienne, Paris ; 
j^nd by M. Dulan, Soho, London. 



^8 ANNALS OF THE 

Au seul geste, au signal d'un ordre illegitim^, 
Ce peuple bondirait d'un elan unanime, 
Et brisant sans retour d'arbitraires pouvoirs, 
II se rappellerait le plus saint des devoirs. 

This prophecy anticipated by several months the catastrophe 
of the ministers. 

During the same evening there were circulated many re- 
ports which ray son communicated to me. It was affirmed 
that the constitutional Peers had wished to remonstrate with 
the King, but that he bad declined receiving them ; that the 
new Deputies who had arrived in Paris had met, and had pro- 
tested against the illegality of the ordinances ; that in the 
course of the day many other Deputies were expected, as well 
as the venerable Lafayette ; it was also asserted that M. de- 
Belleyme had been arrested for having authorized the printing 
of the Journal du Commerce ; that all Paris was in the utmost 
agitation ; that the public indignation was general ). and that 
some great disaster was expected. 

Wednesday, July^2BtL 
At four on the morning of Wednesday^ the 28th, 1 repaired 
to my observatory, and my son went in quest of news. The 
usual noise of coaches, ^c. had ceased, and unusual tranquil- 
lity prevailed on the Boulevards of Paris. The Omnibuses 
and Dames Blanches were no longer conveying the Parisians 
from one extremity of the capital to the other for thirty cen- 
times, and the fiacres were all put up ; the only vehicles to be 
seen were a few cabriolets and caleches driving in the direc- 
tion of the harrieres. 

Before 6 o'clock the Boulevard was crowded with working 
men. Some had arms, and others were loudly demanding 
to be supplied with them. They were informed that Fran- 
coni's and the theatres la Gdtte et V Amhigu-Comique were 
distributing the arms they used in their military spectacles. 
The men hurried towards the Boulevard of the Temple ; but 
all the arms were disposed of. Thus disappointed, they re- 
newed their cries for " arms" and " commanders," and many 
added " a provisional government !" Those who had muskets 
descended from the Boulevard, and many others followed them 
with sticks and pikes. 

The crowd which hurried to the centre of Paris did not con- 
sist entirely of the working class of people. I observed many 
well-dressed men, and even young men of fashionable appear- 
ance. The latter were for the most part armed with musketS 
and aabjes^ and were also furnished with cartridge-boxes* 



EEVOLtTTlON IN FRA2s^iCE, 1830. 9D 

Finding that my son did not return as soon as I expected, I 
began to be alarmed. Our breakfast hour arrived and he was 
still absent. 

None but those who are similarly situated can conceive my 
anxiety ! People were constantly arriving ; but I did not re- 
cognise, in the men whom I saw defiling, the famous, the re- 
doubtable Faubourg St. Antoine. I had as yet seen nothing 
alarming, nothing hideous. 

At length my son returned, covered with dust and reeking 
with perspiration. He had been, at the Palais Royal, and he 
informed me of all he had seen and heard. There had been 
fighting until two in the morning in the Rue Saint Honore, 
and many persons had been killed. He assured me that pre- 
parations were making for the mo&t vigorous resistance ; that 
some of the streets were unpaved ; that the National Guard 
was about to appear in uniform ; that General Lafayette was 
in Parisj and whither the ministers had fled was unknown. 
There were no Journals, no documents from authority. A pro- 
visional government was every w^here called for. The name 
of Lafayette was repeated from mouth to mouth among the Na- 
tional Guards, and the people in general. 

At eleven in the forenoon, ordinances and patroles rapidly 
succeeded each other on the Boulevard St. Antoine. The pa- 
troles consisted of a hundred men, and they marched along the 
whole width of the Boulevard, which by this means they 
cleared, while the people took refuge in the back alleys, ex- 
claiming '^ Vive la Cliarte /" "•Vive la Liberie !^^ 

I soon heard men coming from the centre of Paris, crying, 
'* Vive la ligneP^ '•' a has le Roi /" These new cries led me 
to suppose that the troops of the line had fraternized with the 
citizens, and that a great revolution had commenced. 

The wind, blowing from the east,*prevented the inhabitants 
of this quarter from hearing the fusilade in the Rue St. Honore, 
and its neighbourhood. About one o'clock, several discharges 
of musketry announced a skirmish on the Boulevard St. Mar- 
tin, or even nearer. I was all ears ; and the populace, both 
armed and unarmed, thronged in the direction of the firing. 

The cannonade was now heard at a greater distance : — it 
was therefore evident that there was fighting at several points ! 
The fusilade approached the Boulevard St. Antoine ; and the 
fires in file, and fires in platoon, were distinctly heard. This 
firing lasted nearly an hour. 

The people who were hurrying to the Place de la Bastile 
informed us that there had been an engagement at the Port 
St. Denis, and on the Boulevard St. Martin ; that the troops 



100 AKNALS OF THE 

of the line had constantly shown themselves disposed to dis» 
obey the ministerial orders, but that the Royal Guard had fired 
every where, even at the windows which they saw open. 

A lady, who lodges in our house, has just arrived from the 
scene of action, where she happened to be, greatly against her 
inclination. She fancies she yet hears the balls whizzing 
around her, for she had saved her life by taking refuge in a 
stationer's shop ; and she informed us that the troops were 
marching towards our quarter, which had hitherto been tole- 
rably peaceable, compared with the other districts of Paris. 
On the other hand, I was informed that the inhabitants of the 
Faubourg St. Antoine were organizing themselves and pre- 
paring for defence. " Where then is your Faubourg St. An- 
toine, of which so much has been said ?" inquired I, in a tone 
of dissatisfaction ; " is it composed of the working people 
whom I have seen passing by since the morning, and of 
whom five-sixths are not even furnished with sticks ?" '< What 
you have seen is nothing,'' answered a person who came from 
that Faubourg ; " you will see the Faubourg St. Antoine come 
down in the course of the day." 

At that moment discharges of musketry, at the distance of 
about two hundred paces, announced that there was an engage- 
ment near at hand. There was a great commotion in the 
back alleys of the Boulevard, where there were still many 
working people collected. There was a cry of '* Close your 
windows 1" and immediately a vast number of troops de- 
bouched, at a quick step, marching in close columns, the whole 
width of the boulevard. A party of soldiers, ranged as sharp- 
shooters, preceded them at the distance of twenty paces. 
These sharp-shooters fired in the air, and often at the win- 
dows ; they did not wish them to remain open, lest the troops 
should be fired at. Unfortunately the blinds of my chamber 
window were open and fastened against the wall, and I could 
not rise to close them. I was, therefore, exposed to danger ; 
for 1 was behind my window, and a soldier of the Royal Guard, 
who mistook my crutches for muskets on the rampart, threat-- 
ened me. I turned half round and concealed myself behind 
the thick wall, thinking that it would be doubly vexatious to 
be killed so foolishly. 

The sharp-shooters continued firing. The chief portion of 
the troops marched forward in silence, At the guard-house, 
which was before me, the customary forms were observed. 
The word of command was given by the advanced guard, and 
the troop defiled. After a regiment of infantry came a squad- 
ron of lancers, and then more infantry, and cuirassiers. The 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. * 101 

'dust, and the position in which I was forced to remain, hin- 
dered me from seeing whether there was any artillery ; but a 
few moments afterward I was convinced that there was some. 

This troop, all of the Royal Guard, foot as well as horse, 
which I estimate at about 2000 men, took up its position on 
the Place de la Bastile. But no sooner had it arrived there, 
than the firing of musketry was heard in that direction. 
Firing in file and in platoon succeeded each other without in- 
termission, and the report of cannon was heard every three 
or four minutes ! There was loss of life on both sides. The 
inhabitants, having but very few arms at their disposal, were 
forced to retire before the column, which then advanced as 
far as the cross roads of Reuilly. Here it was reinforced by 
a battalion and two pieces of cannon from Vincennes. 

1 was afterward informed that the discharge of musketry 
had been vigorously kept up a little beyond the Rue de Cha- 
ronne, where many victims had fallen ; that the houses at the 
corner near the fountain were perforated with balls ; and that 
scarcely a pane of glass remained in the windows. It was at 
this fountain that the citizens made the greatest resistance ; 
while the troops were fired upon, stones, sticks, and every 
thing that the inhabitants could collect, were thrown from the 
windows. 

The column advanced no farther ; but soon returned to the 
Place de la Bastile, whence it proceeded to the Place de 
Greve, by the way of the Rue St. Antoine. The troops fired 
in the street ; the people returned the fire ; and here, as well 
as in the Rue de Faubourg, stones were thrown from the win- 
dows as well as from the roofs of the houses. This column 
discharged several pieces of cannon in the Rue St. Antoine: 
the traces of balls are still visible on several houses ; among 
others, on that at the corner of the Rue St. Paul. Notwith- 
standing the sustained firing of the musketry and artillery, the 
Royal Guard could not advance fiirther than the Rue Beau- 
doyer, whence it returned to the Place de la Bastile. 

All this transpired between two and three o'clock. The 
firing then ceased ; but about five o'clock the troop again en- 
tered the Rue du Faubourg St. Antoine. The firing of mus- 
ketry and artillery was again renewed in that quarter, and 
many citizens were killed or wounded. The cannon, which 
were fired against the windows, knocked down chimneys, &c. 
A sign, at the third story of the house called the soldat culti^ 
vateur^ was broken by balls, traces of which are also visible on 
several other houses. ^ 

This second discharge of musketry lasted more than three- 
K 



102 annaIs of the 

quarters of an hour, and cost, it is said, the lives of thirty or 
forty inhabitants, exclusive of the wounded, who were still 
more numerous. 

At six o'clock the column returned to the Place de la Bas- 
tile, where it appeared disposed to bivouac. It was recalled 
by an urgent order in the direction of the Place de Greve, 
whither it repaired by the way of the quays. This movement 
astonished me ; I could only account for it by supposing that 
the people had obtained advantages in the centre of Paris, 
and in the direction of tlie I'uileries. 

From that moment there were neither troops nor patroles 
in our neighbourhood : nothing remained but the guard-house. 
Some citizens collecied, marched on the guard-house, and dis- 
missed the guard, consisting of troops of the line, but with- 
out doing them any injury. The citizens kept possession of 
that point until eight or nine b'clock, when some men, return- 
ing from the centre of Paris, set fire to the guard-house, which, 
as it was constructed of painted wood, was soon consumed. 
I was much gratified to observe that these men, who were so 
furiously destroying the guard-house, took great pains to pre- 
serve a small barrack adjoining, in which a poor woman sold 
fried potatoes : it was saved from the flames. 

But, while the barrack of the Boulevard St. Antoine was thus 
spared, that called the Curtius, on the Boulevard of the Tem- 
ple, underwent great vicissitudes, on account of the busts of 
the royal family which were exhibited there. The wax images 
of Charles X., the Dauphin, the Dauphiness, the Dutchess de 
Berri, Mademoiselle and the Duke de Bourdeaux, were broken 
to pieces, as well as the busts of the Popes and holy person- 
ages by whom the royal family were surrounded. Every one 
carried oflfa fragment, exclaiming, " Down with Charles X. 1" 
"Down with the Bourbons!" *VDown with the family who 
are the enemies of our glory and liberties!" 

The evening concluded, in our part of the town, with the 
breaking of a street lamp, by some ill-looking labouring men, 
the only individuals of that class whose appearance had hi- 
therto displeased me. They seemed thoroughly intoxicated, 
and had, probably, come from the cabaret^ and not from the 
field of battle. 

We now learned that there had been fighting all day in the 
neighbourhood of the Hotel de Ville and the Louvre ; but I 
was unable to learn any particulars. 1 was, however, assured 
that next day all the National Guards would be under arms, 
that we should have a provisional government, and that all 
would go well. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 103 

Thursday^ July 29ifA. 
This was a lovely morning. There was a slight mist, and 
the heat did not promise to be so great as on the preceding 
day, when it had been 27^. 

At five o'clock some musk^t-shots, fired pretty near me, 
made me feel some alarm. The commotion which prevailed 
every where on the Boulevard, denoted an eagerness and an 
enthusiasm which I had not yet observed from my window. 1 
soon learned that the shots 1 heard had been fired at the door 
of the gens-d'armes' barracks, m the Rue de Tournelles, which 
the people had taken without resistance. The gens-d'armes 
who were there surrendered their sabres, carbines, pistols, 
cartridge-boxes, &c., with Vv^hich a great number of the citi- 
zens had armed themselves. My son, who assisted at the dis- 
tribution of the spoil of this barrack, related to me many traits 
of the captors' disinterestedness and humanity. Whatever 
hatred they entertained against the gens-d'armes, as soon as 
they saw them disarmed they helped them to carry their knap- 
sacks, and all that belonged personally to themselves, and no 
one attempted to purloin any of their property. The fugitives 
were even escorted to protect them from danger. The agents 
and clerks in the post-oflTice, which is in front of the barrack, 
behaved admirably to the gens-d'armes, some of whom were 
allowed to deposite their uniforms in the post-office, I soon 
saw a party of the victors passing along the Boulevard Gen- 
dearmerie. They were elated with the joy of their success. 

Meanwhile other musket-shots were heard in the direction 
of the Faubourg St. Antoine. The citizens were trying their 
muskets. 

The collection of armed men, among whom were many lads 
not more than fifteen or sixteen, momentarily increased be- 
neath my window. Enthusiasm was at its height. I heard 
cries of " Viv^ la liberie T^ " A has les Bourbons r'' " Vive 
la CharteP'' '' Vive le drapeau tri-coloreP^ And some even 
presumed to raise the cry of '' Ywe Napoleon //./" I was 
informed that the famous Faubourg St. Antoine would appear 
at nine o'clock. 

I now, for the first time, saw the National Guards pass by in 
uniform. This gave me great pleasure. The people received 
them with cries of " Vive la Garde Nationale P^ A moment 
after, cries of '' VivelaligneP'' were addressed to some un- 
armed foot-soldiers who passed by with their knapsacks on 
their backs. They inquired their way home. Those who di- 
rected them, said, '* Bon voyage^ hon voyage^ comrades ; tell 



104 ANNALS OF THE 

our friends there that we shall speedily make an end of thk^ 
and that, if France does as we do, the tri-coloured flag will be 
waving every where in a week. These soldiers, 1 was in- 
formed, belonged to one of the corps of the line which had 
fraternized with the inhabitants. In the course of the day, 
many more of these troops passed. 

The sun, which until eight o'clock had been concealed, shone 
out brightly about nine o'clock. Many unarmed citizens 
were still lingering on the Boulevard, when some young men 
with good muskets, passed and said, " Go to the Arsenal ! it 
has just surrendered, and they are distributing arms and pow- 
der." On hearing this, ail hurried off in the direction of the 
Arsenal. 

At this moment, I heard drums beating a quick march. 
They were those of the National Guard of the Faubourg. A 
quarter of an hour afterward, cries of joy? and the beating of 
a quicker march, announced the approach of a citizen troop, 
which defiled by the Rue St. Antoine. The National Guards 
m uniform were at its head, a tri-coloured flag floated in the 
ranks, and the whole population greeted it with acclamations. 

Let it not be said that a flag or a cockade is merely a vain 
sign. Men become attached to them, wear them with pride, 
and often lose their lives rather than abandon them. The glo- 
rious tri-coloured flags are noble national colours, awakening 
dear recollections in the mind of every Frenchman. I could 
well conceive the transports of joy excited by the sight of the 
tri-coloured flag, inasmuch as I myself shared them. I recol- 
lected that those colours had, as it were, waved over my 
cradle. I had seen them float amid those demi-brigades which 
conquered and regenerated Italy ; and, amid these glorious 
recollections, 1 thought of the many hours which, since the 
restoration of the Bourbons, I had passed on the quays of Mar- 
seilles, gazing on the Dutch flag ; the three colours of which 
served to call up gratifying illusions. I had always hoped that 
the enormous fault committed by the Bourbons, in proscribing 
the national colours, would sooner or later furnish the friends 
of liberty with a rallying point, that might prove fatal to those 
who had rejected the tri- colour. 

After this first national troop, which came down from th^ 
Faubourg St. Antoine to the centre of Paris, three numerous 
battalions defiled successively, drums beating and colours fly- 
ing. Meanwhile, the commotion continued on the Boulevard 
St. Antoine. Armed men continued to arrive from that quasi* 
tor until nearly noon. 



i^lJVOLtJtlON IN FRANCE, 1830. l05 

An extraordinary calm now prevailed. No vehicle was stir- 
ring, no noise disturbed the silence which prevailed in the 
Marais ; for the direction of the wind prevented us from hear- 
ing the engagements at the Hotel de Ville, the Louvre, and the 
Tuileries. We, in the Marais, were tranquil, while blood was 
flowing in the centre of Paris, as it had flowed the day before 
on the Place de la Bastile ! 

The heat was excessive, A poor marchand de coco^ was 
passing along the Boulevard, when two armed men approached 
him, and each drank a glass of lemonade. One of the two put 
his hand into his pocket for the purpose of paying. ^' Never 
mind, never mind," said the marchand decoco, '^ the republic 
will pay for it." The men thanked him, and set ofl*at a rapid 
pace. 

At the same instant two old men met each other. " Whither 
are you going, neighbour ?" inquired the one. <' I am carry- 
ing some dinner to my son, who has been down there all the 
morning.*" Thus these brave fellows went out to fight without 
knowing where they were to get a dinner. And yet our ene- 
mies scruple not to say, that the revolution of July, 1830, was 
bought by gold. The brave artisans of the Faubourg St. An- 
toine who repulsed the soldiers employed by traitors, were 
obliged to journey a league to get their dinners. They had 
not worked during the week, and we know that summer Sun- 
days are fatal to their pockets. 

About two o'clock, my son came to inform me of some dis- 
asters which had taken place on the Place Royale. One of the 
people, armed with a musket, had killed an oflFicerof the Na- 
tional Guard carrying despatches ; he had mistaken him for an 
officer of the Royal Guard, and, being somewhat intoxicatedjr 
had fired his piece at the oflicer. But no sooner had he com- 
mitted this unwitting assassination, when another citizen laid 
him dead on the spot. Soon after a thief was taken, and shot 
on the same spot. The people seemed indignant to find that 
there were thieves arnong the ranks of the patriots, an 1 they 
made a prompt and severe example of him. 

A man, in a state of intoxication, who had menaced with 
his loaded musket the people who were peaceably walking 
along the Boulevard, was disarmed before my eyes, in spite of 
the resistance he made. The citizens who seized him were 

* Whttt are called murchands de coco, in Paris, are men who carry on' 
their backs vessels filled with lemonade, sweetened with treacle,* 
"ihey sell this beverage at two liards per glass. 
K2 



106 ANNAIiS OF THE 

mechanics. " No one," said they, " should drink to-day ; to'-^ 
morrow we will drink success to the republic." The piece 
thus obtained served to arm a youth, who set off at full speed. 

It was about five o'clock, when discharges of musketry, di- 
i^ected upon the Boulevard of the Temple, again roused our 
attention. I could not conceive the cause of the firing. It 
was maintained without intermission ; but I did not observe 
the firing in file and in platoon, firing which I had noticed on 
the preceding evening. At the expiration of a few minutes^ 
shouts of joy, mingled with the discharge of musketry, an- 
nounced a victory. 

A man, decorated with an order, exclaimed, addressing him- 
self to me, >* It is all over. The Hotel de Ville, the Louvre,^ 
and the Tuileries, are taken. The Swiss and the Royal 

Guard, have retreated towards the Champs-Elysees We 

have a provisional government. General Lafayette is at the 
head of the National Guard : he has under his orders the brave 
General Gerard. The pupils of the Polytechnic School, the 
Students of Law and Physic, have immortalized themselves. 
The National Guard is covered with glory. In a word, the 
whole population has shown itself truly heroic. Old men, 
women, children, all have rivalled each other in ardour. This 
will be one of the greatest festival days Paris ever saw. Li- 
berty is saved, and for ever will dwell with the French." 

As the citizen pronounced these words, I felt myself trans- 
ported with joy. My dearest wishes were near being accom- 
plished. I had again seen the tri-coloured flag unfurled ; it 
now floated over the Hotel de Ville and the palace of the Tui- 
leries. I saw at the head of the National Guard that venera- 
ble general whose very name struck awe among the enemies 
of the people. I felt my heart dilate ; and yet I suffered some 
painful feeling amid all this happiness. I was deprived of 
the most precious of blessings, health, without which I could 
render my country no actual service. But, for a moment, I 
felt my calamity lightened ; and I thought I could have run 
and embraced all the citizens whom I saw returning. I heard 
them cry, "J has les Bourbons T^ Several rounds of mus- 
ket-shot, fired into the air, announced to their wives and pa- 
rents that victory was with the people. 

General Lafayette was proclaimed the saviour of France \ 
cries of '^ Lafayette for ever!" " Liberty for ever!" rent the 
air ; for each company, each platoon, each group, repeated 
them once, and they were answered from the windows of the 
houses. 



REVOLUTION IN FRAI^OE, 1830. 101^ 

The conquerors continued to defile for a considerable time. 
The first stanzas of the Marseilles hynm were sung in chorus. 
I remarked in every company women between the ranks, car- 
rying the muskets and swords of their husbands and brothers. 
A great many of the boys were furnished with cartridge boxes ; 
and some had put on their fathers' fur caps. Never were my 
eyes so blessed. 

I was still gazing with rapture, when another spectacle, of a 
more affecting kind, appeared in view. A platoon of twenty 
armed men, preceded by some National Guards in uniform, 
carrying branches of laurel, and followed by many womeihwith 
children in their arms, issued from one of the cross alleys of 
the Boulevard. In the midst of this platoon was a bier, 
borne by several men ; it contained the remains of one of the 
victims of the preceding day. In the course of the evening 
many similar funerals passed my window. The people cried 
out '* hats off!" and every one uncovered with a feeling of re- 
ligious respect. 



ORIGINAL LETTER. 

In the annexed letter from an English gentleman to a friend, 
there is matter of amusement and interest. It has been 
obligingly communicated for this publication. 

August 2, 1830. 
My Dear R — -, ^ 

As you may wish to get some account of the events which 
are now known over Europe, I write for your satisfaction a 
short notice of the circumstances which fell under my own ob- 
servation. After paying a dreadfully long bill at Calais, we 
took our seats in the diligence, and in about thirty-six hours 
arrived at Paris, On Monday, the 26th, we took a warm bath 
and lodgings, and walked through some of the streets before 
we retired for the night. 

On Tuesday we awoke, anticipating novelty and pleasure,- 
and saw more of the city. We w^ere rather disappointed by 
not finding the gayety and light-heartedness we expected ; there 
appeared bustle and anxiety rather than amusement and absence 
of care. At that timaw^e little knew the cause. 

About two o'clock, on our return home, we saw a large body 
of military, horse and foot, drawn up in an open space near tha 



108 ANNALS Of< TH£^ 

Champs-EIysees. We stopped to observe their appearance^ 
and compare with our own men at home, and came to the con- 
clusion that scarcely any troops could be found to beat them.- 
Some of the cavalry soon cantered away, and we went to our 
lodgings. 

To understand me perfectly, I must acquaint you that the 
Louvre, the Tuileries, and the Champs-EIysees, are in a con- 
tinued line by the side of the Seine, and in the order men- 
tioned, and that our lodgings are near the quays, but not on 
them, on the opposite side of the Louvre, &c. There are broad 
quays on both sides. 

After dinner we went to walk in the gardens of the Tuile- 
ries, and spent some time in admiring the novelty of the style. 
A bustle at one end attracted our attention, and we hastened 
to discover the matter. Near some new buildings in a state of 
progress were a set of men destroying the pipes for water j, 
and, at the end of this building, heaping up piles of stones, 
and making a breast-high barrier across the street. This was 
in the Rue St. Honore. Not understanding the language, and 
unwilling to expose our ignorance by asking questions, we re- 
mained a short time looking on, and then thought it ad- 
visable to retire. There was the appearance of increasing tu- 
mult, and we moved away until we came to a large church. 
We stood on the steps three or four minutes, busy in conjec- 
turing the cause of what we had seen, when a loud shout 
arose ; and on looking towards the barrier, we saw a body of 
cavalry approaching it, and then we perceived the purpose for 
which it had been thrown up. The troop of horse was met 
with such a shower of stones and other missiles as quickly 
caused it to waver. Infantry advanced from behind, and, when 
at the barrier, fired ; and in a moment the crowd was dispersed. 
We were within twenty yards, and, hastily quitting the dan- 
gerous position we had unwittingly taken up, we hurried across 
the street, and found shelter in a druggist's opposite. The 
firing continued for a short time, and then the soldiers occu- 
pied the place we had quitted. We were still ignorant of what 
was the matter ; for the druggist was in a dreadful state of ex- 
citement, and, when the soldiers appeared opposite his house, 
he had ordered a dead silence to be kept. They marched off 
to secure the advantage they had gained, and the door was once 
more opened. I should have stated that the shops were all 
closed, and our getting shelter was providential in the extreme. 
As soon as the soldiers had left, the man of the house ap- 
proached Tom, and, taking him by the shoulder, told him, in* 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 109 

English, *' that he could not permit his stay there ; that his 
honse was not provided" (against a siege I suppose), " and that 
he could not harbour us." We vi^ere obliged to leave the house, 
and, as tumult and musketry mingled their discordant sounds 
behind us, we hurried forward, not knowing whither we went, 
or how we could return. Our uncertainty and personal dan^ 
ger resulted from our ignorance of French, and consequently 
of any cause existing for disturbance. We had convincing 
proof that child's play was not the order of the day. Before 
we went ten yards, jhree men passed us covered with blood. 
One was of Herculean frame and colossal stature. He stag- 
gered towards us, exclaimed something in French, and drop- 
ped. He had been shot in the head ; and a finer body I never 
beheld. The other two hastened to the druggist's shop we had 
quitted. After making a circuit we turned down a street, pre- 
suming it might lead us to the river. At the end a crowd was 
collected round a man who had been shot through the breast, 
and was receiving assistance. Five minutes before we came 
up, the soldiery had passed this spot, had been obstinately and 
bravely resisted, but had forced their opponents to retire. The 
wounded man we saw was one of many whom they had left in 
that state ; this I learned afterward. You may imagine how 
we, who had come to Paris for amusement, were astonished 
and alarmed by the *' untoward events" in our first morning's 
walk, during which musketry was constantly ringing in our 
ears, mingled with execrations from the infuriated populace^ 
and the groans of wounded and dying men on all sides around 
us I We got home as soon as we could in safety, and inquired 
immediately concerning what we had seen ; but either our 
imperfect attempts at French were unintelligible, or those in 
the house were themselves ignorant of the cause, for neither 
could understand the other. We determined to go the next 
day to Galignani's, where we were certain of finding English^ 
men, and obtaining information. 

On Wednesday morning, after breakfast, we set out. Paris 
was in a frightful state of agitation. We passed through files 
of soldiers at the Pont INeuf. Within forty or fifty yards a 
huge barrier was thrown up. Paris is paved with square stones 
like those in Cheapside, but larger. These had been torn up 
and heaped together. Here there was an immense concourse 
of people, armed in every manner they could devise. We 
passed through the crowd and reached Galignani's, and there 
learned^ for the first time^ that a great people were fighting foj> 



110 ANNALS OF THE 

their liberties, and that '' war to the knife" had been deter- 
mined on. Scarcely had we entered Galignani's, when the at- 
tack commenced — this was about eleven o'clock. The firing 
continued all day, and with frightful exactitude. Cannon had 
not been used on Tuesday. To-day they played a chief part. 
Some gentlemen at Galignani's seemed much alarmed. One 
of them mentioned that he had applied for a passport, and was 
refused. The mails also had been stopped. The conflict con- 
tinued ail day; and I witnessed many marks of its effects. 
Wounded men were carried along, and I remarked that they 
were unaccompanied, except by those who bore them. The 
bearers w^ere generally two : the unfortunate man was laid on 
a sort of litter, made of two long poles, resting on the shoulders 
of the two men, and the sufferer was borne gently, but quickly. 
At the end of the Rue Vivienne is the Bourse, a noble build- 
ing answering to our Exchange. At this place I beheld a ci- 
tizen bear the dead body of a woman on his shoulder, and cast 
it among the people collected to hear the news. He spoke in 
French a few. words, which were answered by a loud and con- 
tinued shout, and the people hurried from the spot. I, with a 
few others, remained to gaze on the lifeless body. She was 
about forty years of age, and had been shot by one of the Swiss 
Guards. I learned that the address, delivered the moment be- 
fore, was to the effect that the hearers would be justly punished 
for their inactivity and debasement, if the hfe or death of their 
mothers and wives was of equal consequence in their eyes. 
The sight of the dead body, and this address, aroused the peo- 
ple to whom it was delivered. They instantly rushed off to 
attack the Swiss guard-house at the end of the Rue Richelieu ; 
and, out of 300 men stationed there, twenty only escaped death. 
The houses about this place have marks of the balls in every 
part. I made many excursions from Galignani's during the 
day, and never without seeing something indicatory of war- 
fare. We returned home about five o'clock, and about seven 
went to the quay. On the opposite side of the river, near the 
Louvre, were the King's troops, and on our quay were the ci- 
tizens and National Guard. They were loading, firing, and 
falling. That more have not been killed has astonished me ; 
for artillery was playing the whole time. I left this place 
about eight o'clock, and retired to bed at ten ; and the can- 
nonade continued all night. 

The next morning, Thursday, I saw but little change in the 
positions. The troops were nearer to the entrance of the 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. HI 

Louvre, and the National Guard and the people farther down 
the quay, showing that the latter had gained some ground. It 
was here that the military made their last stand. They were 
beaten into the Louvre. It was stormed, and the National 
Guard became masters of France. 

When we heard that the citizens were conquerors, we be- 
came anxious as to the fate of the foreigners in Paris, and went 
to Galignani's. In every direction were the citizens discharg- 
ing firearms, shouting " Vive la Chartel" and forcing every 
one they met to do the same. We of course joined in the 
shout. The first thing we beheld on crossing the bridge, on the 
other side, was a heap of bodies from yesterday's firing. We 
hastened from the sight, but only to witness similar scenes at 
every turn. One heap in particular attracted my attention. It 
was a small one — All the faces were upwards and covered with 
blood : on the summit was a youth of about sixteen, beautiful 
in face, and with a skin like snow — he appeared asIeep^ — in 
one hand was the remnant of some paper which he had used 
perhaps for wadding. I could hardly persuade myself that he 
was dead ; he lay so calm. We hastened on and lost our- 
selves in endeavouring to find Galignani's. On entering a street, 
we came upon a single body of tremendous size ; I knew it at 
once — it was the man that fell in the contest of Tuesday from 
the first fire. We then discovered where we were. At Ga- 
lignani's they said a siege was threatened, and that the English 
were in great odium with the French. The tri-coloured cock- 
ade was at this time worn by every body, and of course by me. 
On our return home we found the Place du Carousel, which is 
the square of the Tuileries, occupied by the National Guard, 
who were then refreshing themselves. Many hundreds had 
neither taken food nor tasted drink for six-and- thirty hours, and 
this in such scorching weather as I never before endured. We 
hastened to^the Champs- Elysees, but every gate was occupied 
by citizens of the National Guard reeking from victory, and 
animated w^ith draughts of wine, which they were obliged to 
take unmixed to slake their thirst : water could not be obtained 
to mix with it. I presented myself boldly at one of the gates : 
it opened ; I entered, and my friend followed. We made for 
the other gate, not doubting but that we could depart as easily 
as we entered. What was our horror to find that every per- 
son that presented himself was searched! I had about 
me our passports, a letter to you giving some account of 
affairs here, and some letters of introduction which I had not 



!1£ ANNALS OF THE 

yet delivered. My friend had also letters of introduction to an 
officer of the Royal Guard, which woukl have been sufficient 
to seal our warrant, even could we have spoken to thenn in 
French. To retreat was impossible ; I therefore assumed a 
bold appearance. One of the searchers was in a state of in- 
toxication. In his hands at that moment was an old man with 
a small vessel of earthen-ware containing sugar ; tbis was 
dashed to the ground, after ascertaining that no paper was con- 
cealed in it. In a side pocket he had some printed papers, 
which the searcher paused to examine. While engaged in this 
work, a person came up briskly and demanded instant egress. 
He was known, and the gate immediately opened. I pushed 
after him, and was stopped. The searcher of the sugar vessel 
pulled open my coat, took off my hat, pressed his hands 
down my sides, and finally suffered me to pass. My friend 
followed, and thus we got free : — he forgot to examine our 
hind pockets. 

In looking at all this extraordinary business, I know not whe- 
ther more to admire the determination and bravery of the peo- 
ple, or the extreme mildness with which they have used their 
^ victory. People goaded to resistance by arbitrary power, and 
maddened by the loss of comrades, friends, and relatives in 
the struggle, were likely to commit excesses, while their ex- 
citation lasted. These high-spirited men, who risked their 
lives for liberty, showed that they wanted no more than they 
claimed—they avenged themselves, without revenge against 
their enemies. 

We came to Paris for recreation, and in a week saw the 
breaking out and termination of a mighty revolution. On the 
Monday following, the shops were open, people at their usual 
business, and gayety, ^ though with a subdued mien,' presiding 
in the public walks. The barriers in the streets are now mostly 
displaced, and the lamps are restored. 

I went on Sunday to view the place where some thousands 
of the citizens who fell on the three days are interred. Where 
the pit was dug it is enclosed by a railing. Flowers are sus- 
pended around, and there is intimation that subscriptions will 
be accepted for the widows and children of the deceased, and 
for the wounded. 

On the day of the victory, when all was over, the National 
Guard marched to the Bourse ; they were well armed, and a 
young girl, about seventeen years of age, and very handsome, 
was carried in triumph. She fought like a man — a second 
Joan of Arc — the whole time. 



HEVOXUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 113 



ANOTHER LETTER. 

Mr. Philip Taylor, formerly of Norwich, and long settled 

in the neighbourhood of Paris, writes as follows to his brother, 

^ Mr. Richard Taylor, of London, a gentleman well known as a 

learned printer, and a resolute asserter and defender of the 

principles of civil and religious liberty. 

Grenelle, Paris^ August dthy 1830. 
My dear R. 

On my return from Paris this evening, I found your letter 
of the 6th instant. I wrote to my nephew, J. E. T., on Friday^ 
the 30th of July, while bullets were still whistling over out 
heads, and while with my telescope I could see the tri-coloured 
flag on Notre Dame, and the white one on the Palace of St. 
Cloud. Expecting the Post would be interrupted, I took this 
letter to the English Ambassador's and enclosed it in a cover 
to J. We are all quite safe and well ; but you must have been 
anxious about us. The incessantroarof guns, the distant shouts, 
the tocsin, and the very sight of men nobly fighting in so sacred a 
cause, gave rise to feelings which you may in some faint degree 
imagine. I was much out of humour with the clogs which pre- 
vented my lending a hand. Never was a righteous end more 
righteously obtained ! The praises bestowed on the people 
in the newspapers are not more than they richly deserve. In 
a letter which I wrote to my nephew, jusl after the elections, I 
said that these people knew their rights and would defend them. 
I told him that the French army, that is, the line, could not be 
depended upon in any attack on the people. I never doubted 
as to the result, if such a conflict was commenced ; but I 
certainly did not calculate on such wicked fools as those 
who brought all this about. I have often expressed to you my 
opinion as to the sobriety, prudence, and -honesty of the lower 
classes in France ; but I did not expect to see the most un- 
daunted valour united with such moderation and forbearance. 
1 myself have seen what by some would be called the rabbh 
performing acts of the most generous kindness even to the 
Swiss who had been firing incessantly on them ! The instant 
they struck the banners of despotism, every angry feeling 
seemed to vanish. The last body of troops were driven from 
I'Ecole Militaire. I was among them, and the people on the 
plain of Grenelle. They were dreadfully cut up and exhausted* 
Wine and food were hberally given to them while their arms 

L 



1 14 ANNALS OF THE 

remained in their hands. During this conflict every sort of re- 
straint was at an end, yet was every description of property 
most religiously respected. After the fight was won, 1 had a 
multitude of poor fellows all around me in the Champ de Mars, 
&c., absolutely in want of food. I expected they would come 
and help themselves in my potato field, which was open to them. 
- — Nothing was touched — and, when I and my man dug up a 
load and sent to them, a person instantly begged my name, and 
put it down, stating the gift. Those who bore the brunt of the 
battle were chiefly the working men, and a vast proportion of 
these were little more than boys. Still they all appeared 
to knov/ and feel why they ought to fight. It was not for the 
sake of a row, nor had personal animosity any thing to do 
with it. AH appeared anxious to give their lives for their 
country, 

1 have always been the friend of the working classes in 
England as far as I had power of being so, and I do ardently 
wish that they could be deeply impressed by the example 
lately ^et them by the same class in France. As to bravery 
and intelligence, I have no doubt of their being equal ; but it 
is the independence and manliness of character which they 
should admire and imitate. It is this which makes the lower 
orders in France prudent, honest, and civil. This glorious battle 
was fought during three of the hottest days I ever remember. 
The quays were covered with casks of wine and brandy ; none 
was pillaged, nor did I see a drunken man during the fray. 
They certainly have triumphed most gloriously, and they appear 
jdelighted with their victory : still they can enjoy all this without 
getting drunk and making a tumult. This has been such a 
Cleansing Weeh"^ as no Norwich man ever before witnessed ; 
but, alas ! as a Norwich man, 1 feel mortified when I remember 
that in a mere ward election I have seen more that was dis- 
graceful, both in battle and triumph, than has here taken j)lace 
in turning out a King and all his vile crew. 

I believe the working classes in England are more to be 
pitied than blamed. They are generally treated like an infe- 
rior race of animals by the rich ; for mere money in England 
produces the vilest of all aristocratical feelings and conduct. 
These are most naturally met by either servility or brutality. 
If this haughty feeling on the part of the rich were in a degree 
neutralized by an equal degree of virtue and honesty, there 

• * A name given to the week appointed for the annual election of 
the Common Council, 



HEVOLUllON IN FllANCE, 1830. Il5 

itiight be something to say for it : but look at the English 
newspapers ; they are filled with examples of infamy in the 
higher^classes. Let us remember that there is scarcely a parish 
in Great Britain in which you may not find an unprincipled 
lawyer, ready to put all the infernal machinery of English 
law in motion, for the service of any rogue who can pay 
him. Look to Poor laws 1 Game laws ! and Excise laws I 
which are enforced by petty tyrants called Squires, or, worse, 
by men who are called Ministers of the Gospel. I don't 
wonder that the poor are reckless in England ; — the more they 
are enlightened, the more will they feel indignant; and it is 
natural that they should be ferocious. All these evils were 
put an end to by the former revolution in France, and what 
has been the consequence ? The regeneration of the national 
character, or rather the creation of a people virtuous enough 
to overthrow a bad government, and wise enough to form a 
good one, with the least possible quantity of tumult or sufiering. 
It is folly to say they might have done all this in 1789 ; — it was 
impossible, the materials were not fit for the work. Nor could 
such a change as this recent one in France be effected iri Eng- 
land. The very state of society is a bar to such a change. 
You must go on quietly getting what you can, and you can aim 
at no object more important than Election by Ballot. Look 
at the present Chamber of Deputies, actually elected during 
the reign of Charles X,, who with his wicked Ministers did 
all they could to trick, awe, and bribe the voters. Yet this 
present Chamber has the full confidence of the people, and is 
• equally well suited to the present order of things. The only 
change required is an extension of the right of voting, whiph 
w^iil be made. That accursed contrivance to destroy both re- 
ligion and good government, by the union of Church and 
State, is at an end. There will no longer exist a political 
religion to disgust men with the very name ; and the true 
spirit of religion will soon find its place in the minds of the- 
people. 

As the newspapers have given you full details as to what has 
been done, and is doing, I have not thought it necessary to re- 
peat them. I saw Louis Philippe L go to the Chamber; he 
is a fine hearty fellow. I saw that man of men, the good old 
General, yesterday. Oh, lie looks so happy ! What a de- 
lightful finish to a long and well-spent life ! 

I am glad to see that you have started a subscription among 
ihe working classesv Nothing is more important for the peace 



Its ANNALS OP THE 

and welfare of both countries than a friendly feeling, and no- 
thing will do more to bring this about than the very thing yoii^ 
propose. The number of subscribers is far more important 
tban the sum subscribed ; I almost wish a portion of this money 
could be employed in placing some lasting memorial of the 
English feeling on this occasion. I shall call on La Fayette 
in a few days. I beheve he is as anxious for peace abroad 
as for good government at home, and this sentiment is^ 
general. 

Let me hear how this subscription goes on; and, if 1 can 
do any thing here, set me to work. We are all quite well. 
All the young ones are in high go. The boys came home on^ 
Saturday with their colours mounted. S. is playing La Mar- 
seillaise, and E. acts the whole Garde Nationale. AH is per- 
fectly tranquil ; the streets are repaying, and every thing looks 
as gay and bus3f as if nothing had happened. No one of 
my acquaintance has suffered in any way. Public credit stands 
higher than ever. The exchange with England is almost at 
par. 

lam glad to hear that the B. & W. cockade has triumphed 
in Norwich. I remember wearing the tri-colour there nearly 
forty years ago.— May nothing soil this glorious badge of 
liberty I Send me, if you can, the music of '* Fall, Tyrants, 
fall !" O, how I wish you and E. had come here, just for the 
revolution I You might have seen the whole performance in a 
week. He must come and see us. This France will be a bettei? 
country than ever to live in. Believe me 

Your affectionate Brother, 

P. 



FRIDAY, JULY 30. 

The Moniieur, in the absence of an acknowledged govern- 
ment, was not published yesterday. This morning it appeared^ 
bearing the dates of the 29th and 30th of July. The follow- 
ing officii article constituted its entire contents : — 

*' PROVISIONAL GOVERISMENT. 

'* The Deputies present at Paris have found it necessary to 
assemble to remedy the serious dangers which threatened the 
security of persons and groijerty. A. commissiaq, hasi b.e,ea, ap- 



lifiVOliFTIOrJ IN FRANCE, iSSO. 117 

jDointed to watch over the interests of all, in the entire absence 
of a regular organization. 

*' Messrs. Audry de Puiraveau, Comte Gerard, Jacques La- 
fitte, Cornte de Lobau, Mauguin, Odier, Casimir Perrier, and 
De Schonen, compose thi§ Commission. 

'* General Lafayette is Commander-in-chief of the National' 
Guard. 

" The National Guard are masters of Paris at all points." 



At two o'clock in the morning the mails with yesterday's let- 
ters were despatched under the protection of the National 
Guard. The carriages were at the barriers, and the bags were 
conveyed to them. 

Not a soldier was to be seen in Paris, excepting those of the' 
line, who had refused to fire. Yesterday evening the division 
of General Bourdesouille appeared at the iron gate of the ave- 
nue to Paris, desiring permission to re-enter Versailles, in order 
to return to its quarters ; but the National Guards informed the 
General that his troops must not return into the city unless they 
laid down their arms, and that if they used force they would be 
resisted. The General did not venture an attack ; his troops 
bivouacked on the road, and this morning, after some parley- 
ing, an arrangement was made, and the whole division entered, 
amid cries of ""Vive la Gharte P^ This division was com- 
posed of a battalion of the gen-d'armerie of Paris, both horse 
and foot ; of a regiment of grenadiers, on horseback ; of a 
company of horse artillery ; and a regiment of cuirassiers. 

The furious and deadly struggle of yesterday had decided 
the question between Charles X. and the people ; and they re- 
posed in security. This morning there prevailed a perfect calm 
and stillness throughout the city. Until a late hour the com- 
batants for liberty were reposing from fatigue and exhaustion. 
Some who lived in distant quarters, and had been too wearied 
to reach their humble homes, threw themselves into recesses or 
any places they could find convenient for rest. At noon, on 
the stalls of the Palais Royal, there were young men lying ap- 
parently dead, without their coats, with their muskets across 
their breasts ; they were buried in p^rofound sleep. It was a^ 
delicious morning — as warm as during the three days, when^ 
the glass, wi^h little variation, was at 86°. 

Orders had been given the evening before for military ra- 
tions of provisions,' and by noon 60,000 rations of bread were 
i?eady tx) be distributed^ to^ the national volunteers, who hadi 

La 



118 A^JfALS 01* TiM' 

left their work to fight for the <^good old cause.'^ TliW 
precaution, in their behalf, was prudent and just. They were 
workmen who had been paid their wages on the Satur- 
day, most of which had been exhausted by claims the same 
evening ; and, probably, little was left on Monday for them- 
selves or their families, since when they had earned nothing but- 
laurels. 

The markets to-day were well sui>plied with provisions, which= 
were sold with the same security as usual. The vehicles which 
brought provisions from the environs of Paris remained at the 
barriers, because the streets were barricaded and otherwise 
impassable. The dealers went and fetched their supplies in 
baskets. 

To succour the wounded, and dispose of the killed, were im- 
mediate cares. The dead were buried in the streets, markets, 
and other convenient spots. The number that perished in the 
Louvre was great. Eighty were borne to a spot opposite the 
eastern gate, and buried with military honours. Those that 
fell near the Seine were stripped and tied in sacks, put on board 
lighters, carried down the Seine, and interred in the Champ 
de Mars, A considerable number, among whom were four 
Englishmen, were buried ia the Marche des Innocens. In the 
Quartier des Halles there had been terrible carnage. The in- 
habitants at the corner of the Rue de la Cordonnerie dug a 
temporary grave, which they ornamented with flowers, laurels, 
and funeral elegies, in honour of the brave defenders of their 
country buried in that place. 

The Bourse and other public buildings were converted into 
hospitals, where the wounded were attended by hundreds of 
ladies ; for the men were under arms, or occupied with other 
important duties. The Rue Basse des Ramparts was con- 
verted, even during the battle, into one large receptacle for the 
wounded, by extending sheets from the houses to the wall of the 
Boulevards. At every instant were to be met biers with such 
of the mutilated defenders of public liberty as could be trans- 
ported to the hospitals with safety ; 1500 of all parties were 
in the Hotel Dieu alone. While each of these unfortunates 
passed, every man present spontaneously and respectfully took 
off his hat. The galleries of Vivienne and Colbert displayed 
a noble sight. All the merchandise deposited there, the linens^^ 
calicoes, &c., were torn up for bandages for the wounded. 

At an early hour the following, address was widely circu- 
lated :-— 



Devolution in franoe, 183t). 11§^ 

" ORDE OFFICIAL. 

^' Vive la patrie ! vive la liberte ! vive la Charte I et a bas 
Charles Dix ! 

^^ Vive le Due (I'Orleans, notre RoiP^ 

This paper obtained great attention, because it was printed 
at the Office of the National^ a journal greatly esteemed by the 
republicans, and usually deemed their organ. The reflecting 
men of this party were for the greatest happiness of the greater 
number ; agd being well acquainted with the character of 
the Duke of Orleans, they were convinced that all the advan- 
tages of a commonwealth, which France could enjoy, would be 
ensured by calling him to fill the vacant throne, upon condi- 
tions to be stipulated. The ultra-republicans were fewer in 
number, and not so well pleased. They cried, especially in 
the Faubourg, '-'- Vive la Republique /" A i^ew shouted, '' Vive 
Napoleon II. /" It was understood that Lafayette and the De- 
puties of the Extreme Left, in the Chamber, had consented, on 
certain guarantees for public liberty, to support the nomination 
of the Duke of Orleans. The prospect of this settlement was 
gratifying to the merchants, tradesmen, and wealthy classes, 
because it promised security for property. No one spoke of 
the return of Charles X. His adherents, and the only con- 
tenders for succession in his line, were returned emigrants, or 
their descendants, born with hereditary hatred to freedom ; and 
a band of slave-making priests, who glorified the monarchy, 
because it assisted them to dazzle the ignorant with the 
scorching splendour of the church, and obscure the light of the 
pure and^ undefiled religion of universal liberty. They were 
few in number, and desperate in purpose, and, under a disaster 
that deprived them of their rallying point, and which seemed 
to portend an end to priestcraft, and kings of the old school, 
they preserved a wily silence. 

The National contained an article declaratory of the gene- 
ral feeling, commencing as follows : — 

'^ Paris, July 3(y. 

'^ After fifteen years of an odious and dishonourable reigny 
the house of Bourbon is for the second time excluded from the 
throne. The Chamber of Deputies has this day pronounced 
this grand resolution, by calling the house of Orleans to the 
Lieutenant-Generalship of the kingdom. 

*^ This satisfaction was due to the French people, who have 
endured, during fifteen years, a Government incapable, vexa- 
t4ou3, prodigal, and injurious to the country. 



f20 ANNAIS OF THE 

" For fifteen years past, France has not been at liberty tb^ 
pronounce with eulogiuni the glorious names of the men who 
delivered her in 1789. The revolution was held to be an act 
for which the country was bound to repent, and to ask pardon. 
France was obliged to apologize for having wished to be free. 

" The brave men of the old army were almost compelled to 
find an excuse for their victories, or were obliged to receive 
from foreign hands the confirmation of their glory. 

" Trade was without protection. Our foreign intBrests 
were surrendered to the chances of alliance, calculated accord- 
ing to what was called an interest of dynasty. It is proper to 
be a friend of all, but it is not well to be weak with respect to 
any one. 

*' Our finances were the prey of a frightful system of waste ; 
our roads in a vvoful state of neglect. France, the most civil- 
ized nation of Europe, has the worst roads. Our fortresses 
were all dismantled. The milliard which has been given to 
the emigrants would have sufiiced to put our roads and our 
fortresses in the best possible condition. 

^' France was subject to the command of incapable and de- 
generate princes, in-no way in harmony with the spirit of the 
nation. 

'< The throne was destined to pass from a feeble and obsti- 
nate father, destitute of all sort of knowledge, to a son without 
intelligence, and uriacqaainted with the interests he was to di- 
rect. 

** The future was as gloomy for France as the present. 

'^ Finally, this deposed family shed oceans of French blood 
for the cause of usurped power,— that comprehended in the 
ordinances. 

" But punishment was not long delayed. The ordinances 
subversive of our rights appeared on Monday, and this day, 
Friday, the forfeiture is pronounced. 

" The Chamber felt the necessity of establishing a govern- 
ment in lieu of that just overthrown. We need a prompt, vi^ 
gorous, and active organization. Situated in the centre of Eu- 
rope, amid a number of rival powers, v*^e require a firm and 
stable government. The republic, which has so many attrac- 
tions for generous minds, succeeded ill with us thirty years 
ago. Exposed to the rivalry of the generals, it fell under the 
blows of the first man of genius who tried to make himself its 
master. What we want is that republic, disguised under 
a monarchy, by means of representative government. The- 



REVOLTTTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 121 

Charter, always the Charter, with such modifications as rea- 
son and the pubUc interest indicate. In fine, the tri-colours." 

The streets were crowded with people of all classes ; senti- 
nels of the National Guard regulated the passage through them. 
The barricades having been opened on each side, the tide of 
passengers moved forward on the one hand, and those descend- 
ing the street kept the other. There were no groups, no shout- 
ing : not the least disturbance. If a child had known its way, 
it could have walked from one end of the city to the other, un- 
molested ; if it had strayed, it would have been conveyed to its 
home. The people, who had been two days fighting, had be- 
come the police. 

It is a fact suflicient to characterize the glorious revolution 
which delivered France from an odious and humiHating yoke, 
that to-day the Bank was guarded in part by the National Guard?^ 
and in part by those of the people whom an insolent aristocracy 
called canaille. The National Guard was mounted at other 
public edifices, and at the barriers, where neither exit nor en~ 
trance was allowed without an order. 

In different quarters of the city, the population endured se- 
vere privations. They mt3stly declined to accept assistance 
from those who were moved by their destitution. A gentlertian 
on several occasions proflTered money to persons who had hardly 
a shoe to their feet f in one instance only could he prevail upon 
a poor fellov/ to accept money. The man was oflfered five 
francs ; he refused that sum, and consented to take twenty sous^ 
which he said was to buy a few glasses of wine for himself and 
his comrades, who were ready to drop down in the street. 

There were scenes more agreeable and even ludicrous. Pro- 
cessions of armed men carried bread and other provisions, with 
exulting and whimsical devices, on the points of their bayonets. 
Workmen were mounted on the horses of cuirassiers, and 
horses of the guard of Charles X., whom they had defeated yes- 
terday. Boys, almost clotheless, wore the plumed hats of of- 
ficers and generals, and court swords dangled from the sides of 
porters and kennel-rakers. 

Whatever was the character of the Paris populace under 
the former revolution, when emerging from thorough slavery^ 
its passions were suddenly let loose and excited, and suflfered to 
rage uncontrolled, it is certain that its moderation during the 
last three days of sanguinary conflict is without parallel. The 
people waged war with desperate determination to conquer ; 
but their vengeance was without ill-blood.. They were resolved 



122 ANNALS OP TfiE 

to destroy the system of oppression, but they did not massacre^ 
its instruments. Many of them led off wounded soldiers with' 
as much care as they did each other ; and to-day after the vic- 
tory had been achieved, they met and mingled with those who 
had been opposed to them in the onset with high-minded gene- 
rosity and even kindly feelings. 

The 53d of the line, a fine regiment, upwards of 1000 strong, 
which had refused to continue in arms against the cause of their 
country, went to-day to receive its orders from the provisional 
government at the Hotel de Ville. The officers were cheered, 
ai)d returned the cheers .with expressions of good will : the 
soldiers and the people cordially grasped each other's hands. 
The 15th had been more hostile : small parties of this regi- 
ment walked about this morning with a certain subdued air, 
characteristic of the disarmed soldier. It was the business of 
the people to lighten their care : they stopped and talked, and 
mingled and drank with them, to put them at ease. 

Yesterday, the Hotel d'Invalides was not summoned and had 
not surrendered. This was memorable for having been the first 
place which the people assaulted and obtained arms from in the 
rovolution of 1789. To-day the white flag of Charles X. was 
not flying, but it had not mounted the tri-colours. A party of the 
people, headed by one of the Polytechnic Bchool, was ordered to 
march there. The governor refused to surrender it to that force. 
General Gerard then sent one of his aids-de-camp, and after 
some conversation the gates were opened, and about 600 other 
persons entered. The arms, consisting of about 300 firelocks 
and as many pikes, were given up. Several imagined that there 
was a greater stock, but the governor answered that all the 
arms belonging to the hospital had been kept in the Salle 
d'armes, which had been attacked the day before, and the^armg 
carried away. The -answer was satisfactory. Another com- 
mander was left, and the tri-coloured flag hoisted. When the 
people were about to depart, the invalids in the court yard 
said *' Eh bien, messieurs, have you hanged our dog of a go- 
vernor."—" No."' — " You would have done him no great in- 
justice. He yesterday made us charge the cannon, and the 
firelocks, to fire upon you in case of your coming to attack the 
Hospital, but he has given us no such orders to-day, and we 
have assisted you in entering." The people then, to the num- 
ber of 800, drew up in order in the Court Royal, and proceeded 
towards St. Cloud, where the king's troops were posted. 

While the conflict was raging in Paris yesterday, and the 
fesue uncertain, some young men, who wished to propagate 



EEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1B3Q, 123 

die impulse beyond the capital, hurried to the communes in the 
neighbourhood of Paris, and circulated proclamations inviting 
the citizens to form themselves into national guards. At half 
past four this morning, the tocsin was sounded at Mont Rouge, 
Vaugirard, Isay, and Vanvres. At Versailles the generale was 
beat at eleven, and the guard-house forced to surrender its arms. 
The National Guard immediately occupied all the posts. Yes- 
terday a squadron of carbineers, which fought with the Paris- 
ians before the Hotel de Ville at Paris, arrived at Versailles, so 
cruelly handled, that out of 130 or 160 men it could not count 
more than 40. Other squadrons which charged in other quar- 
ters of the capital masses of people originally inoffensive, ex- 
perienced losses in the same proportion. To-day the duke 
d' Angouleme distributed money among the defeated troops who 
fell upon the Parisians, with a promise of more, if they suc- 
ceeded in re-entering Paris, and the soldiers filled the public- 
houses at the neighbouring communes, to which they effected 
their retreat, eating and drinking away their gratuities. 

At the Tuileries was found the following paper, referring to 
the services of the military :— 

TO THE ROYAL GUARD. 

'* His majesty orders the duke of Ragusa to inform the troops 
of the line of his entire satisfaction at their good conduct dur- 
ing the last two days ; and orders that they shall receive one 
month and a half's pay." 

It was ascertained that the soldiers of the Royal Guard had 
already received from the royal treasury thirty francs a man, 
in order to induce them to fire upon the people. The soldiers 
of the 5th regiment of the line declared that they were pro- 
mised five-and-twenty, but had only received ten francs a man. 

The retreat of the troops did not engender security. Gene- 
ral Gerard posted strong detachments along the road towards 
St. Cloud, where there still remained theyung,the due d'Angou- 
leme, and several of the ministers. All the heights, however, 
were guarded, so as to prevent surprise from Paris. Some 
little skirmishing took place between the videttes of the people 
and the troops which commanded the bridges of Sevres and St. 
Cloud, 

At St. Cloud, the king reviewed the troops and harangued 
them ; but the soldiers were silent as the grave. The officers 
informed him that they were not to be relied on. He again pre- 
sented himself to the troops, and told them he should abdicate 
in favour of the duke of Angouleme. This was received with 



it4 ANNALS OF THE 

some applause. It is stated that he said, " My ministers have 
deceived me ! My army has deserted me ! Nothing remains 
but to remain at St. Cloud." He then informed the troops that 
both himself and his son would abdicate in favour of the ^* young 
duke of Bourdeaux, provided the duke of Orleans would be re- 
gent for him !" This proposition was received with coolness ; 
some cried ^^Vive le due de Bourdeaux^^^ most of them shouted 
•^ Vive la Charter^ — '^ Vive la liberie /" During the issuing 
of the ordinances and the commencement of the conflict, the 
dutchess of Angouleme had been at the baths of Vichy. On 
Tuesday she had gone to the theatre at Dijon, and was received 
with cries of" Vive la Charte!'"—'' Vive le 221." To-day, 
on arriving at Charenton, she was informed of the defeat of the 
military yesterday^ and proceeded incognito in a close carriage 
to St. Cloud. It is said that she reproached the king for the 
ordinances, and the attempt to enforce them by military execu- 
tion. Her opportunities of knowing and her capacity for judg- 
ing of the people and the troops were greater than the king's. 
In the afternoon, Charles was walking melancholy and pensive 
with^the dutchess of Berri and a nobleman of the court. " I 
have but one resource left," said Charles X. ; " it is, let our 
troops make a last effort." The dutchess of Berri threw her- 
self at his feet to dissuade him from this foolish idea. " But 
what can I do ?^' said the king. " Send to the duke of Or- 
leans," replied the courtier. Charles X. had sent the day be- 
fore to arrest the duke. To the very last moment he believed 
that force could subdue the feeling at Paris, and render him 
master of the capital. 



The appointment of General Lafayette to the command of 
the National Guard had the happiest effect. Forty years be- 
fore, at the beginning of the former Revolution, he had called 
out and organized that national and constitutional force for 
the preservation of the public safety. Under the Republic he 
laid down his hereditary title of Marquis, and never resumed 
it. He was exiled and proscribed by factions of his native 
land, and endured years of rigorous imprisonment in the dun- 
geons of foreign tyranny. He refused to aid despotism whether 
under Napoleon or the Bourbons. He rejected place, com- 
mand, honours, and titles, whether offered to him by usurped 
or right-divine royalty. Loving liberty above all things, this 
pre-eminent patriot had reaped a rich harvest of its principles 
in America, carefully cultured the seeds in France, and lived 
to see them take root. As the undeviating and undaunted 



RKVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 125 

champion of freedom, the peo|)]e now hoped for his assistance 
in preserving the fruit of iiis hibours. The public safety was 
committed to his keeping as Commander-in-Chief of the Na- 
tional Guard. Ills name and fame electrified the disbanded 
individuals of this civic body ; they rallied and resumed their 
arms, and to-day Lafayette was at the head of 80,000 enrolled 
citizens and tradesmen of Paris, as its National Guard. 



To-day thfe first care of the Provisional Government and the 
authorities in Paris was to maintain order. The venerable 
and good Lafayette indefatigably engaged himself to that end, 
and commenced by issuing the following 

'' ORDER OF THE DAY, July 30. 

" Let the means of defence be so organized in each legion, 
and let communications be .established, so that the weakest 
points may be most strongly guarded. Let a reserve be made 
for such of the legions as are least in danger, and be formed 
of a moiety of the disposable force, and let the abandoned 
barracks be as much as possible re-established. Let them be 
put into relation with the environs, so that no person may be 
permitted to pass beyond the barriers without a permission 
from the Commandant-in- Chief, or from the Commission of 
Government. Let a daily return be made to head-quarters of 
the numbers of each legion, and the state of the arras and am- 
munition. The Commandant renews his order to the Com- 
manders of legions for them to send daily an officer with 
twenty-five men to form the guard at head-quarters. There 
shall be established at head-quarters a body of twenty-five 
young men, to be employed in carrying out orders, and who 
shall be distinguished by a badge on the arm. 

'' From the Hotel de* Ville, this 30th of Julv. 

^^ LAFAYETTE." 

The Municipal Commission of Government appointed Baron 
Louis Minister of Finance. The troops of the Ministers had 
not time to carry away the public treasure, and this appoint- 
ment was immediately requisite. M. Bavoux, Deputy for the 
Department of the Seine, was nominated Prefect of Police, 
M. Alexander Delaborde was appointed Prefect of the Seine, 
and he immediately issued the subjoined address. 

M 



126 ANNALS OF THE 



" DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATION. 

^* Brave Inhabitants of Paris ! 
^' Dear Fellow- Citizens ! — 

'^ The Municipal Commission, by investing me provisionally 
v^ith the Prefecture of the Seine, has intrusted to me functions 
at once delightful and difficult to fulfil. Who can flatter him- 
self with being worthy of the rank of first magistrate of a 
population whose heroic conduct has just saved France, free- 
dom, and civilization— of a population that embraces within 
its bosom all that is most worthy of distinction in commerce, 
property, the magistracy, the sciences, and the arts ? But it is 
you, of whom it is impossible to pronounce an adequate 
eulogy, or whose interests can be suflSciently promoted. In^ 
dustrious citizens of every profession, — you whose spontaneous 
efforts, without a guide, without a plan, have found means to 
overcome oppression, without polluting victory with one single 
stain, — you have been found ingenious and sublime in danger, 
generous and modest in the midst of triumph. Ah ! believe 
me when I acknowledge that from among you I have learned 
the full extent of my duties, by being taught to appreciate the 
full extent of your sacrifices. 

'' A detailed report of all the glorious actions of this day^ 
and more particularly of the losses and misfortunes they have 
occasioned, is in preparation. Already public beneficence is 
engaged in repairing them. We will not remain behind in 
zeal. 

*' Electors of Paris, who, for the third time, have called me 
by a free exercise of your suflfrages to the honour of represent- 
ing you, may I venture to hope for your continued support in 
the new functions with which I have just been invested ? 

'^ Inhabitants of the capital, — Your magistrates do not wish 
to make you feel their presence but by the good they perform. 
You, on your side, will second their endeavours ; you will add 
double honour to your triumph, by observing that calmness 
and order which accords so well v/ith success. Assist us in 
rendering yourselves happy ; this is the only recompense we 
will ask for our labours. 

" ALEXANDER DELABORDE, 
'^ Provisional Prefect of the Seine. 

'^ Paris, July 30,'' 



IIEVOLTJTION IN FRATs'CE, 1830. 127 

A. deputation from Charles X. at St. Cloud, arrived at the 
Hotel de Ville early in the morning. It consisted of the Mar- 
quis de Pastoret, Chancellor of France ; M. Semonville, Grand 
E-eferendary ; and Count d'Agout, Peer of France. They 
announced that Charles X. had named the Duke de Morte- 
mart President of the Council, and that he had declared him- 
self wilhng to accept a Ministry chosen by him. 



At eleven o'clock, the Deputies and Peers then in Paris 
assembled in their respective halls and established regular com- 
munications with each other. The Duke de Mortemart was 
introduced to the Chamber of Deputies, and delivered four 
ordinances signed yesterday by Charles X. One of them re- 
called the fatal ordinances of the 25th ; another convoked the 
Chambers on the 3d ; the third appointed the Duke de Morte- 
mart President of the Council ; and the fourth appointed Count 
Gerard Minister of War, and M. Casimir Perrier Minister of 
Franbe. The reading of these ordinances was listened to with 
the greatest attention. At the termination the profound silence 
continued ; — no observation was made ! — the Deputies passed 
to other business. The Duke de Mortemart returned to ac- 
quaint his master that he was no longer acknowledged as King 
of France. The manner wherein tho Dake and his communi- 
cations were received by the Deputies was an announcement 
that Charles X. had ceased to reign. 



In the course of their proceedings a petition was addressed 
to the Deputies which terminated thus : — 

*^On the 5th of July, 1815, the Chamber of Representa- 
tives, under the fire of a foreign enemy, in the presence of hos- 
tile bayonets, proclaimed principles conservatory of the rights 
of citizens, and protested against every act which was calcu- 
lated to impose upon France a Government and institutions 
which were not in sympathy with its wishes and interests. 

" These are the principles which we ought to adopt at pre- 
sent. Let them serve as a rallying point. The Chamber of 
1815 bequeathed them to a futurity which now belongs to us. 
Let us enter into the enjoyment of that inheritance, and turn 
it to the advantage of the people and liberty. 

" The members of a committee, named by a great number 
of the different arrondissements of Paris, meeting in the Rue 
de Richelieu, No. 47. 

'' Paris, July 30. 

(Signed) '^ Chevalier, President." 



128 ANNALS 6F the 

The following are the guarantees which the Representative 
Chamber, during the Hundred Days, called upon Napoleon to 
ratify, and to which allusion is made in the above petition : — 
The liberty of the citizens — the equality of civil and political 
rights — the liberty of the press— liberty of v/orship — the repre- 
sentative system — the free consent of the people to the con- 
ticription and the taxes — -the responsibility of Ministers — the 
irrevocability of all sales of national property of every descrip- 
tion — the inviolability of property — the abolition of tithes^ of 
the ancient and the newly hereditary nobility, and of feudality 
— the abolition of confiscation of property — the entire oblivion 
of all political opinions and movements up to that day — the 
institution of tlm.Legion of Honour — compensation to officers 
and soldiers — institution of jury— judges for life — and the 
payment of the public debt. 

A Commission of Deputies is appointed to confer for the 
public safety with the Peers, assembled in their chamber. 
The Commission of Deputies 3;eturned at nine o'clock in the 
evening to give an account of their mission. The Peers unani- 
mously declared that th.ere was no other hope of safety but the 
intervention of the Duke of Orleans, and were of opinion that 
lie should be asked to assume the government, in the character 
of Lieutenant-General of the kingdom. The Deputies no 
longer hesitated, and hastened to devise measures for calling 
in the Duke of Orleans immediately. 



To-day, Sevres, from the commencement of the park of St. 
Cloud to the bridge, was occupied by battalions of the Royal 
Guard, of the artillery, and of the Swiss regiments. Two 
pieces of cannon were planted on the road to Versailles, and 
two others towards Paris. The Due d'Angouleme on horse- 
back, accompanied by two superior officers of the Garde du 
Corps, walking on foot by the side of his horse, and followed 
by seven or eight Gardes du Corps, passed through the midst 
of the troops. The Swiss alone received him with cries of 
^'- Vive le Roi !" Throughout the afternoon the Swiss were 
going towards Neuilly, throwing away their arms, expressing 
the most poignant regret at having fought, and vowing that 
they would never fight again for tl^e same cause. In the 
morning and afternoon, addresses to the soldiers, from the pro- 
visional government, were every where circulated, inviting 
them to join the people ; and great numbers came into Paris 
unarmed. In the afternoon a deputation of officers of the 
line aiid pupils of the Polylechaic School waited on the officera 



DEVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 129 

of the Guard, inviting their services to the Provisional Govern- 
ment. They answered that they were resolved not to bear 
arms against their fellow-citizens ; that they conceived them- 
selves bound to respect oaths which prevented them from join- 
ing their brother officers in Paris ; but they hoped soon to see 
themselves free. 



Not a hand was lifted up, nor a word uttered, in behalf of 
Charles X., during the last three days or to-day. In the 
course of the morning, many remaining emblems of his reign 
were removed or effaced, but not a single insult or term of 
offence was offered to the few who had been notoriously loyal 
to his lawless power, and were justly suspected of desiring his 
restoration, or the restoration of what, was called the monarchy 
in the person of any of his line. Those who had the esteem 
of the people, and appeared in public, were hailed with enthu- 
siastic cheers. Benjamin Constant, a consistent and firm 
friend to freedom, was recognised at the Bourse, and others 
were distinguished by the people ; but he whom they most de- 
lighted to honour, and who most deserved their gratitude, was 
Lafayette, and they loudly testified their affection as often as 
they saw him. 

The victory was achieved yesterday, and celebrated to-day 
by respect for order. Already measures were tajcen for re- 
pairing the streets, and the shops were opened. There was 
no appearance of a recent — a mighty Revolution, but of some 
great deliverance having been effected. The people wore the 
tri-coloured cockade, and their countenance expressed satis- 
faction and happiness, rather than tumultuous joy. The Pro- 
visional Government recommended that at night, in the ab- 
sence of the usual lamps, lights should be placed in the windows. 
The illumination was general ; it tended to the preservation of 
order, and was the only demonstration of public rejoicing. 
Along the quays and streets, the female inhabitants were seated 
in groups, preparing bandages and lint for the wounded. The 
passages (arcades) afforded striking instances of this benevo- 
lent disposition. All the milliners, and their shopwomen and 
workwomen, were sitting outside their shops (because those 
being closed afforded no light), busily engaged in making lint. 

An estafet of the king's, disguised in a smock frock, was 
stopped and conducted to the Hotel de Ville. His despatches, 
addressed to Vincennes, were delivered to the Provisional 
Government. 

In the evening, the mails were forwarded at the usual hour. 

M2 



ISO ANNALS OF TBTB 



SATURDAY, JULY 31. 

The Press to-day, by means of the Journals, actively dis=* 
cussed and suggested different forms of future government. 
There was no proposition for replacing Charles X. or calling 
either the Duke of Angouleme or the Duke of Bourdeaux ta 
the throne. That line of the Bourbon family was hateful to 
6\^ery constitutional ear. The Messager des Chamhres said, 
*' Let us trust to history. It shows us that in England, the 
substitution of the patriotic William for the hypocritical 
Stuarts secured both liberty and order. Every thing was easy 
for the cause of the laws. Blood ceased to flow, resistance 
became impossible, and Europe and Foreign Powers opened 
their negotiations and treaties with England after it was rege- 
nerated." 

In a nation which had been distracted forty years by despot- 
isms of all kinds, and with successions of convulsive misrule 
under all denominations of government, there were philoso- 
phical theorists, and contenders for theories utterly inapplicable 
at the moment, and even adherents to one who shackled free- 
dom in the name of liberty. Some desired a republic and no- 
thing but a republic : a few desired nothing more than Napo- 
leon II., — a boy with a regency ! — to settle and to govern 
France. The general disposition was for a government that 
ensured freedom to all, and this desire was well expressed in a 
Journal of to-day. The following is an extract. 

(F rQxn the French Globe.) 

*< AH compromise is now impracticable. Some good mean- 
ings men have tried to bring it about, but without success* 
Even were an amnesty of certain acts JHst and moral, they 
could not be forgotten : a barrier of blood would rise between 
the King and the people. Imagine a King guilty and humi- 
liated, stained with French blood, and conquered — a King at 
once odious and degraded ! No, no, he must depart, — he 
must bid an eternal adieu to France. — The throne being va- 
cant, a great question presents itself, — viz. what will be the 
government of France ? Only two forms of government are 
possible — a republic and a monarchy. 

''' The republic has but one fault, which is that it is not 
deemed possible in France. Perhaps it may one day become 
possible, — perhaps it is the definitive government to which all 



DEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1850. ISI 

nations are advancing, but its time has not yet come. The 
heroes of the few last days exclaimed Vive la Charte 1 What 
was meant by that cry, which inspired such noble conduct ? 
May the Charter, developed and amended by victory, prove an 
equivalent for the republic. — Supposing this point decided, the 
next question is, to whom shall the throne be given ? 

*^ The name of the Duke of Orleans presents itself. The 
necessity of speedily establishing a government is universally 
felt. The Duke of Orleans is among us, and his situation is 
such that he maybe the meansof pacifying France, and saving 
us from the hostihty of the rest of Europe. — He has as yet 
neither popularity nor power on his side. This is an advan- 
tage ; for he cannot presume to dictate conditions to us, and 
must accept ours. 

*' These are circumstances which may turn the scale in his 
favour; but far more important than all this are the constitu- 
tional stipulations which would precede his accession to the 
throne. These must be thought of before every thing, and 
their consideration will be the first duty of the Chamber of 
Deputies as soon as it shall be formed !" 

These expressions represented the feelings and opinions that 
prevailed in Paris. Last night, M. Lafitte and the other depu- 
ties assembled at his house, sent an express to the Duke of 
Orleans at Neuilly, summoning him to Paris for the purpose of 
taking upon him the duties of Lieuten ant-General of the king- 
dom. Charles X. and his advisers at St. Cloud had deemed it 
probable that the Duke of Orleans might be a rallying point 
in opposition to the court, and while the deputies were arrang- 
ing for his reception in Paris, the king ordered a body of 
troops to arrest him at Neuilly. He had already left that 
place : this was reported to the king, and he, who had lost a 
throne by ordinances, issued an ordinance outlawing the duke, 
and authorizing his "subjects" to slay him. The imbecile 
king had abjects— -but no subjects. 

In the course of the night the Duke of Orleans arrived in 
Paris : he wore the national tri-colours. Early in the morning 
the committee appointed by the deputies waited upon him, and 
represented that extreme danger would arise from delay ; that 
agitators as well as sincere enthusiasts would proclaim a re- 
public in the streets ; and that the fruit of so just and dear a 
victory would become the prey of a most frightful anarchy. 
Two hours afterward appeared the following 



132 ANNALS OF THE 

PROCLAMATION OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS. 

Paris^ July 31, JYo on. 
>* Inhabitants of Paeip, — 

**The Deputies of France, at .this moment assembled at 
Paris, have expressed to me the desire that I should repair to 
this capital to exercise the functions of Lieutenant-General of 
the kingdom. 

'' I have not hesitated to come and share your dangers, to 
place myself in the midst of your heroic population, and to 
€xert all py efforts to preserve you from the calamities of civil 
war and of anarchy. 

*' On returning to the city of Paris, I wore with pride those 
glorious colours which you have resumed, and which I myself 
long wore. 

" The Chambers are going to assemble ; they will consider 
of the means of securing the reign of the laws, and the main- 
tenance of the rights of the nation. 

'^ The Charter will henceforth be a truth. 

'^^ LoUIS-PniLiPrE D'ORIiEANS." 

The appearance of this proclamation was hailed by the ma- 
jority with transport and gratitude ; but it was soon understood 
that, on the preceding evening, a number of persons, excited 
by the success of the conflict in which they had been engaged, 
and fir^d by natural resentment, had declared their distrust of 
both branches of the HoQse of Bcfurbon, and exhorted General 
Lafayette to become the President of at least a Provisional 
Government. This portion of the populace overpowered by 
clamour the rest of the public, who were silent and willing to , 
concur in measures that might be adopted by the Deputies. 

At one o'clock the Deputies assembled in greater numbers 
than before at M. Lafitte- s. The principal object of the meet- 
was to hear the report of the committee charged to carry to 
the Duke of Orleans a declaration agreed to at tlieir last sitting. 
The President read the Duke's Proclamation. It was received 
with acclamation, and 10,000 copies were ordered to be printed 
at the government printing office. Messrs. Guizot, Ville- 
main, Berard, and Benjamin Constant were appointed secre- 
taries. 



REVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 133 

General Sebastiani said, that the committee, of which he 
was one, repaired the evening before to the Palais Royal, but 
the Duke was absent, and they wTOte him a note, mentioning 
the declaration of which they were the bearers. The Duke 
had hastened to Paris, where he arrived at eleven the same 
night. The deputation were informed of it in the morning, 
and assembled at nine o'clock. They were admitted into the 
presence of the Duke, and his language breathed love of order 
and the laws — the ardent desire of sparing France the scourge 
of civil and foreign war — the firm purpose of securing the 
liberty of the country — and as his highness had himself said, 
in a proclamation full of clearness and frankness, the wish to 
make the Charter, which was long but a delusion at last a 
reality. The General added, tliat the Duke was about to take, 
without delay, the most urgent measures, and especially that of 
the immediate convocation of the Chambers. 

The President said it was necessary to consider the situation 
of the capital, and whether it would not be advisable that some 
address should be published, to quiet the minds of the peo- 
ple as to what had been done for the public good, at Paris and 
in the departments. All had been surprised by the late mea- 
sures of the ministry, and waited in security for the 3d of Au- 
gust. The letters for their meeting were delivered to the de- 
puties at the same time with the ordinances of the 26th. In 
such circumstances, it was necessary to tell France what had 
been done : it would be proper to draw up an accurate account 
of the means by which the country had been saved. In ex- 
plaining their acts they would reap a harvest of eternal praise 
and public blessing. 

On the motion of M. Benjamin Delessert, the drawing up 
of this proclamation was intrusted to the provisional Members 
of the Bureau. After some discussion M. Salverte desired 
that this manifesto should indicate in a strong and explicit 
manner the guarantees which the people had a right to expect. 
M. de Corceiles insisted on the necessity of these stipulations, 
inordertocalm the effervescence which appeared to him to show 
itself by alarming symptoms. M. Benjamin Constant said it 
was indispensable that these guarantees should be enumerated. 
At the same time, it appeared to him easy to dissipate disqui- 
etude. He had passed through the streets of the capital, and 
had found every where a population full of enthusiasm and en- 
ergy, but enlightened and full of confidence in the wisdom and 
patriotism of their deputies ; they wished for guarantees, they 
T(Vished for them strongly, but they wished for nothing else. 



134 ANNALS OF THE 

He added, that he had thought it his duty to make an enumera- 
tion of the guarantees which he thought indispensable, and 
which the Bureau first, and then the capsulated deputies, would 
decide upon. M. Villemain said they had only to make a 
commentary on the expression in the proclamation of the Duke 
of Orleans '' the Chartershall be a truth. "—M, Salverte thought 
that the declaration of the Chamber of 1815 would be a satis- 
factory text, and one in which' only slight modifications could 
be made. M. Augustin Perier observed, that this was not 
the time for entering into an endless discussion of principles ; 
in the capacity of provisional Secretary, M.Benjamin Constant 
could communicate his ideas to his colleagues, and cause them 
to be transfused into the proclamation. 

The president said the business of the day would naturally 
open v/ith the report of the Secretaries, when they should sub- 
mit to the meeting the draught of the proclamation. Among 
the numerous communications he had received, there were two 
concerning which he thought it his duty to speak to his col- 
leagues. Both had for their object to call the serious atten- 
tion of the Deputies to the acts which might emanate from 
themselves, and to the necessity of calming an effervescence, 
dangerous in itself, but which he considered as overcome and 
dissipated, because he relied on the efficacy of the proclama- 
tion which the Deputies were about to issue. 

The sitting of the Deputies was then for some time suspend- 
ed, while Messrs. Guizot, Villemain, Berard, and Benjamin 
Constant, in the capacity of Secretaries, drew up the paper for 
which they had received instructions. 

On the Deputies resuming their sitting, the President com- 
municated to the meeting some information which he had re- 
ceived concerning the proclamation of the Duke of Orleans. 
According to the account, great agitation prevailed among 
the people, in consequence, as it was presumed, of the omis- 
sion of the date, and the want of the countersignature of the 
Municipal Committee. M. Persil wished the Lieutenant- 
General of the kingdom to be invited to pass through the capi- 
tal with a deputation of the Chamber, or to cause the procla- 
tion to be countersigned by General Lafayette. M. Jacque- 
minot thought the first expedient quicker and more certain, 
and suggested that his royal Highness should get immediately 
on horseback, and show himself to the people-~'M. de Laborde 
conceived that the effervescence and disquietude were exag- 
gerated. In his opinion it would be sufficient that the Depu- 
ties, after the sitting, should repair to the Palais RoyaL 



REVOLUTION IN IRANCE, 1830. 135 

There was a prevailing cry among the Deputies, '' Let us go 
immediately ; let us all go," and M. Bernard thought M. de 
Laborde had been wrong informed. He said the greatest alarm 
agitated men's minds ; the most disquieting rumours were in 
circulation, especially about the Hotel de Ville. Many voices 
cried, <* Let us go, let us go." The president calmed the 
meeting by saying — ^^ No precipitation in such grave circum- 
stances." M. Etienne represented in a strong light the abso- 
lute necessity of an immediate and decisive step. M. Charles 
Dupin thought that the Deputies could proceed to the Hotel 
de Ville after going to the Palais Royal, and that their pre- 
sence and exhortations would be sufficient to silence dissension 
and dissipate alarm. M. Benjamin Delessert conceived that 
the proclamation which the Bureau had drawn up was of a na- 
ture to exercise the happiest influence on the public mind. 
M. Guizot, by desire of the Deputies, mounted the tribune, and 
read the following — 

" PROCLAMATION ADDRESSED TO THE FRENCH 
BY THE DEPUTIES OF DEPARTMENTS AS- 
SEMBLED AT PARIS. 

'* Freischmen I — 

^' France is free. Absolute power raised its standard— the 
heroic population of Paris has overthrown it. Paris attacked, 
has made the sacred cause triumph by arms which had tri- 
umphed in vain in the elections. A power which usurped 
our rights, and disturbed our repose, threatened at once liberty 
and order. We return to the possession of order and lioerty. 
There is no more fear for acquired rights — no more barrier 
between us and the rights which we still want. A government 
which may, without delay, secure to us these advantages is now 
the first want of our country. Frenchmen, those of your De- 
puties who are already at Paris have assembled ; and, till the 
Chambers can regularly intervene, they have invited a French- 
man who has never fought but for France — the Duke of Or- 
leans — to exercise the functions of Lieutenant-General of the 
kingdom. This is in their opinion the surest means promptly 
to accomplish by peace the success of the most legitimate 
defence. 

'^ The Duke of Orleans is devoted to the national and consti- 
tutional cause. He has always defended its interests, and pro- 
fessed its principles. He will respect our rights ; for he will 
derive his own from us. We shall secure to ourselves by laws 



136 A2\NALS OF THE 

all the guarantees necessary to liberty strong and durable— 
viz. 

" The re-establishment of the National Guard, with the inter- 
vention of the National Guards in the choice of the officers : 

" The intervention of the citizens in the formation of the de- 
partmental and municipal administrations : 

*' The jury for the transgressions of the press ; the legally 
organized responsibility of the ministers and the secondary 
agents of the administration : 

'^ The situation of the military legally secured : 

" The re-election of deputies appointed to public offices we 
shall give at length to our institutions, in concert with the 
head of the state, the developements of which they have need. 

*^ Frenchmen^ — The Duke of Orleans himself has already 
spoken, and his language is that which is suitable to a free 
country. 

^^ ^ The Chambers,' says he, ' are going to assemble ; they 
will consider of means to ensure the reign of the laws and the 
maintenance of the rights of the nation. The Charter will hence- 
forward be a truth.' " 

The reading of this manifesto w^is often interrupted by una- 
nimous acclamations, and at the termination M. Girod de I'Ain 
demanded that, if the proclamation were adopted, it should be 
instantly sent to the press, circulated in thousands of copies, and 
that it should be carried to the Lieutenant-Generalof the king- 
dom. This was ordered, and the draught of the proclam^ation 
put to the vote, and passed with enthusiasm. It was then pro- 
posed to rise and go in a body to the Palais Royal. The pre- 
sident observed that ail the Deputies, and himself among the 
rest, could not go there, as the state of his health did not allow 
it. Several voices cried, '^ Let us go, alll" — ^< Yes, all!" — 
^' Our president at our head !" — *'• Let him come in a sedan." 
M. Benjamin Constant observed — " It was in that way that I 
came.'* President — *•• Very well, be it so. I shall open the 
march and M. Benjamin Constant will close it." The sitting 
closed with these easy pleasantries, and the Deputies left the 
hall together. On their way to the Palais Royal the Deputies 
passed through immense crowds, and were greeted with tumult- 
uous applause. This first appearance of a public authority in 
the midst of disorder, brought with it hope and security. 

Before the Deputies the barricades fell. At the Palais Royal 
the Duke of Orleans received them with extreme affability, and 
with expressions which produced a marked effect on every one. 
It was a happy meeting, in which a glorious contract was about 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 137 

to be concluded between a free people and a prince, the friend 
of liberty. The manner in which he addressed M. Lafitte, the 
president, added still more to the joy excited by the dignified 
language of the assembly and the people whom they repre- 
sented. M. Lafitte read the proclamation of the Deputies. The 
Duke listened attentively, and seemed to punctuate it by the 
marks of assent with which he noted each of the guarantees 
stipulating for the rights of the nation, and the maintenance and 
developement of its liberties. His words, his gestures, and his 
physiognomy contended in expressing satisfaction and pride on 
being associated in the regeneration of constitutional order. 
To a speech by M. Viennet, in the name of the Deputies, the 
Duke answered, *' I deplore as a Frenchman the injury done to 
my country, and the blood which has flowed. As a prince, I 
am happy to contribute to the happiness of the nation. Gen- 
tlemen, {ve are about to go to the Hotel de Ville." The Duke 
had been going thither on horseback and alone when the De- 
puties arrived at the Palais Royal. 

The passage of the Deputies and the Duke of Orleans to the 
Hotel de Ville was long and wearisome, across barricades and 
in the scorching heat of tlie sun. The people were in immense 
multitudes, and constantly acclaiming with shouts of *^ Vive la 
Charter'—'' Vive la liberie P'—"- Vive le Due d' Orleans!'' 
for nearly two hours, during which time the procession was in 
motion. On arriving at the Hotel de Ville, General Lafayette, 
as commander-in-chief of the National Guard, attended by the 
pupils of the Polytechnic School, advanced to meet the Duke 
of Orleans in the great hall of arms. A circle was formed, 
and the deputy M. Viennet pronounced an address full of frank- 
ness. The Duke replied with simplicity. He mentioned all the 
guarantees which ought to be granted to the country, and on 
this enumeration the venerable countenance of Lafayette 
beamed with joy ; his hand approached that of the Duke, and he 
grasped it heartily. They went to a window and waved before 
them a tri-coloured flag to the people ; who, by this movement, 
were excited to indescribable enthusiasm. They testified their 
joy by tremendous vociferations. 

During these proceedings in Paris the movements at St. Cloud 
were of a different order. Until this morning, Charles X. de- 
luded himself by believing that Paris could be recaptured. 
Last night a large body of citizens who had assisted in defeating 
the Royal Guard, and driving them and the other troops from 
the Tuileries and heart of the metropolis, determined that he 
should not remain another day undisturbed at St. Cloud, Un- 

N 



138 ANNALS OF THE 

der the direction of three youths of the Polytechnic School, they 
made preparations for an early march and assault. Sevres was 
fortified, and the military occupied Meudon and other heights 
in the vicinity of the court. No considerable number of these 
could be prevailed on to attempt achieving "' the downfall of 
Paris;" and news speedily arrived that Paris itself was getting 
ready to send forth its legions to attack St. Cloud. Flight — 
the first and only successful resort of terrified tyranny — flight, 
was instantly resolved on. The troops were withdrawn from 
the heights, and posted around the royal abode. About three 
o'clock in the morning, the troops quartered in the Bois de 
Boulogne were called. At four o'clock the order Was given to 
march. The procession commenced with a squadron of 
mounted gens-d'armes ; then came a regiment of hussars, 
which arrived on Thursday morning at four o'clock, when they 
learned the retreat of some of the king's troops during the night ; 
next, a brigade of artillery ; afterward a regiment of the Royal 
Guard (infantry) ; then tw^o squadrons of cuirassiers, followed 
by two brigades of (field) artillery. These were succeeded by 
the Garde du Corps a Pied {Cents Swisses)^ and these by a com- 
pany of the Garde du Corps du Roi. Immediately afterward fol- 
lowed the carriages of the king, the royal family, and the minis- 
ters and great officers, with two companies of the Garde du Corps, 
and 150 other carriages, containing persons of distinction at- 
tached to, or who wished to follow the royal family. The royal 
carriages ten or twelve in number, were, according to etiquette, 
drawn each by eight horses. A large body of cavalry, infan- 
try, and artillery, closed the procession. With the exception 
of the 3d regiment, which had been nearly cut to pieces, and 
the remains of the lancers, who had so murderously manifested 
theroyalism of their principles, extreme depression was observ- 
able in the countenances of all. A great number of officers 
without soldiers accompanied them. In Ville d'Array, nearly 
an entire regiment of the line threw down their arms and dis- 
persed. The progress halted at Versailles, by desire of the king, 
but the towns-people hoisted the tri-coloured flag, and would 
not suflTer them to enter. They breakfasted at Trianon and pro- 
ceeded to Rambouillet. Numbers of the men deserted at every 
opportunity, in defiance of the firing which was kept up after 
them while flying. 

Immediately after the departure of Charles X. from St. 
Cloud, M. Collas, Mayor of Boulogne, sent a detachment of 
the National Guard and firemen to the palace ; and in the pre- 
sence of two members of the municipal council, and of several 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830: 139 

officers, an inventory of the plate was drawn up. This plate 
was afterward delivered, in the presence of the Mayor of St. 
Cloud, to M. de Villeneuve, the commissioner of the govern- 
ment. When the National Guard with the armed populace 
from Paris arrived, they found a detachment of the Royal Guards 
which had been left to protect the retreat. They had been at- 
tacked by armed citizens from the neighbouring communes, and 
when the Parisians arrived, at daybreak, the last remains of 
royal power retired, throwing away their muskets, after taking 
the precaution to break their locks. The National Guards when 
they entered the palace took care, as they had done at the Tui- 
leries, to hinder any thing being carried away. But the peo- 
ple visited the wine-cellars and larders, and though no furni- 
ture or ornaments were damaged or removed, the wine was 
drunk, and the preserves eaten, and a few letters and papers 
which remained were thrown out of the window. The guards 
liad left their breakfasts uneaten on the tables, and the cooks in 
the royal kitchen had fled in such haste that the preparations 
for the royal dejeuners remained on the stoves and fires. About 
2000 excellent firelocks of the body-guard were found in the 
palace. On the return of the National Guard to Paris they 
searched the environs of St. Cloud, and collected about 100 
Swiss, who laid down their arms and surrendered, on being 
assured that they should be well treated. They said that the 
king had reviewed them on the evening before, and had given 
them thirty francs a piece. Not one of them was deprived of 
a sous. On their arrival at Paris, they were conducted to the 
Louvre, where they were ordered to sit down, and wi»e and 
victuals were furnished to them. They were then conducted to 
their barracks, Rue de Babylone, from which, as the only pu- 
nishment, they were ordered not to come out, lest they should 
he attacked by the relations of some of their victims. 

With the exception of the affair at St. Cloud there were no 
hostile movements. The prisoners in la Force attempting to 
escape were prevented by the National Guard, who were reluc- 
tantly compelled to fire, and two convicts were killed and 
about a dozen wounded. In the departments, wherever the 
ordinances and the events of Paris were known, the sentiments 
of the people had been expressed with the same indignation 
against the measures of the court, and the same enthusiasm for 
the Charter and the liberty of the press displayed. The follow- 
ing letter from General BourdesouUe to the Due d'Angouleme 
was intercepted : — ' 



14& ~ AKNALS OF THE- 

^^ Versailles f Julj/M. 
^^ Monseigneur,— Your Royal Highness has no doubt re- 
ceived the report which I had the honour to send you this morn- 
ing, and in which I gave }ou an account ofthe passage of a consid- 
erable number of soldiers of the 60th regiment of the line through 
this town, where they were introduced by the inhabitants, without 
being presented at the gates, but all passed over, and we have 
been tranquil all night.— As I have received the letter of General 
Gressot,which announced to me the arrival of the King, I thought 
it my duty to place the troops under arms, and in a position to 
execute the orders of your Highness. [ am waiting for them. 
If your Highness orders, I am ready to march where you may 
think.proper. In case your Royal Highness should not order 
me to make any movement during the day, I shall send the 
troops to their quarters to rest. Their spirit is still firm,, though 
some discontent be already manifested in different regiments^ 
which are almost without money. It would bo very desirable 
that your Royal Highness should cause some advances to be 
made, particularly to the 4tli regiment of Infantry, and to the 
gen-d'armerie, the men of which have only a white pair of trou- 
sers, and no shoes.— I ihave the honour, &c., 

" Lieutenant- General Bourdesoulle." 

The King's appearance at Versailles on his flight from St. 
Cloud, and the spirit prevailing among the inhabitants, con- 
vinced Bourdesoulle that he had nothing to hope and every, 
thing to fear, and in the course of the day he made his sub- 
mission to the Lieutenant-General of the kingdom. Madame 
de Polignac, in passing through Versailles, was recognised and 
stopped by the people, but permitted to proceed on her journey- 
*' Go on, Madame," they said to her, " but let his Excellency 
take care l" General Gerard, at the head of the troops of the 
line, fixed his quarters beyond the Hospital of Invalids, where 
all stragglers, as well as old officers of the army, were directed 
to join him. In the course of the day, a workman, named 
John Grenier, presented himself to the Commandant of the post 
of the Hotel St. Aignau, and said, " Serjeant, here is my sword. 
I have employed it well for three days ; I now return to my 
work. It is useless to me, and T make a gift of it to the Na- 
tional Guard." The sabre was richly mounted, and several of 
the National Guard wished to pay for it ; " I do not sell my 
sword," said he; " I give it :" and he immediately presented 
it to a grenadier who was without a sword. The inhabitants, 
of the environs emulated each other in enthusiasm and patriot- 



REVOLUTION IN FRATsCE, 1830. 141 

ism. There was not a hamlet in which the tri-coloured flag 
had not been flying since yesterday. Every where ihe National 
Guards spontaneously organized themselves. Had the capital 
been threatened, its outposts were under arms. At Corbeil, 
the National Guard took possession of I20,0001bs. of gunpow- 
der at the Vouchet, and immediately sent 9,0001bs. to Paris. 
These were the chief incidents of a warlike nature in the 
course of the day ; but during the night some musket-shots were 
fired against the post of the National Guard of Paris by seve- 
ral men, some of whom were arrested. The old Royal Police 
had given them money to excite commotions in the capital — 
they might have murdered some citizens, and that would have 
been the utmost mischief they could effect. There is no rais- 
ing an insurrection against a whole, people. 



As respects the Municipal Government to-day, they had lit- 
tle of real difficulty, though, from the state of affairs, they had 
much work. The crown diamonds had been carried ofi\. The 
person who usually had the care of them held a receipt for them, 
signed by M. de la Bouillerie, who had withdrawn them and 
then withdrawn himself. He had taken them to the king, by 
whose order they had been abstracted. It was determined to 
reclaim, and, if refused, retake them, as belonging to the 
crown, in which its wearer had only a life interest — ^subj^ect to 
contingencies. Jn the course of the day, the Archbishop of 
Paris attempted to depart from the capital. At the Te Deum 
sung for the capture of Algiers, this mischievous man told 
Charles X. he hoped God would give his Majesty strength 
to overcome his enemies at homis as well as those whom 
he had conquered abroad. In his carriage the people found 
an enormous sum in gold, which they brought away. This mo- 
ney, being the property of the prelate, was ordered to be re- 
stored to him. 

The municipal committee had to determine what course 
should be adopted with respect to commercial engagements, 
which had been embarrassed and obstructed by the late politi- 
cal derangement ; and they resolved that acceptances payable 
in Paris, and due between the 26th of July and the 15th of 
August inclusive, should be extended ten days, so that bills 
falling due on the 26th of July would only be payable on the 6th 
of August, and so on. Conformably to this regulation, the 
Tribi^nal of Commerce, of the department of the Seine, issued 
an ordinance concurring in the measure, and clearly stating 
the reasons for its adoption, in these terms ; — " The tribunal, 

N2 



342 ANNALS OF TH^ 

having deliberated, acknowledges that the defence of otif 
rights and ljtt)erties, called forth by the Ordinances of the 26th 
of July, was legitimate ; that the necessity of resisting violence 
and military force compelled the whole population of Paris to 
arm themselves j that the city having been placed in a state of 
siege, the course of business has been interrupted, the shops and 
warehouses have been closed, the tribunals have ceased to admi- 
nister justice ; and thus all commercial transactions having been 
forcibly suspended, and communications interrupted, the pay- 
ment of bills on the day of their being due has become imprac- 
ticable ; that superior force has interfered } that the necessity 
of the case is of an imperious kind ; and that it authorizes a 
course which, though deviating from the ordinary rules of trade 
and ihi prescription of the laws, ensures against effects which 
would prove injurious to all." By these proceedings of the 
municipal and legal authorities, all protests and claims relative 
to commercial bills were hkewise, with strict prudence and 
Justice, suspended. The bank of France and nearly ail the pri- 
vate bankers opened their counting-houses, and paid and re- 
ceived as usual. The exchange had not been opened since the 
27th ; for during the panic, the prices could only have been 
nominal. 



Yesterday, several of the clerks in the post-office resumed 
their duty, and to-day the whole of them. In this department, 
there was found a list of forty-five peers whom Charles X. and 
his ministers proposed to exclude from the Chamb^^r, and not 
only deprive of their peerage, but bring to trial. During the 
excitement, there had been seized at the post-office despatches 
intended for the ambassadors. These were now delivered to 
them unopened. The ambassadors were sensible to the atten- 
tion, and complimented the citizens on their bravery and mo- 
deration in victory. 

Except M. Count Appouy, ambassador of Austria, who op- 
portunely went away on the 25th of July, to take the waters 
at Dieppe, none of the ambassadors of foreign powers quitted 
Paris. Witnesses of the perfidious conduct of the ex-King, 
they expected to see civil war break out^ but they knew that 
they should be respected in the midst of disorder, and were 
enabled to state to their governments that the French, in the 
exultation and pride of victory, were as cahn and prudent as 
they were brave, and that the tranquillity of Europe was not 
likely to be disturbed by such a people. The minister pleni- 
potentiary of the United States was among the first diplomatic 



HEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 145 

personages who paid their respects to the Lieutenant- General 
of the kingdom. 

At his residence, the Palais Royal, the Duke received num- 
berless persons, whom mere royalty would have excluded from 
its presence. The wife of a citizen had distinguished herself, 
in this sanguinary contest, by a courage and prowess truly 
heroic. She never for an instant quitted the side of her hus- 
band, and, being armed with a musket, loaded and fired with 
as much coolness and precision as a veteran soldier. She 
mainly contributed, by her aid and example, to the capture of a 
cannon, entered the guard-house at the head of the citizens, 
and fought hand to hand with the troops till they were finally 
expelled. Her grateful fellow-citizens were desirous that she 
should be presented to the Lieutenant-General of the kingdom, 
who at the first intimation directed that she should be intro- 
duced. She was accordingly conducted to the Palais Royal 
between nine and ten o'clock this evening, where the Duke, 
standing in a circle of the brave youths of the Polytechnic 
School, received her with the utmost courtesy, and testified his 
admiration of her prowess in the strongest terms. At her de- 
parture the guard on duty received orders to present arms to 
her on her passing, as if she had been a general officer. 

Many who imagined France utterly depraved by the sangui- 
nary scenes of her former revolution, by her long wars and 
appalling despotisms, now confess their error with exultation, 
and hope that her present moral elevation may be as secure as 
her present political grandeur. The sight of public order and 
respect for property, after three days' battles, and in the ab- 
sence of all competent authority, inspired every foreigner at 
Paris with the most lively admiration. The English, in par- 
ticular, were astonished. They took the liveliest interest in 
the important occurrences to day in the Chamber of Deputies 
and at the Hotel de Ville. 

Circumspection against the chance of surprise stayed the 
destruction of the barricades. An invader would have found, 
not only in the capital, but in and near many great towns, the 
streets unpaved, the roads obstructed, the houses embattled, 
and obstacles of every conceivable kind. To-day the munici- 
pality, as a measure of salubrity during the heats, requested 
the inhabitants to make gutters in the- streets, for carrying off 
the stagnant water, without endangering the barricades. They 
were also invited to open their shops and conduct business as 
formerly, and to light up their windows until the lamps were 
repaired, More subscriptions were opened for the wounded, 



144 ANNALS OF THE 

the widows, and the fatherless. Families requiring aid received 
bread and other provisions. The men on duty, in like manner, 
received bread, cheese, meat, and wine, which different parties 
paraded throu^rh the streets, preceded by a drum. 

Since yesterday, the streets were crowded to excess with 
people going about from curiosity : the fair sex almost out- 
numbered the men. It was amusing to see them, in full dress, 
skipping over wet trenches and huge paving-stone defences, 
or creeping through trees laid hastily across the ways. The 
assemblages of armed people exceeded, in grotesque charac- 
ter, whatever Hogarth ever painted. Charcoal-men, with cui- 
rasses on, slender lads with heavy helmets and muskets, a 
well-dressed man with, possibly, only a pocket pistol, making 
it a point of honour to place himself in the ranks with them ; 
and the whole directed by the will, perhaps, of an old-fashioned 
drummer, elated with the importance of his station. 

An incident strongly exemplifies the character of things to- 
day. At about half past eleven at night, the 53d regiment of 
the line marched with their band playing along the Rue Rivoli. 
A sentinel stationed at the corner of the Pavilion M arson 
awaited their arrival. He was one of the captors of the Tui- 
leries ; his age about twenty ; his costume a blue linen blause 
(precisely the garment worn by the Chinese we see in Lon- 
don), and trousers of the same kind. He had a musket and 
bayonet, and an ample canvass bag full of cartridges suspended 
by a stout cord over his shoulder. The regiment approached. 
With all the gravity of a veteran grenadier he stepped forward, 
cocked his musket, and challenged the approaching column. 
The pass was given, the usual forms were gone through, and 
the regiment marched on, and, with their band playing, entered 
the Place du Carousel, to occupy the barrack, lately that of 
the Garde Royale. 

This evening, families promenaded much as usual in the 
boulevards, and harps, guitars, violins, and other musical in- 
struments once more enlivened a scene always unique in its 
kind. The only novelties were the absence of lamps (sup- 
plied, however, by gay illuminations) and the half-peaceable 
and half-warlike sight of groups of females sitting on the trees 
which had been felled for the purpose of forming blockades. 
Here, on the first evening of disturbance, a wretched little 
Savoyard, in the midst of war and bustle on his right and left, 
continued to wind his little organ at his usual post— actually 
playing, if not to empty benches, to empty chairs. 



REVOLUTION O FRANCE, 1830. [ 145 

Until to-day carriages were not allowed to quit Paris. This 
morning the barriers were thrown open, and the Calais dili- 
gence of the Messagerie Royale was the first that left. Several 
EngHshmen availed themselves of this opportunity to depart, 
and among them Mr. Young, the actor. Along the road, no 
information, that could be relied on, had been obtained from 
the capital. At every town and village the inhabitants crowded 
to the diligence as a novelty, and most of them were astonished 
on perceiving that the royal arms had been effaced from the 
panels, and after "Messagerie," the word ''Royale" carefully 
scratched out. These appearances excited enthusiastic shouts. 
The desire for news was intense, and the inquiries were inces- 
sant. The duty of answering usually devolved on the con- 
ducteur, whose intelligence was received with rapturous cries 
of " Vive la Charte !" Even during the night the country 
people were out awaiting an arrival. After midnight, on the 
diligence proceeding through Lillers, a village between Amiens 
and St. Omers, there was an anxious, assemblage of people, 
who required the diligence to stop. On the postillion attempt- 
ing to pass, they seized the wheels, clung to his boots, and in- 
sisted on his telling the news^ Others opened the doors and 
eagerly inquired of the passengers, nor would they suffer the 
vehicle to move until they gained their object, which was by 
slow degrees ; for their expressions of pleasure burst out on 
the mention of each fact. Mr. Young's observation while in 
Paris, and his thorough knowledge of the French language, 
enabled him to communicate the news thoroughly, and at one 
or two places the popular exhilaration it produced animated 
him to speeches which produced vociferous shouts of '' VivQ 
la Charte 1"— '^ Yive PAnglais l"~" Vive. la Patrie V 



SUNDAY, AUGUST 1. 

This was the first Sunday after a week of wonders. 

Last Sunday Charles X. signed arbitrary ordinances ; on 
Monday they were published and denounced by the press, and 
he dechned to receive a deputation of Peers ; on Tuesday the 
press refused obedience, the people flew to arms, and he re- 
fused to receive a conciliatory deputation from their represent- 
atives ; on Wednesday he rejected renewed advice from his 
peers, and his troops were in bloody combat with the people 
throughout the day ; on Thursday his palaces were stormed 



146 ANNALS OF THE 



^ 



and taken, and his military defeated and driven out of the 
capital ; on Friday, when all political power was in the hands 
of the people, and after the provisional government had de- 
clared that he had ceased to reign, he condescended to an- 
nounce that he had revoked the ordinances, and was willing 
to form a new administration ; on Saturday he fled, covered 
with shame and guilt, and the provisional government intrusted 
the lawful power he had abused to the Duke of Orleans. All 
these astonishing events had happened since last Sunday. 

The power of Charles X. was at an end, and the will of 
France was expressed by the authorities in Paris who had 
restored order. They issued the following Proclamation : — 

" Municipal Commission op Paris. 

** Inhabitants of Paris 1 — Charles X. has ceased to reign in 
France. Not being able to forget the origin of his authority, 
he has always considered himself as the enemy of our country 
and of its liberties, which he could not understand. After 
having secretly attacked our institutions by every means that 
hypocrisy sind fraud furnished him with, until he believed him- 
self sufficiently strong to destroy them openly, he had resolved 
to drown them in the blood of Frenchmen. Thanks to your 
heroism, the crimes of his power are at an end. 

'* A few moments have been sufficient to annihilate this cor- 
rupt Governhient, which had been nothing but a constant con- 
spiracy against the liberty and prosperity of France. The 
nation only is stirring, adorned with its national colours, which 
she has won at the expense of her blood. She wishes for a 
Government and laws worthy of her. 

" What nation in the world deserves liberty better than she 
does ? In the battle you have been heroes. 

" Victory has shown us in you those sentiments of modera- 
tion and humanity which evidence in so high a degree the pro- 
gress of our civilization. 

'' Conquerors and deliverers of yourselves, without police, 
without magistrates, your virtue has taken the place of all or- 
ganization, and never were the rights of every individual more 
religiously respected. Inhabitants of Paris ! we are proud of 
being your brothers. In accepting, under present circum- 
stances, a mandate so grave and difficult, your municipal com- 
mission has desired to associate with your devotion and effi)rts. 
Its members want means to express to you the admiration and 
gratitude of the country. 

" Their sentiments, their principles, are yours. In place of 



REVOLUTION IN FEANCE, 1830. 147 

an authority imposed on you by foreign arms, you will have a 
Government which will owe its origin to you. Merit is in all 
classes. All classes have the same rights ; these rights are 
assured to them. Vive la France ! Vive h peuple de Paris ! 
Vive la Liberty !^ 

*' LoBAU, AuDRY, De PiTiRAVEAr, Mangitin, De Schonen. 

'*The Secretary of the Municipal Commission, 

" O'DiLLON Barrett." 

To-day, after the utmost order throughout the night, the 
National Guard and armed citizens quietly occupied every 
point. Each hour added proofs of the wishes of the mass, lately 
so terrific, to conform to whatever was necessary for the pre- 
servation of tranquillity. Being Sunday, the churches were 
opened, and the priests offered up prayers for the Lieutenant- 
General of the kingdom, instead of Charles X. He had 
arrived at Rambouillet, and in the course of to-day sent com- 
missaries to Paris, to ask for a safeguard through the king- 
dom ; with an offer to abdicate and a request for gold, in ex- 
change for Bank notes, which the people refused to take from 
him. 



In aid of the subscription for the wounded, and the widows 
and orphans of the brave men who distinguished themselves 
and fell in the mighty struggle last week, the Duke of Orleans 
subscribed 100,000 francs. As Lieutenant-General of the 
kingdom he issued the following 

ORDINANCES. 
" Ordinances of the Lieutenant-General of the 

Kingdom. 
'* Art. 1. The French nation resumes its colours. No 
other cockade shall henceforth be worn than the tri-coloured 
cockade. 

'^2. The Commissioners charged provisionally with the several 
departments of the Ministry shall provide each, as far as he is 
concerned, for the execution of the present ordinance. 
"Paris, Aug. 1, 1830. 

" Louis Philippe D'Orleans. 
(Countersigned) 
" The Commissioners charged provisionally with the War 
Department, *' Count Gerard. 

" No. 2. The Chamber of Peers and Chamber of Deputies 
shall meet on the 3d of August next, in the usual place. 



14S ANNALS OP THE 

^< The five following Ordiriiances appoint the Commissioners 
for the several departments of the Ministry, viz : — 
*' War — General Gerard. 
" Justice — Dupont de L'Eure. 
*' Interior — Guizot. 
" Finance — Baron Louis. 
"Prefect of Police— Girod de L'Ain." 

The first sentence of tlie first ordinance, '* The French na- 
tion resumes its colours," is^expressed by the Duke of Orleans 
as an ordinance of the French people, to which he, as their 
executive power, ordains obedience. Never will these colours 
—the/* three bright colours, each divine" — be forgotten, by 
either friends or enemies to liberty. Lord Byron's matchless 
verse describes them, in a poem of great beauty on the decora- 
tion of an order instituted by one who knew better how to 
humble despotism, and direct the energies of France against 
confederated powers, than how to restore its wounded libert}'. 
The verses alluded to are the fourth and fifth stanzas in the 
poem. 

ON THE STAR OF ''THE LEGION OF HONOUR." 

" Star of the brave ! — whose beam hath shed 
Such glory o'er the quick and dead — 
Thou radiant and adored deceit ! — 
Which milHons rushed in arms to greet, — 
Wild meteor of immortal birth ! 
Why rise in Heaven to set on earth ? 

Souls of slain heroes formed thy rays ; 
Eternity flashed through thy blaze ; 
The music of thy martial sphere 
Was fame on high and honour here ; 
And thy light broke bn human eyes, 
Like a volcano of the skies. 

Like lava rolled thy stream of blood, 
■ And swept down empires with its flood ; 
Earth rocked beneath thee to her base, 
As thou didst lighten, through all space ; 
And the shorn Sun grew dim in air, 
And set while thou wert dwelling there 

Before thee rose, and with thee grew, 

A rainbow of the loveliest hue 

Of three bright colours, each divine, 

And fit for that celestial sign ; 

For Freedom's hand had blended them, 

Like tints in an immortal gem. 



hevolution in FRA^^CE, 183U. 149 

One tint was of the sunbeam's days ; 
One the blue depth of Seraph's eyes ; 
One the pure Spirit's veil of white 
Had robed in radiance of its light : 
The three so mingled did beseem 
The texture of a heavenly dream. 

Star of the brave ! thy ray is pale, 
i^Lud darkness must again prevail 1 
But oh, thou Rainbow of the free ! 
Our tears and blood must flow for thee. 
When thy bright promise fades away, 
Our life is but a load of clay. 

And Freedom hallows with her tread 
The silent cities of the dead ; 
F.or beautiful in death are they 
Who proudly fall in her array ; 
And soon, oh Goddess I may we be 
For evermore with them or thee !'^ 

During the day, the Duke of Orleans showed himself re^ 
peatedly at the balcony of the Palais Royal, and threw his pro- 
clamations among the people amid their loud acclamations. 
The cries of '' Vive le Due d'Orleans !" were incessant. Peo- 
ple of eminence flocked to his saloon of audience. The Na- 
tional Guard were on duty outside ; he crossed their ranks re- 
peatedly, notwithstanding casualties to which he was exposed 
from being surrounded by a crowd of armed men, unaccus- 
tomed to handle heavy arms, and most of them exhausted with 
fatigue. He often gently lifted the sloping musket, armed with 
shot and bayonet, which impeded his passage through the mis- 
shapen ranks. The gate of the Tuileries was guarded by a 
man with bare arms, without coat or waistcoat^ a strange, 
wild-looking substitute for the spruce sentry formerly there. 
The people with their arms slung over a browm coat — sotne 
with no coat at all, some wdth the tri-coloured ribands stream- 
ing from a helmet, others with a neat cockade in a Sunday hat, 
and others again in an enormous fur cap stripped from some 
unfortunate iRoyal Guard — had a much more formidable ap- 
pearance than regular troops. Their brown coats Seemed to 
speak of things for vvhich men fight better and longer than for 
a soldier's pay and barrack room. 

In the evening the crowd of promenaders and loungers was 
immense. All Paris had turned out ; the artisans andlabourr 
ers to drink the cheap liquors their scanty means afforded ; and 
the richer to eat ices. All the bon-bons in the town must have 
been eaten up. 

O 



150 ANNALS OF THE 



MONDAY, AUGUST £. 

To-day the weather continued as warm and fine as it had 
been from the day Charles X. signed the ordinances ; the streets 
were crowded, but without confusion, and every where the 
pavement was renewing. 

The journals had now reappeared, except the London Ex-, 
press, the Drapeau Blanc, and the Universel, which were pro- 
bably given up. The National took a decided step at first, 
and held its fearless course throughout the struggle. To-day 
it asserted, that if the king intended to abdicate in favour of 
the Duke of Bourdeaux, it was visibly for the purpose of put- 
ting the crown on the head of a child to whom no reproach 
could be applied, and of preventing, by these means, the ex- 
tinction of the pretended rights of the Bourbon family. But, 
says this Journal, *^ We have victory on our side. Victory 
gives and takes away empires. It has placed in our hands the 
disposal of the Crown of France. We shall do so as we please, 
and in favour of a Prince acknowledging to hold it from us. 
This is an important condition for France. The Duke of Bour- 
deaux would still hold his crown ' by the grace of God.' The 
Prince we shall make choice of will hold it from us alone ; we 
must therefore reject this wretched remnant of pretension. 
Once more we are the conquerors, and we ought to profit by 
our victory.'* 

The walls were placarded with appeals in favour of invest- 
ing the Duke of Orleans with the sovereignty ; among others, 
his letter in *1 8 15 to Marshal Mortier : but there was a gene- 
ral conviction of the necessity for leaving the discussion of all 
points respecting the future King — the future constitution — r 
and the future government — to the Chambers. A commis- 
sion consisting of MM. Odillon, Barrot De Schonen, Jacqu- 
eminot, the Duke de Coigny, an^d the Duke de Proviso^ left 
Paris this afternoon for Rambouillet, with a safe-conduct for 
Charles X., and to arrange and forward his departure. 

The judges of the ancient Cour Royale of Paris engaged in 
a small way to help the lameness of legitimacy. On Friday 
the 30th, the day after Paris was delivered from its invaders by 
the energies of thepeople, and when St. Cloud itself was about 
to fall into their power, the Cour Royale kept up its intercourse 
with Charles X., whose very shadow inspired it with awe^ 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 151 

Messrs. de Mortemart and de Semonville requested M. Se- 
guier, the first president, to convoke the Court, and prevail 
upon it to adopt some step favourable to the Royal cause. M. 
Seguier consented, and drew up with his own hand the draught 
of the letter of convocation ^'in the name of his majesty.*' 
When the letters were all prepared, the porters of the Court 
were not inclined to carry them, for fear of being stopped by 
the patrols of citizens ; but at length they v/ere prevailed upon, 
and the next day, Saturday the 31st, the major part of the Ma- 
gistrates assembled to administer justice, ^^ in the name of his 
Majesty ^^^ to '< his Majesty's people.''^ They assembled alone 
— not a single Advocate — not a single Attorney appeared. 
This absence might have admonished the ancient Court that 
it no longer existed. It persisted, however, in holding its im- 
portant sittings, and to-day sat again. A number of advocates 
and solicitors appeared, but without their robes. M. Seguier, 
discovering that the ancient Cour Royale was as little agree- 
able to the bar as to the people, closed the sitting instantly. 
Two or three of the advocates, famed for monarch- worship, 
defended the Cour Royale, borrowing the hypocritical phrases of 
the ex-king : — " Justice is the prime want of the people ; the 
magistrates are irremoveable in virtue of the Charter." The 
answer was — ** It is true, justice is the prime need ot the peo- 
ple, but justice can only proceed from pure lips ; true, the ma- 
gistrates are irremoveable, but where is the principle of their 
immoveabiiity ? In the Charter. But what has become of 
the Charter ? It has been torn to pieces by the late King, 
who has violated his oath, and we are absolved from ours. 
The Charter no longer exists ; you, magistrates of th^i Charter, 
have disappeared along with it. A new government is erecting 
on the will of the people — -have you received your appoint- 
ment from this new Government ?" Thus terminated the at- 
tempt of the ancient Cour Royale to disturb the peace. 

To-day the Lieutenant-General of the kingdom issued an 
ordinance repealing condemnations for political offences of 
the press, directing the liberation of all persons confined for 
such offences, remitting their fines and expenses, and quash- 
ing prosecutions. Other ordinances appointed M. Bernard, of 
Rennes, Procureur-General at the Royal Court ; M. Barthe, 
Procureur du Roi at the tribunal of First Instance ; and M. 
Joseph Morilhon, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Justice. 
These appointments gavo much satisfaction, especially the 
latter. 

On the Duke of Orleanfs becoming Lieutenant-General, Ge- 



152 ANNALS OF THE 

neral Lafayette had resigned the command of the Nationgi! 
Gu^rd ; but the Duke prevailed on him to accept it again, and 
thus continue to the rising government the important sanction 
of his venerated narne. 

General Lafayette, on resuming his command, issued the 
following 

ORDER OF THE DAY. 

'* August 2, 
*' During the glorious crisis in which the Parisian energy has 
conquered our rights, every thing still remains provisional: 
there is nothing definitive but the sovereignty of those national 
rights, and the eternal remembrance of the glorious work of 
the people ; but, amid the various powers instituted through 
the necessity of our situation, the re-organization of the Na« 
tional Guards is a most necessary defence for the public ord^r, 
and one which is highly called tor. The opinion of the 
Prince exercising the high station of Lieutenant- General of 
the Kingdom, most honourable to myself, is, that I should for 
the present take that command. In 1 790 I refused to accept 
such an offer, made to me by S.OOOjOOO of my comrades, as 
that office would have been a permanent one, and might one 
day have become a very dangerous one. Now that circum- 
stances are-altered, I think it my duty, in order to serve liberty 
and my country, to accept the station of General-Commandant 
of the National Guards of France. 

" Lafayette." 

Another order of the day directed the general organization 
of the National Guards, upon the principles of that formed 
in 1791, without any change in the uniform, except that of the 
cutf being white instead of blue. 

In the National Guard consists the physical strength of the 
people. The measure which of all others most contributed to 
the preservation of tranquillity was the promptitude with which 
the Provisional Government, on the recommendation of La- 
fayette, proceeded to the organization of twenty regiments of 
this civic force. This arrangement had the effect of clearing 
the streets of all who, in a moment of excitement, might have 
become disturbers, and converting all into protectors of the 
public peace. The rapidity with which the lists had been filled 
up assured the minds of the most timid that, if danger were to 
arise, there would be no want of a powerful body of able, 
valiant, and disinterested defenders. Thjs mpTOn^ there was 



KlEVOLUTION IN FRANCE) 1830. 153 

^ surplus of 70,000 or 80,000 beyond the number requisite 
under ordinary circumstances. A proclamation this morning, 
from the Municipal Government, invited patriotic offerings. 

The Peers and Deputies held separate meetings to-day, pre- 
paratory to the important opening of the Chambers to-morrow 
by the Lieutenant-General of the kingdom. The Deputies 
drew lots for a grand deputation to receive him. Nearly all 
the members present were of the centre and extreme left ; 
several of the centre right attended. Very few of the extreme 
right were expected to attend the Chamber to-morrow. 

The treasure of the Dutchess d'Angouleme, amounting to 
£60,000 sterHng, fell into the hands of the government. 
Among her papers a plan of a counter-revolution was found. 
The fall of the Court of Charles X. caused confusion and 
alarm among the superior clergy. Several prelates fled from 
their diocesses, loaded with the same maledictions which ac- 
companied the King's precipitate retreat. His noted confi- 
dant and adviser, M. Latiel, archbishop of Rheims, was 
stopped at Vaugirard with a great quantity of church plate in 
his carriage. This was taken away, and he was allowed to 
proceed. 

During the whole day the roads leading to Paris were covered 
with soldiers of all descriptions coming in to join the popular 
ranks : they were immediately directed to the various depots 
appointed to receive them. The arrival of old officers and 
sub-ofl[icers was also constant ; all those in Paris had already 
submitted. The appearance of the old soldiers excited deep 
interest. They were the remnants of the old grand army, and, 
excited by recent and passing events, now displayed a spirit 
sometimes beyond their corporeal powers. This morning, at 
the Palais Royal, an elderly man in the costume of a Colonel 
of the old army was seen to limp along the galleries with great 
animation. He was attended by a man older than himself, in 
the uniform of the Veterans, who seemed to act as a species of 
orderly. They stopped at several houses to leave orders, and 
were two of the most interesting figures imaginable. The 
sight of an old officer and an old soldier in the Palais Royal, 
and on business^ excited the attention and curiosity of the 
news-loving citizens. The Colonel could not be approached, 
and his Aid-de-Camp had such an air of importance and occu- 
pation as to repel idle curiosity. A man at last ventured, vv^ith 
great humility, to ask the veteran who was the officer before 
them? The orderly abruptly replied — " Cest un ancien^^ 
(He is an old 'un) — ^^ Comment T^ — '^ Mais oui,^^ said the 

02 



154 ANNALS OF Till;: 

Serjeant, with a look of pity for the ignorance of the inquirer^* 
and of complacent pride, " tons les anciens s out Za"~( All 
the old 'uns are here). This brusque reply diffused pleasure 
among all who heard it. The old army lives in the affections 
and the confidence of the French. They call the conscripts 
and young rrencji soldiers "Jean-Jean," playfully, as we call 
our sailors ^' Jack." The old soldiers are looked upon with 
great reverence by Jean-Jean, and are called in the same way 
" les anciens" (the old fellows), or '^ old 'uns." 

This morning the admirers of court dignity received a dread- 
ful shock. The Dutchess of Orleans and her daughters came 
to the Palais Royal from their country seat near Courvevoie, 
as simple passengers, in a Caroline, a carriage similar to the 
omnibus. So notorious an irruption upon etiquette, by a 
lady of royal blood, crushed all hope of living under such 
an order of things as it portended. It was clear that the 
world — the great world — was at an end. The Dutchess of 
Orleans^ accompanied by her numerous family, visited the 
wounded at the Hotel Dieu. They there dispensed consola- 
tion and succour to the wives and children of the brave citi- 
zens. Enthusiastic acclamations greeted this solemn homage 
to courage in misfortune. The Dutchess replied by tears. In 
the evening, the young ladies of the Orleans family were em- 
ployed in making lint for the wounded. They sat in Ihe bal- 
cony of the terrace of the Palais Royal, but were concealed 
from public view. 

At night the National Guard were preparing to assist in the 
solemn ceremony of the opening of the Chamber to-morrow« 



TUESDAY, AUGUSTS. 

The opening of the Chambers, which had been fixed for to- 
day, and which, as it approached, was anticipated with in- 
creasing anxiety, now took place at the Palais du Corps Legis- 
latif, heretofore called the Chamber of Deputies. 

There were present at the opening of the session one hundred 
and ninety-four Deputies. They were chiefly of the extreme 
left, consisting mostly of Repubhcans and some Buonaparteans ; 
the centre left, consisting of moderate Reformers, and a few 
opponents to ministers, desiring their places rather than dis- 
liking their measures ; and about a dozen moderate adherents 
to the expelled dynasty : there were no ultra-royalists. The 



EEVOLUTION IN FnANCE, 1830. 155 

g'alleries were crowded with peers, general officers of the old 
army, the diplomatic body, and other auditors. In the body of 
the Ciiamber were the Deputies, who, instead of appearhig in 
their royal costume, preserved their ordinary black clothing. 
A few of them who were generals appeared in uniform. The 
most conspicuous military man was General Sebastiani, wha, 
though dressed in black, wore over his coat the grand cordon 
of the Legion of Honour. They awaited the arrival of the 
Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom. There were about sixty- 
nine peers present. 

At one o'clock, the Duke of Orleans, dressed in the uniform 
of a Lieutenant-General, and accompanied by detachments of 
the National Guard of each arrondissement, left the Palais 
Royal. He was received on his passage with enthusiastic 
cries of ^* Vive d'Orleans !" and " Vive la Liberte !" On 
arriving at the Palais of the Legislatif body, the music of the 
legions struck up the air of *' La victoire est a nous." The 
Duke, preceded by his family, was ushered into the hall of 
the sittings, by the grand deputation appointed lo receive him. 
On their entrance they were received by the Deputies standing, 
and with loud cries of " Vive d'Orleans !" — *' Vive la Liberte I'' 
The Dutchess of Orleans appeared greatly affected by the 
scene, and, notwithstanding the efforts she made to conceal 
her feelings, the redness of her eyes betrayed recent emotions? 
occasioned by the joyous acclamations of the people, during 
the progress from the Palais Royal. 

The Duke of Orleans, as Lieutenant-General of the King- 
dom, opened the sittings by the following speech : — 

" Peers and Deputies, 

Paris, troubled in its repose by a deplorable violation of 
the Charter and of the laws, defended them with heroic cou- 
rage ! f n the midst of this sanguinary struggle, all the guaran- 
tees of social order no longer subsisted. Persons, property, 
rights, every thing that is most valuable and dear to men and 
to citizens, was exposed to the most serious danger. 

" In this absence of all public power, the wishes of the 
public citizens turned towards me ; they have judged me 
worthy to concur with them in the salvation of the country ; 
they have invited me to exercise the functions of Lieutenant- 
General of the kingdom. 

'* Their cause appeared to me to be just, — the danger im- 
mense — the necessity imperative, — my duty sacred. I hastened 
to the midst of this valiant people, followed by my family^ and 



156 ' AKNAIS OF THE ^ 

wearing those colours^vhich, for the second time, have marked 
among us the triumph of liberty. 

'* I liave coQie, firmly resolved to devote myself to all that 
circumstances should require of me in the situation in which 
they have placed me, to establish the empire of the laws, to 
save liberty, which was threatened, and render impossible the 
return of such great evils, by securing for ever the power of 
that Charter whose name, invoked during the combat, was also 
appealed to after the victory, i^ Applauses,) 

'^ In the accomplishment of this nobk task it is for the Cham- 
bers to guide ine. All rights must be solenmlf guaranteed, all 
the institutions necessary to their full and free exercise must re- 
ceive the developements of which they have tieed. Attached 
by inclination and conviction to the principles of a free govern- 
ment) I accept beforehand all the consequences of it. I think 
it my duty immediately to call your attention to the organiza- 
tion of the National Guards, to the application of the jury to 
the crimes of the press, the formation of the departmental and 
municipal administrations, and above all to that fourteenth ar- 
ticle of the Charter which has been so hatefully interpreted. 
{Fresh applauses,) 

'« It is with these sentiments, gentlemen, that I come to open 
this session. 

*' The past is painful to me. I deplore misfortunes which I 
could have wished to prevent ; but in the midst of this mag- 
nanimous transport of the capital, and of all the other French 
cities, at the sight of order reviving with marvellous prompt- 
ness, after a resistance pure from all excesses, a just national 
pride moves my heart, and I look forward with confidence to 
the future destiny of the country. 

" Yes, gentlemen, France, which is so dear to us, will be 
happy and free; it will show to Europe that, solely engaged 
with its internal prosperity, it loves peace as well as liberty, and 
desires only the happiness and the repose of its neighbours. 

" Respect for all rights, care for alt interests, good faith in 
the government, are the best means to disarm parties, and to 
bring back to people's minds that confidence, to the institi^ions 
that stability, which are the only certain pledges of the happi- 
ness of the people, and of the strength of the states. 
" Peers and Deputies, — 

«' As soon as the Chambers shall be constituted, I shall have 
laid before you the acts of abdication of his majesty King Charles 
X. By the same act his royal highness Louis Antoine de 
France also renounces his rights. This act was plated in my 



KEVOLUTIOX IN FRANCE, 1830. 15T 

hands yesterday, the 2d of August, at 1 1 o'clock at night. I 
have this morning ordered it to be deposited in the archives of 
the Chamber of Peers, and I caused it to be inserted in the offi- 
cial part of the Moniteur,^' 

The Duke pronounced his speech in a very audible voice, 
and laid peculiar emphasis on the passages in which he alluded 
to the violations of the Charter, and the guarantees against fu- 
ture encroachments. The instant he concluded, the cries of 
*' Vive d' Orleans J^'^ — '•' Vive la liberty T^ were repeated more 
loudly than before. The Duke appeared to be deeply affected : 
he saluted the assembly several times, and withdrew with his 
sons, attended by the great deputation, which conducted him 
back to the door. 

M. Lafitte then advanced towards the centre of the assembly 
and said, " I think, gentlemen, that we ought to separate to- 
day, to meet again to-morrow at noon.*' Some members pro- 
posed to form bureaux (committees), and appoint a president 
at once ; but the Chamber adjourned till to-morrow. 

The opening of the Chamber was of necessity an affair of 
mere ceremony, and in five minutes the sitting was ended. The 
immense crowd which surrounded the palace filled the air wdth 
the loudest acclamations. The National Guard alone, in their 
best uniforms, lined the way ; but they seemed to have come ra- 
ther to take part in the fete than to maintain order, for nobody 
thought of disturbing it. At the slightest injunction of a citizen- 
soldier, the groups dispersed as if by enchantment to make room 
for the Deputies. An individual, who used some expressions 
of loyalty to the ex-King, was escorted to the guard-house : in 
the former revolution such a manifestation would have con- 
ducted him to the next lamp-iron. A single incident inter- 
rupted tranquillity for a moment at one point. Some persons 
carried about the square a tri-coloured flag covered with crape, 
crying, '^ Liberty or death !" The National Guard speedily 
dispersed this assemblage : a few of them w-ere for a moment 
arrested* They were found to have pistols about them, but not 
loaded, and the prisoners were immediately released. 

The act of abdication of Charles X., and of the Due d'An- 
gouleme, referred to by the Duke of Orleans in his speech, as 
having been received by him at midnight, i^ annexed : — It was 
addressed, '•' To my cousin, the Duke of Orleans, Lieutenant' 
General of the Kingdom :" — 

*' Rambouillet, Aug. 2. 

" My Cousin, — lam too profoundly grieved by the evils 
\yhich afflict, or might threaten my people, not to have sought a 



158 ANNALS OF THE 

means of preventing them. I have therefore taken the reso- 
lution to abdicate the crown in favour of my grandson, the 
Due de Bourdeaux. 

''The Dauphin, who partakes my sentiments, also re- 
nounces his rights in favour of his nephew. 

'' You will have, then, in your quahty of Lieutenant-General 
of the Kingdom, to cause the accession of Henry V. to the 
crown to be proclaimed. You will take, besides, all the mea- 
sures which concern you to regulate the form for the govern- 
ment during the minority of the new King. Here I confine 
myself to making known these dispositions^ : it is ti means to 
ayoid many evils. 

" You will communicate my intentions to the diplomatic 
body ; arid you will acquaint me as soon as possible with the 
proclamation by which my grandson shall have been recognised 
King of France, under the name of Henry V. 

" I charge Lieutenant-General Viscount de Foissac-Latour 
to deliver ^his letter to you. He has orders to settle with you 
the arrangements to be made in favour of the person^ who have 
accompanied me, as well as the arrangements necessary for 
what concerns me and the rest of my family. 

" We will afterward regulate the other measures which will 
be the consequence of the change of the reign. 

" I repeat to you, my cousin, the assurance of the senti- 
ments with which I am your affectionate cousin, 

'' Charles, 

" Louis Antoine.*' 

This act of a man in dotage was in exact conformity with 
every movement of the weakness he had always evinced, and 
which^seemed to appertain to the family. When the fortress of 
the Bastile was stormed and taken in July, 1789, and poor 
Louis XVL was informed of it, he thought it might be more 
than a street riot, and he called it '' a revolt :" the Due de Li- 
ancourt — w^ith the honesty of Trim towards his master my un- 
cle Toby— said to the king '' Please your Majesty, it is a revo- 
lution I" On Wednesday, when a terrified miniature painter, 
covered with the gore of a man shot by his side in Paris, told 
Charles X. of the insurrection of the people, the king said '^ It 
is nothing 1 — begin ;" and he calmly sat down to have his like- 
ness taken. After the insurrection had become a revolution, 
and the provisional government appointed the Duke of Orleans 
Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, Charles X. — at that time 
actually the creature of the people's mercy — dreamed of still 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. l59 

possessing power, and he appointed the Duke Lieutenant-Ge- 
neral of the Kingdom. At St. Cloud , where the people allowed 
him to remain on sufferance, he imagined " his people 1" would , 
petition him to return ; — '^ his people," whom his troops had 
been for three days, by his order, endeavouring to butcher into 
submission I This was too much to bear, and, on " his people" 
preparing to force him from St, Cloud, he escaped to Ram- 
bouillet J from thence he sent to the provisional government 
then established in Paris, and got his bank notes changed, in 
order, as they supposed, to enable him to continue his flight to 
the coast. No. Still they were " his people!" — still their 
loyalty might return ! — still they might want him in Paris I He 
now had a camp at Rambouillet, with several corps of the 
Royal Guards around him. It was impossible to suffer within 
thirty miles of the capital an armed force which did not depend 
upon the established government, and which, by its bare pre- 
sence near Paris, kept the people there in a state of dangerous 
irritation. In fact, the agitation against him increased alarm- 
ingly in the capital, and there was every moment reason to fear 
that masses of the population would, of their own accord^ 
march to attack him. 

The Duke of Orleans perceived the necessity of anticipating 
movements which the prolongation of the abode of Charles X. 
at Rambouillet could not fail to produce, and he selected chiefs 
who, by regulating the people, might prevent excesses. He 
felt also, that sentiments of affection and relationship dictated 
to him the same measures that were commanded by his public 
duties. The people were ringing the tocsin, and arming of 
themselves. The drum of the government called the National 
Guards ta their posts. It was then announced to them that 
the attitude taken by the King required that he should be 
brought to reason — be compelled to go, or surrender— and that 
to effect one or the other, the citizens of Paris were required 
by government to march on Rambouillet. The command of 
the force was given to General Pajol, and under him were Ge- 
neral Excelmans, Colonel Jacqueminot, and M. George La- 
fayette. The pupils of the Polytechnic School were to act as 
they directed, and no regular or organJ2«d troops were to be 
employed. Volunteers, including lill those who had retained 
muskets since the day of their trfiimph, presented themselves in 
every direction. Six thousand departed within two hours. To 
despatch them quickly, and save them from fatigue, the omni- 
buses, and all the other carriages of that class, with hackney 
coaches, and cabriolets,, were put in requisition. Thousands of 



160 AJ^NALS OF THE 

others set out on foot, not in bodies, but in a continued stream* 
They marched by the Champs^Elysees to the Bois de Boulogne^ 
where the first attempt to reduce them to order was made, and 
from thence by St. Cloud and Versailles. Hundreds of this 
multitude were burning with inveteracy against a despot who 
had remorselessly persisted in ordering the daily slaughter of 
the people. The sons of an old man of seventy, who was shot 
while standing at his window, joined in the march, fully re- 
solved, if the slightest occasion should offer, to destroy some 
of the royal family. The equipments were motley in the ex- 
treme. Some were armed with rusty bayonets, some with 
swords of one shape, some of another ; some with pikes at the 
end of a pole, some with horse pistols ; some were without 
shirts, some without jackets, others without stockings ; some 
were in aprons, with part of the spoils of the soldiers over them ; 
some in ragged caps, and some with the caps of the Swiss, who 
with hundreds of others^ were in the bed of the river. Had 
these people come in contact with Charles X., whom they 
deemed the author of the late scenes in Paris, his head might 
probably have preceded them into Paris. Such an act was 
happily provided against by the Lieutenant-General. He had 
hoped that the march of 6000 of the National Guard, which 
was the force ordered against Rambouillet, would direct the 
popular movements, and be such a demonstration as would in- 
duce Charles X. to take the only step which so many circum- 
stances united to make him adopt — that of retiring, and dis- 
solving the armed force with which he was still surrounded. 
The National Guard was joined by between 50,000 and 60,000 
men, with that eagerness which distinguishes the French nation 
in its enterprises. But at the same time that the Duke of Or- 
leans fulfilled with resolution his duties as head of the state, he 
gave every thing that he owed to misfortune and to the dignity 
of France. Three commissioners. Marshal Maison, M. de 
Schonen, and M. Odellon Barrot, were ordered to go to Charles 
X., and protect him as far as the frontier. These commis- 
sioners preceded the column advancing from Paris by some 
hours. They saw the King, and urged him, in the name of 
humanity, not to cause French blood to be shed in vain, and 
at length induced him to depart. There were previous stipu- 
lations on both sides. Charles was to restore the crown dia- 
monds, and the provisional government was to furnish him with 
4,000,000 of francs (about 170,000Z. sterling) ; and one-fourth 
of this sum was required immediately. Such matters were 
soon arranged, the commissioners obtained possession of the 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 16i 

diamonds, and Charles having determined on proceeding to 
Cherbourg, they notified it by the following letter. 

TO THE LIEUTENANT-GENERAL OF THE KINGDOM. 

" Ramhouillet^ Aug, 3. 
"Monseigneur, — It is with joy that we announce the success 
of our mission. The King has determined to depart with all 
his family. We shall bring you all the incidents and details 
of the journey with the greatest precision. May it terminate 
happily ! 

••^ We follow the route to Cherbourg. All the troops are 
directed to march on Epernon. To-morrow morning it will be 
decided which shall definitively follow the King. 

'' We are, with respect and devotion, 

" Your Royal Highness's 
** Most humble and obedient servants, 
'* De Schonen, 
'* Le Marechal Maison, 
"Odillon Barrot." 

After Charles X. had dismissed his infantry, the Royal 
Guard capitulated, and he quitted Rambouillet, with all his 
family, abandoning every thing, except however his hopes that 
the Duke of Bourdeaux or himself might regain the proprietor- 
ship of "his people." The National Guards and the people 
had bivouacked at Coignieres, and at daybreak desired to enter 
Rambouillet. They were restrained by their commanders 
until after the commissioners and their charge had left the 
town, and the people even then had the good sense to depute 
a vanguard of 3G0 men, who entered alone. The only abuse 
of the victory was the possession of some of the King's bedi- 
zened carriages, which they drove back to Paris in state, with 
eight horses to each, and each with overfull loads of mostun- 
genteel passengers inside and outside. Meantime Charles X., 
with his family and the commissioners, arrived at Dreaux, 
where the day's journey was to terminate. The town had 
hoisted the tri-coloured flag. Its National Guard occupied th^ 
outposts, and had detained the officers who had been sent 
forward to prepare quarters. The Commissioners appeared, 
and, at the sight of their tri-coloured scarf, the barriers were 
opened ; the commissioners entered alone, and announced to 
the National Guard that hostilities had terminated, that Charles 

P 



162 ANNALS OF THE 

X. was no longer sovereign of the country, but unhappy, and 
had a claim to all the attention due to misfortune. The Na- 
tional Guard declared their assent by acclamations, and car- 
ried their delicacy so far as to hide as much as possible their 
tri-coloured cockades when the King passed by. 



In this posture of affairs all desired a permanent government, 
but all were not agreed as to the form it should assume. The 
real state of the public mind, and the reasons of each party, 
with suggestions calculated to reconcile their differences, were 
set forth in the following able article, from a careful perusal of 
which sticklers for forms of government may gain knowledge, 
and, if they have the power of reflection, derive wisdom. 

{From the Journal des Dehats.) 

^'' A new order of things commences. We think it our 
duty to explain openly our opinions and principles upon the 
subject. 

" The eldest branch of the House of Bourbon has ceased to 
govern. His fall has been rapid. In less than eight days he 
has fallen from his throne. He departs to-day, carrying 
with him from France only an eternal farewell, mingled in 
compassionate minds with pity, alas ! but without regret. He 
departs : — he goes to seek his old exile. He is about to cross 
the sea once more. No more France tor hitn ! No more 
country ! It was his own seeking. He has by his errors 
defeated the work of Providence, which had beyond all hope 
recalled him from exile to place him on the greatest throne 
in Christendom. 

'' However well deserved the catastrophe may be- we 
cannot contemplate it entirely without emotion. We pity the 
,daughter of Louis XVI., who has suffered so much, and always 
heroically, and who returned hastily from her journey to ac- 
company the flight of her family. We pity the Princess, whose 
happiness her sister envied when she was going to reign in 
Spain a few months since, and who loses, at one blow, the Ma-^ 
jesty of her widowhood and the future Royalty of her son. We 
commiserate so many rapid changes of fortune, and we bring 
to mind the expression of Massillon, ^^God is great." We 
may add that if God alone is great, it is because God alone is 
just, and that according to the words of the poet— - 

^* Sa parole est stable et ne troinpe jamais," 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 163 

" These are our sentiments. We do not make a mystery of 
them, believing that we should not offend that branch of the 
Bourbons about to govern us by stating how very fragile is 
the greatness of those whose oaths are fragile ; believing also 
that we shall not displease France by reminding it of misfor- 
tunes which it sought to prevent by its representations, but 
which were doomed to be accomplished, accompanied by the 
agg^-avation of two crimes which can never be effaced— the 
violation of sworn faith, and the effusion of French blood. 

'* We come now to the principles which will be the rule of 
our conduct in the new order of things. 

" The eldest branch of the Bourbons fell the first time in 
1 789, in conjunction with the whole of social order. Notwith* 
standing the violence of the revolution, it did not entirely de-^ 
stroy the old social order. There were opinions and powerful 
interests which clung to it. These assisted the restoration. 
Now the eldest branch of the same family falls ; but falls alone. 
No part of our existing social order has perished with it— nay, 
more, it is because this branch wished to overthrow social 
order, that it has been itself overthrown. Its return, therefore, 
is impossible. Persons are never considered for themselves, 
but for the things which they lepreseni and personify , Now the 
eldest branch of the Bourbons represents at the present time 
only itself, — itself alone, and perhaps also the power of the 
clergy ; that is to say, a thing which is more superannuated 
and defunct in France than absolute power — -a thing which 
dates from the middle age, while absolute loyalty dates only 
from the sixteenth century. Its return is therefore impos- 
sible, — nothing of our actual social order having perished 
with it; 

" But, in order that its return maybe impossible, it is neces- 
sary to maintain the existing social order. We must maintain 
our institutions, and only develop them according to the 
means which they themselves furnish us with for doing so. 
Let us maintain what is, since what is is not opposed to what 
ought to he^ since what is favours the regular development of 
society. Let us maintain the Representative Government, 
which is at once conservative and progressive. 

*' In France, if our power is employed to maintain the ex- 
isting social order, it is invincible ; for it is supported by the 
wishes of the majority. If it be employed against the main- 
tenance of our institutions— if we desire to establish the re- 
public, this power becomes more doubtful and uncertain, be- 



164 ANNALS OF THE 

cause it is necessary to measure it no longer in its relation witli' 
France, but with Europe. 

" In effect, every thing which is done in France is a Euro- 
pean event. We do not labour for ourselves alone, but for all 
the continent. Such is our destiny ; grand and majestic, 
doubtless, but one which Ought to occasion us serious reflec- 
tions. The French revolution shook the whole continent, 
overthrew states, changed the old European society. What we 
do at this moment will also have its effect on Europe ; that we 
may be certain of. The question to be decided now is, whe- 
ther the republic has the majority of Europe in its favour. 

** We believe for our own parts, that a republic has not the 
majority of France in its favour ; but it is certain, it is evident, 
that it has not the majority of Europe in its favour. If, then, 
we form ourselves into a republic, we must republicanise the 
whole of Europe, whether it will or no. The experience of 
the revolution proves that it will be a necessity more powerful 
than all the promises we may make of occupying ourselves 
with our own affairs, without concerning ourselves with our 
neighbours. This selfishness is possible only in England, In 
France it is impossible. 

'' To republicanise Europe is a formidable task, when we 
reflect that the representative government, the inevitable pre- 
face to a republican state, has scarcely begun to exist without 
strength and power in some of the small states of Germany, 
and that it does not exist at all in Prussia, Austria, Italy, and 
Spain. — What wars, what blood, w^hat money, would it not 
cost to bring Europe to an order of things from which she is 
still removed ! — But w^e will conquer as we have already done. 
Yes ; but on what condition have you conquered ? On condi- 
tion of having a Buonaparte. We will have one. Yes ; but 
at the same price as the other— that is to say, at the price of 
liberty ; so that, by an inevitable circle, a republic brings war 
- — war brings a Buonaparte — and Buonaparte brings the aboli- 
tion of the republic. But if we had a republican Buonaparte ! 
— it is impossible. What made Buonaparte's power was his 
having all the energies of France in his hands. But in order to 
obtain them he was obliged to protect the interests of the ancient 
regime, to raise up the altars, to recall the emigrants, and to do 
all this he was compelled to make himself Emperor. There 
is, therefore, ahvays the same inevitable circle — the republic, 
war, the empire — that is to say, the abolition of the republic. 

'^ The maintenance of the easting social order,, and its pro- 



liMott/TION IN FRANCE J 18 30* 165 

gressive and regular development — those are our principles. 
Existing society has for its object the union of liberty and or- 
der. This union France has sought for forty years. Under 
Buonaparte it had order without liberty ; under Louis XVIII. 
an able king, they succeeded each other in turn rather than co- 
existed ; it was all, we believe, that the difficulties of the times 
permitted. To secure order, our first care should be to get 
rid of provisional government; for that would soon be anar- 
chy ! It is for the Chamber of Peers and the Chamber of De-* 
puties to provide for the safety of France. We await their 
decision." 



An English lady, in a letter to her husband in London, plea- 
santly expresses her opinion of the important movements in 
Paris. She says — " What a pity — you that are an amateur 
^ — that you have not been here to see a pattern revolution. 
The French, from being, a warning, have become an ex- 
ample — a glorious example to all nations; Never was any 
thing more prompt, more- vigorous, more intelligent, and, after 
the most triumphant success, more moderate. And all con- 
ducted by a populace unprepared, and absolutely without 
Chiefs. Not a single act of unnecessary destruction or vio- 
lence of any sort has been committed. Yesterday evening we 
walked through crowds of armed men in all the intoxication of 
victory, without the slightest inconvenience. The tri-coloUred 
flag and cockade were displayed in all directions ; the people 
were parading the streets with garlands of roses hung on the 
points of their bayonets, and from one end of Paris to the other 
nothing was heard but one universal cry of * Vive la Charte /' ^^ 
She then briefly relates scenes that preceded this tranquillity, 
and carelessly adds, the '> poor Garde Royale — my good 
friends of Notre Dame— how bravely have they sold their lives 
for sixpence a day, and for that which they have been educated 
to believe right. And this poor foolish King ! — can you be- 
lieve such profound infatuation ?- — yesterday, at noon, he gra* 
ciously granted an amnesty to his loving subjects ! I dare say 
the poor man will retire to Hartwell, or elsewhere, with a con- 
science void of offence towards God and man. In fact, the 
being a century behind their subjects in knowledge is the only 
fault of the Bourbons ; and, perhaps, they ought no more to be 
held responsible for the calamities they have been the cause o^ 
than the bull Apis, if his worshippers had chosen to cut their 
throats on his account. However, it is to be hoped that the 
feign of oxen and asses is nearly at an end all over the worlds 

P 2: 



166 AINNALS OF 'ftl^E^ 

—My brother Charles was at the taking of the Tuileries, aiid 
went m with the rest. He brought nie some scented wood 
from the toilette of the Ducthess de Berri. He said the peo- 
ple did no mischief except tearing down the curtains to make 
themselves scarfs. Only one picture was shot through with 
hundreds of balls — it was the portrait of the Due de Ragusa. 
Notwithstanding their moderation, the people seemed to think 
that they had a fair right to make themselves welcome to the 
contents of the cellar. Charles says a'bottle which fell to his 
share tasted exactly like the sacramental wine at Queen's. — It is 
ROW reported that the Due d'Orleans is to be King ; but I do 
not believe any thing is yet known. As far as the nation is 
concerned all is finished ; for it is little mischief that seven 
madmen, with the poor unfortunate King at their head, could 
do. But, if they should bring down others of their clan from 
foreign countries, this may be only the beginning of misfor- 
timeg. I cannot help thinking it is lucky that George IV. is 
gathered to his fathers ; for he might have taken it into his 
head to meddle in the matter.— The preparations for defence 
are not in the least relaxed, and there are said to be in Paris 
70,000 men under arms. Except for the 1500 killed and 
wounded, lliis would almost have been what Mirabeau said- 
was impossible — a revolution of rose-water." 

To-day, the duke de Chartres, eldest son of the Lieuten- 
ant-General, entered Paris at the head of his regiment, preced- 
ed and followed by the National Guards of Rouen and Evreux, 
and a very considerable number of young men. He proceed- 
ed along the boulevards to the Palais Royal, with the duke 
of Orleans, and the duke of Nemours, on his right and left. 
The assembled crowd welcomed him with the most lively ac- 
clamations. 

The officers of the old army were flocking in all day. It 
was amusing to observe with what importance the old (private) 
soldiers bore themselves. The '^ young ones," the men who 
fought so bravely last week, were still in possession of many of 
the posts they took ; the Bank Guard w^as composed of them 
and the National Guards, half and half, and the same in the 
Palais Roy^al ; but the Tuileries has been continued to thern- 
aelves, with the tri-coloured flag they hoisted on it when they 
took it, consisting of three pocket handkerchiefs, subscribed by 
the captors, pinned together to form the tri-colour. 

This afternoon the volunteers of Elbeuf made their en- 
tree into the ci-devant caserne of the Garde du Corps. They 
were a fine body of men, abo^t 400 in number, all armed 



Revolution in France, 1830. 167 

with muskets and bayonets, and more than one half of them 
in the full uniform of the National Guards. Immense bodies 
from other quarters were on their march to succour the Pari- 
sians, if necessary. An '^ old 'un," who stood to see the El- 
beuf battahon enter— a man of about sixty — his hair black, but 
his mustaches and whiskers gray — -wore a sky-blue vest, a 
scarlet dolman or pelisse, buff leather breeches, boots, a square 
fur cap, and sabretache — all ornamented with the letter " N" 
and Bees. He said he had been a Quartermaster of the Corps 
of Guides of the Imperial Guard. He had resumed his well- 
preserved uniform, and left his house at Chaton, near St. 
Germaine-en-Laye, on Sunday last, to join the *' new army," 
as he called it, and narrowly escaped a volley fired at him by( 
some retreating Swiss. He had been restored to his old rank 
by the existing Government. The careful preservation of 
every article of their ancient costume, by those veterans, tends 
to prove that what happened last week would have happened, 
sooner or later, even though the charter had not been openly 
violated. 



An English gentleman relates an amusing anecdote. He 
was walking to-day in the plain of Grenelle, and met a coun- 
tryman armed with a fowling-piece, accompanied by a tall, sol- 
dier-like young man, with his arm in a sling. In reply to in- 
quiry for news of the king, the countryman said the Sacre had 
fled. "This man with his arm in a sling," added he, ''is 
my prisoner. Is it not true, Jean ?" '•'' Yes," said the young 
man, with a humble shake of the head. "He was a soldierj- 
and so I fired at him," said the countryman, '^ and shot him 
through the arm, which reminded him that I was the friend of 
his cousin. He told me he was from Issy (a village near Paris), 
and would join the people ; so I took him into a public-house, 
and gave him some wine, and a pair of trousers, and that 
jacket ; for I could not hear the sight of his butcher's dress. 
1 then had his moustaches shaved, and we are now on our way 
across the plain, to spend the evening with his cousin." This 
incident shows the kindly disposition that prevailed among the- 
people towards each oth^r. 



t6i ANNALS QF TH^ 



WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 4. 

At noon to-day the Chamber of Deputies met, and proceed- 
ed to business under M. Labbey de Pompierre, President* by 
seniority, when the nine bureaux (committees) were formed 
by ballot. The validity of the elections was discussed. A 
great number of members were declared duly elected, and the 
decision upon others postponed. M. Charles Dupin said that 
oh account of the crisis of affairs it was highly important to pro- 
ceed rapidly, and therefore to declare that the Chamber would 
sit permanently till it had verified the powers of all the mem- 
bers who had presented their papers. This was agreed to, 
and the Chamber proceeded to vote for five candidates, one of 
whom was finally to be elected President. The five members 
chosen were M. CassimirPerrier,M. Jacques Lafit-te, M. Benja- 
min Delessert, M. Dupin, sen., and M. Royer Collard. 
Towards the close of the sitting, M. Charles Dupin said, 

" With the Charter in my hand, I say " M. de Corcelles 

interrupted him — *' The Charter is defunct." During the bal- 
loting, groups were formed in different parts of the hall, and, 
from some words that fell, it was evident that they were dis- 
cussing the propriety of forming a Secret Committee, to which 
the majority evidently were opposed ; the words " point de 
Comite Secret ! jamais de Comite Secret ! set the question at 
rest. The abdication of Charles X. offered matter for much 
remark : a member of the extreme left exclaimed, with vehe- 
mence, *^ We do not want his abdication : in our quality of re- 
presentatives of the French people, we have a right to impose 
upon him the forfeiture of the throne." 

In the Chamber of Peers, Baron Pasquier, appointed Presi- 
dent of the Chamber by an Ordinance of yesterday, took the 
Chair, and an Ordinance was read, by which the Dukes de 
Chartres and Nemours, sons of the Lieutenant-General, were 
authorized to sit during the Session. The Chamber appointed 
Secretaries, and a Committee to draw up the Address, and 
balloted for the bureaux. 



It is not proposed to follow Charles X. in his progress witfr 
the Commissioners. The foUow^ing document from Marmont^* 
dated to-day, appears to have been the last document issued im 
Ihe GX-King's behalf. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 169 



'' ORDER OF THE DAY. 

" Moulins^ August 4. 

*' Immediately after the departure of the King, all the regi- 
ments of infantry and artillery of the guards and of the gen- 
d'armerie will commence their march to Chartres, where they 
will receive all the provisions necessary for them. Messrs. 
the chiefs of the corps, after having called their regiments to- 
gether, will declare to them that His Majesty, with the most 
profound affliction, finds himself obliged to separate from 
them ; that he commands them to express his satisfaction to 
the troops ; and that he will always preserve the remembrance 
of their admirable conduct, of their devotedness and their pa- 
tience in enduring the hardships and privations under which 
they have laboured during the late unfortunate events. 

'' The King, for the lae^t time, transmitted his orders to the 
brave troops of the guards and of the line who have accom- 
panied him. They are to go to Paris, where they will make 
their submission to the Prince Lieutenant-General of the king- 
dom, who has taken all necessary measures for their safety and 
their future welfare. (Signed) 

" The Marshal Duke of RAGUSA. 
(Countersiijned) 

*' The Chief of the Staff", the Mirquis de CHOISEUIL,'' 

A letter was seized from the Duchess d'Angouleme to a 
friend, in which she says that, '' after such decisive steps as 
those, she really commences to love her uncle." This de- 
monstrates her approbation of the manners of the ex-King, 
who is her uncle and also her father-in-law. Papers were 
stated to have been found, clearly establishing the fact of the 
formation of prevotal qpurts, and of the determination of the 
ex-minister to have condemned more than forty peers to death. 
Upon authority which the Journal du Commerce believes au- 
thentic, it publishes a list of persons for whose arrest warrants 
were signed on the 25th of July. Many of these were depu- 
ties duly elected, though in the warrants they are styled " for- 
mer deputies." The warrants weje dated on the 26th, in 
order that the ordinances of the day before, which annulled 
the rights of these deputies, might colour the disojvnment. A 
magistrate of the Tribunal de Premiere Instance, whose name 
the Journal du Commerce purposely conceals, signed the war- 
rants. The following is the list of the individuals singled out 



170 ANNALS OF THE 

for court vengeance : — Messrs. Eusebe de Salverte ; General 
Dernar9ay ; General Count Clausel ; General Lamarque ; 
Tircuir de Corcelles ; Benjamin Constant ; the Count de 
Bondy \ Duris Dufresne ; Viennet ; Daunon ; General Mou- 
ton ; Count de Lobau ; Labbey de Pompieres : Manguin, 
Advocate; Devaux, Advocate ; the Marquis de Grammont ; 
Mercier, President of the Tribunal of Commerce at Alengon; 
Colonel de Briqueville ; Colonel de Jacqueminot ; Dupont (de 
FEure) ; and Audry de Puiraveau, all former Deputies ; Isam- 
bert, Advocate: Odillon Barrot, Advocate; Merilhon ; Cb. 
Dunoyer, Publicist ; Lieutenant-General Pafol ; Chatelain and 
de Lapenauze, editors of the Courrier Frangais ; Ch. Fabre, 
editor of the Tribune des Departemens ; Evariste, Dumou- 
lin, Cauchois, Lemaire, and x\nnees, editors of the Constitu- 
tionnel ; L. Pillet, editor of the Journal de Paris ; Roqueplan 
and Bohain, editors of the Figaro ; Bert, editor of the Journal 
du Commerce ; J. Coste, Baude, and Barbaroiix, editors of the 
Temps ; Gauja, editor of the National; and P. Leroux, editor 
of the Globe. Five vtrarrants of depot were issued against 
Messrs. De Schonen, Counseller at Paris; de Podenas, Coun- 
sellor at Toulouse ; Chardel, Judge of the Tribunal of the 
Seine ; and Bavoux, Judge, all former Deputies ; and Madier 
Montjau, Counsellor at Nismes. Orders were also issued to 
exercise surveillance over Messrs. Jacques Lafitte, Banker ; 
Cassimir Perrier, Banker ; Baron Louis, formerly a Minister ; 
Lieutenant-General Count Gerard ; Lieutenant-General Du- 
mas ; General Lafayette ; Destult de Tracy, jun. ; and Vatis- 
menil, Minister of State, former Deputies ; Colonel Fabvier ; 
Vice- Admiral Truguet, Peer of France ; Montalivet, Peer of 
France ; Charles Comte, formerly editor of the Censeur Eu- 
rojjeen ; Barthe, Advocate ; and Leon Thiesse, Journalist. 
Among these will be perceived the names of some of the 
ablest and most venerated men in Frar^ce. 

To-day there was posted up in all the streets of Paris the 
following 

PLAeARD. 

'* Charles X. can never again enter Paris ; he has caused 
the blood of his people to flow. 

" A republic will expose us to dreadful divisions and causo- 
quarrels with Europe. 

*' The Duke of Orleans never fought against us. 

*' The Duke of Orleans was at Jemappe. 

^* The Duke of Orleans is a Citizen King^ 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 17l 

** The Duke of Orleans wore the tri-coloured cockade in 
battle, and he will wear it again — we will have no other. 

" The Duke of Orleans has not proclaimed himself, but 
waits our wishes. Let us proclaim him : he will accept the 
Charter, and the French people will support his throne." 

The Duke of Bourbon (Conde), an aged prince of the 
blood, who kept at a distance from the court of Charles X., 
declared his adhesion to his relative the Duke of Orleans as 
Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom. He was at St. Leu, 
where he resided, on the 28th and 29th July, when the in- 
habitants, irritated at the ordinances of Charles X., rose and 
resolved to overthrow the local authorities and the ensigns of 
royalty. Their first care, however, was to proceed to the resi- 
dence of the prince, and to assure him that they would respect 
his person, offering him a guard. To this offer the Prince 
replied that he was in the midst of Frenchmen ; that, being a 
citizen like them, he had nothing to fear. The next day they 
returned to him and said, — *' Prince, the tri-coloured flag is 
hoisted on all the public monuments and edifices. We should 
like to hoist it in our Commune." '* My friends," replied he, 
fastening a cockade to his button-hole, " these colours, which 
the nation has just adopted, will henceforth be mine, and I 
shall see them with pleasure at the Hotel of the Mayor ; for I 
shall readily w^ear them myself." About three ^eeks after- 
ward, in a state of nervous irritation, produced by harassing 
taunts and reproaches of adherents to Charles X., which the 
feebleness of age could not sustain, he committed suicide. 

Attention was now resumed to the regulation of the me- 
tropolis. The duties payable to the city of Paris on the entry 
of goods and merchandise were re-established. The service 
of water to the streets and houses was no longer suspended. 
From the 27th of July to the 4th of August, it was impossible 
for carts to pass freely, and all merchandise was carried on 
men's shoulders. The pavement, which in every street had 
been simultaneously raised and formed into barricades, was 
now replaced. The boulevards were, in a great degree, dis- 
encumbered from the trees which had been felled, and which 
time only can repair. The chief loss of these ornaments was 
from the Rue Montmartre to the Cafe de la Paix, where not 
a tree was left. 

A Paris letter, dated to-day, speaks of the hope and alarm 
sometimes excited in the city. — " When a drum beats the Roy- 
alists run in doors and the Liberals run out. The former ima- 
gine that they are about to be guillotined, while the latter 



172 AlJ^NAXS OP THE 

know it is merely the signal for the assemblage of the National 
Guards.'* There was no ground for fear in either ; for there 
was no enemy. Still, precautions were adopted, and these 
kept on the alert as many of the people as had taken an active 
share in the struggle. It was wise to use the unextinguished 
feelings in the agreeable service of civic duties. They were 
employed during the day, and in the evening there were the 
recreations of the boulevards, and the theatres. The Marseil- 
lais Hymn was now resumed, and chanted with fervour in 
every street and almost in every house. It was the earliest 
and most popular air of the old Revolution, never to be for- 
gotten by men who sung it, or remembered that their fathers 
sang it, in the first days of freedom. 

The history of music records no production of the science 
so wonderful in eflect as the Marseillais Hymn. When the 
sword was drawn to cut down the pen— when the sovereigns 
of Europe combined their armies to conquer France, and the 
Duke of Brunswick issued a manifesto, threatening to march 
to Paris— and France without a military force, or a hand to 
help her, but confiding in the power of her will and the justice 
of her purpose to be free, indignantly defied the hostility of her 
insolent, invaders — the people sang the Marseillais Hymn, and, 
shouting " Death or Liberty," dealt death to the legions of 
despotism,^nd won liberty for France. Early in that awful 
struggle the population of Paris had yielded so largely and 
frequently to the armies on the frontiers, that the city was 
emptied of almost every citizen that could bear arms. Fresh 
levies were imperative, and attempted in vain, until on one 
particular evening the Marseillais Hymn was sung at every 
theatre in Paris. All the vocal performers at each house ap- 
peared on the stage, and by voice and gesture, and scenic 
accompaniment and reference to the victories already achieved, 
the feelings of the audiences were transported. They sung 
with the performers, encored, sung again, and w^ien they left 
the theatre they still sung. On their way home the different 
audiences met and joined in the national song. The effect 
was electrical. By daybreak the next morning 40,000 of the 
people marched out of Paris, singing the Marseillais Hymn, 
to join the armies of their country. 

The air derives its name from its having been the march 
played by the band of the Marseillais Deputies on their en- 
trance into the Champ de Mars, at the Grand Confederation 
of the French people, in 1790. It was the cradle-hymn of 
new-born liberty. The words were written by M. Rouget 



KETVOHrriON IN FRANCE, 1830. HS 

Delisle. For five-and-thirty years the singing of the Marseil- 
Jais hymn was prohibited by the ruHng factions in France, 
while it was equally honoured by the detestation and oppro- 
bium of tyranny abroad. In the mean time its author lived in 
obscurity, and survived to witness the present Revolution, and 
to be sought and honoured for his wonder-working words. 
The Duke of Orleans, on becoming Lieutenant-General of 
the kingdom, granted a pension of 1500 francs from his pri- 
vate purse to M. Delisle. It was announced by a kind letter 
from the Duke with this passage — ''The Hymn of the Mar- 
seillais has revived in the heart of the Duke d'Orleans recol- 
lections that are dear to him. He has not forgotten that the 
author of that patriotic hymn was formerly his companion in 
arms." 

THE MARSEILLAIS HYMN. 

Allons, enfans de la patrie, 
Le jour de gloire est arrive ; 
Centre nous, de la tyrannic 
L'etendart sanglant est eleve — 
L'etendart sanglant est eleve. 
Entendez-vous, dans les campagnes. 
Rugir ces feroces soldats ; 
lis viennent jusques dans vos bras^ 
Eo-orger vos fils, vos compagnes. 

Aux armes, Citoyens, 

Formez vos battaillons ; 

Marchez, marchez, 

Q'un sang impur 

Abreuve nos sillonSe 

'Que veut cet horde d'esclaves, 
De traitres, de Rois conjures? 
Pour qui ces ignobles entraves, 
Ces fers des long temps prepares ? 
Ces fers des long temps prepares ? 
Fr an^ais, pour nous, ah ! quel outrage 
Quels transports il doit exciter I 
Cest nous qu'on ose mediter 
De render a Pantique esclavage, 
Aux armes, &C, 

Quoi ! des cohortes etrangeres, 
Feroient la loi dans nos foyers ; 
Quoi ] ces phalanges mercenaires, 
Terrasseroient nos fiers guerriers ! 
Terrasseroient nos fiers guerriers j 



Q 



174 ANNALS OF THE 

Grand D5eu I pars des mains enchainees, 
Nos fronts sou le joug se ploieroient ; 
Des vils devotes deviendroient, 
Les maitres de nos destinees. 
Aux armes, &c. 

Tremblez, tyrans ! et vous perfides, 
L'opprobe de tons les parties — 
Tremblez, — vos projet parricides, 
Vont, enfin, receivoir leur prix. 
Vont, enfin, receivoir leur prix. 
Tout est soldat pour vos combattre, 
S'ils tombent nos jeunes heros, 
La France en produit de nouveaux, 
Contre vous tous prets a se battr^. 
Aux armes, &:c. 

Fran§ais en guerriers magnanimes, 
Portez ou retenez vos coupt ; 
Epargnez ces tristes victimes, 
A regret s'armant contre nous, 
A regret s'armant contre nous ; 
Mais, les despots sanguinaire, 
Mais, les complices de Bouille 
Tous ces tigres, qui sans pitie, 
Dechirent le rien de leur mere. 
Aux armes, &;c. 

Amour sacre de la patrie, 
Conduit, soutiens nos bras vengeurs ; 
Liberte, Liberte ! cherie, 
Combats avec tes defenseurs. 
Combats avec tes defenseurs. 
Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire 
Accoure a tes males accents : 
Que les ennerais expirants, 
Voient ton triomph et ta gloire. 
Aux armes, &;c. 

This evening the Opera House was opened with " La Mu- 
etto di Portici," an opera full of sentiments applicable to the 
battles and other events of last week ; they were applauded 
with tremendous energy. In a rebellion scene there was a 
simultaneous demand throughout the house for the Marseillais 
Hymn. It was sung by the entire strength of the company, 
the audience enthusiastically joining and vociferating the 
chorus. The opera terminated by M, Norrit singing, in the 
uniform of the National Guard, Casimir Delavigne's song, *^ La 
Marche Parisienne," It was received with shouts of delight. 
Norrit himself had valiantly fought with his fellow-citizens, 
and at the end of the song the audience forced upoft him a 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 175 

crown of laurel : he modestly placed it upon the tri-coloured 
standard — the noble sentiment which inspired the act raised 
the rapture of the spectators to a height that defies description. 
There is no passable translation of the Marseillais Hymn. 
The following is a version of the popular patriotic effusion of 
M. Casimir Delavigne. 

THE PARISIENNE. 

Ye men of France ! the patriot brave ! 
See freedom spreads her arms again ; 
The daring tyrants call'd ye slaves ! 
Ye answered, we are martial men I 
And Paris, in her memory hoary, 
Woke in her ancient shout of glory. 

To the fight— to the fight, 

In their guns' despite, 

And the clashing sword, and the flashing light, 

To the victory of right ! 

Now close your ranks, heroic men I 

On — on ! each cartridge that ye spread 

Is incense of a citizen 

Upon his country's altar-head. 

O day, 'bove other days of story, 

When Paris heard her shout of glory ! 
To the fight, kc. 

The grape-shot's murderous harvesting 
But wakens many an unknown name ; 
And 'neath the balls — youth's early spring 
^ Kipens to autumn's steady fame. 
O day of bright and splendid story, 
When Paris heard her shout of glory ! 
To the fight, &c. m 



Who, yonder marshalPd masses through, 
Conducts -our flag with life-blood wet? 

The saviour of two worlds — the true. 
The hoary-headed Lafayette. 

O day of fame, of hallowed story, 

When Paris heard her shout of glory ! 
To the fight, kc. 

The glorious tints have hither march'd — 
Again the blazing columns rise ; 

And 'midst the clouds sees over-arch'd 
Freedom's bright rainbow in the skies. 

O day of fame — O pride of story, 

When Paris heard the shout of glory I 
To the fight, &:c. « 



ITS'^ ANNALS OF THE 

Thou, soldier of the tri-colour I 

Orleans ! — thy heart's blood thou would'st s^ill 
With ours for banners borne before, ^ 

Which thou art proud to honour still. 
As in our brightest days of story, 
Thou wilt repeat the cry of glory. 
To the fight, fee. 

But, hark ! the deep funereal drum I 

They bear our brethren to their tomb I 
And bearing laurel-crowns we come 
To shrine them in immortal bloom ! 
1 Temple of sorrow and of glory — 
Pantheon ! guard their sacred story ! 

We depose them here, 

And our brows we bare 
And we say live for ever — while we drop the tear — - 

Martyrs of victory I 

Morning Chronicle^ 



THURSDAY, AUGUST 5. 

The Chamber of Deputies to-day was ehieidy occupied m 
deciding on the late elections of Members for the Chamber^ 
and in formalities for the final election of its president. In 
the preliminaries for that office a circumstance of some note 
occurred. A deputation had waited on the Lieutenant-Ge- 
neral to present to him the list of candidates^and on its return 
reported to the Chamber that the Lieutenant-General had said 
— "I should have wished that the Chamber had made the nomi- 
siation directly itself, but we must submit to the law. Of this 
I shall always give the example. I hope that this will be the 
last time that this list will be presented to me." This answer 
excited strong marks of approbation in the Chamber. 

In the Chamber of Peers there were no proceedings of con-^ 
sequence. 

Prince Talleyrand was this morning among the number of 
persons received by the Duke of Orleans. 

The Bourse (Stock Exchange) opened to-day. 

Lord Cochrane sent to General Lafayette, for the relief of 
the wounded, 5000 francs from himself, and 5M0 from Lady 
Cochrane. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, J 830. 177 

Among the exiled French Conventionalists whom the new 
Revolution may probably allow to return to France are — 

Sieyes — Formerly a member of the Assemblee Constituante, 
of the Convention, and Directory; afterward a Senator 
during the empire. 

Merlin of Douay — Ex-Procurator General of the Court of 
Cassation, and author of the ** Repository of Jurisprudence." 

Berlier — formerly Councillor of State. 

Barrere — Formerly Member of the Committee of Public 
Safety. 

Mailles — Ex-counsellor of the Court of Cassation. 

Ingraud — Formerly Member of the Committee of General 
Safety. 

Thiebaudeau — Formerly Counsellor of State, and Prefect of 
Marseilles. 

Gaultier. 

Levasseur of La Sarthe — Author of the " Memoirs of the 
Convention." -^ 

Chazalle — Formerly Prefect of the Lower Pyrenees. 

Procholle — Formerly Sub-Prefect of Neufchatel. 



An incident of rather a ludicrous nature occurred at a 
church in the neighbourhood of Paris. A cure, not remarkable 
for his attainments in Latinity, in reading the morning service, 
was staggered when he came to the word regem, in the prayer 
for the King, and after the words Domme, sahmmfac^ abruptly 
introduced the words le gouvernment provisoire. 



FRIDAY, AUGUST 6. 

The proceedings of the Chamber of Deputies to-day'w^re 
very important. 

M. Labbey Pompierre, provisional president, opened the 
sitting by presenting an ordinance of the Lieutenant-General, 
appointing M. Cassimir Perrier President of the Chamber, in 
whose absence, from ill health, the chair was taken by M.Lafitte. 

The first vice president received from one of the secretaries 
an open paper, which he read as follows : — 

'' The Chamber of Deputies accuses of high treason the 
Ministers who signed the report to the King, and the ordinances, 
dated the 25th of July, 1830. 

" Etjsebe Salverte, 
Q2 " Deputy of th^ Seine/* 



17 a ANNALS OF T^M 

On the left and in the centre there were loud cheers. On 
the extreme right, a mournful silence was observed. 

M. Eusebe Salverte. — This proposition must be submitted to 
the bureaux, according to the usual form ; but as the Cham- 
ber, however important this matter may be, has still more im- 
portant business to settle, I do not wish to address the Chamber 
in explanation of my proposition, supposing it to need expla- 
nation, until the expiration of eight days. 

M. Berryer opened the important business of the day by 
saying — '-' A solemn compact-united the French people to their 
Monarch. This compact has been broken. The violators of 
the contract cannot, with any title, claim the execution of it. 
Charles X. and his son in vain pretend to transmit a power 
which they n6 longer possess. That power is washed away by 
the blood of many thousands of victims. The act of abdica- 
tion with which you are acquainted is a fresh perfidy. The ap- 
pearance of legality with which it is closed is a deception. It 
is a brand of discord which it is wished to throw among us. 
The real enemies of our country, and those who by flattery 
urged the last government on to its ruin, are stirring in all 
quarters ; they assume all colours, and proclaim all opinions. 
A desire of indefinite liberty possesses some generous indivi- 
duals, and the enemies to whom I speak hasten to encourage a 
sentiment which they are incapable of comprehending, and 
ultra-royalists appear in the guise of republican regicides. 
Some others affect to have for the child of the forgotten con- 
queror of Europe a hypocritical attachment, which would be 
converted into hate if there could be any question of making 
him chief of France. The unavoidable instability of the ex- 
isting means of governing encourage the promoters of discord. 
Let us hasten, then, to put an end to it. A supreme law, — 
that of necessity, — has placed arms in the hands of the people 
of Paris, for the purpose of opposing oppression. This law 
induced us to adopt for a provisionary chief, and as the only 
means of safety, a Prince who is the sincere friend of constitu- 
tional institutions. The same law would lead us to adopt, 
without delay, a definitive head of our government. But, 
whatever may be the confidence with which this chief inspires 
us, the rights which we are called upon to defend exact from 
us that we should fix the conditions on which he shall obtain 
power. Shamefully deceived as we have been repeatedly, it is 
allowable in us to stipulate severe guarantees. Our institu- 
tions are incompatible,- — vicious even in many respects. It is 
fitting that we extend and ameliorate them. The prince who 



HEV LUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 119 

is at our head is already aware of our just wants. The princi- 
ples of many fundamental laws have been proposed by the 
Chamber and recognised by him. Other principles, other 
laws, are not less indispensable, and will likewise be obtained. 
We are elected by the peoi)le. They have confided to us^the 
defence of their interests and the expression of their wants* 
Their first wants, their dearest interests, are liberty and repose. 
They have conquered their liberty ; it is for us to secure their 
repose ; and we cannot do so except by giving them a stable 
and just government. It is vainly pretended that by agitating 
these questions we overstep our rights. 1 would get rid of 
that objection, if it were necessary, by referring to the law 
which 1 have already invoked— that of imperious, invincible 
necessity. In this state of things, taking^into consideration 
the grave and pressing situation in which the country is placed, 
the indispensable necessity which it experiences of changing 
its precarious positions, and the universal wish expressed by 
France to obtain the completion of,her institutions, I have th© 
honour to propose the foliovying 

Resolutions, 



a i • 



• The qhamber of deputies, taking into consideration^ 
with a view to the public interests, the imperious necessity 
which results from the events of the 26th, 27th, 28th, and 
29th of July last, and the following days, and the general situa- 
of France, declare, 1st., that the throne is vacant, and that it 
is indispensably necessary to provide for that circumstance. 

. "'The Chamber of Deputies declares, 2dly, that, accord- 
ing to the wish and for the interest of the people of France^ 
the preamble and following articles of the constitutional Char- 
ter should be suppressed or modified in the manner here 

pointed out.' " 

M. Berryer then detailed the proposed suppressions or mo- 
difications. Among the provisions were — the suppressions of 
the article on the religion of the state — that the King is the 
supreme chief of the state, he commands the forces by land 
and sea, declares war, makes treaties of peace, of alliance, and 
commerce, nominates to all the employments in the public ad- 
ministration, and frames the regulations and ordinances neces- 
sary for the execution of the laws, and for the safety of the 
state, all under the responsibility of his ministers — laws of 
impost to originate in the Chamber of Deputies — peers to sit 
in their chamber and vote at twenty-five years of age — princes 



180 ANNALS OF THE 

of the blood peers by right of birth— sittings of the Chambers 
of Peers to be public — deputies to be elected for five years — 
deputies and electors to be twenty-five years of age— the Presi- 
dent of the Chamber of Deputies to be elected by the Cham- 
ber, and continue in office while the Chamber lasts — no com- 
mission or extraordinary tribunals to be created under any de- 
nomination whatsoever — ^'' the King and his successors shall 
swear, at their accession (instead of in the solemnity of their' 
coronation) faithfully to observe the present Constitutional 
Charter : the present Charter, and all the rights which it con- 
secrates, will remain confided to the patriotism and courage of 
the National Guards, and all citizens." 

M. Berryer — " The Chamber of Deputies declares, 3dly, 
that it is necessary to provide successively, by separate laws, 
and with the shortest delay possible, — 

'^ 1. For the extension of the trial by jury to correctionnel 
offences, and particularly to those of the press ; 

'' 2. For the responsibility of Ministers and the secondary 
agents of power ; 

'^ 3. For the re-elections of deputies raised to public offices ; 

^* 4. For the annual vote for the contingency of the army ; 

"5. For the organization of the National Guard, v/ith the 
intervention of the National Guards in the choice of their 
officers ; _ 

^' 6. For a military code, establishing in a legal manner the 
condition of officers of all ranks ; 

^^7. For the departmental and municipal administration, 
with the intervention of citizens in their formation ; 

'' 8. For public instruction and the liberty of teaching ; 

^' 9. For the abolition of the double]vote, and for the establish- 
ment of electoral conditions, and eligibility. 

'' And, besides, that all the nominations and new creations 
of peers made during the reign of Charles X. be declared 
null and. void." (Very w^arm marks of approbation on the left 
and the centre left.) 

'^ In consideration of these conditions being accepted, the 
Chamber of Deputies finally declares that the universal and 
pressing interest of the French people calls to the throne bis 
Royal Highness Philip of Orleans, Duke of Orleans, Lieute- 
nant-General of the Kingdom, and his descendants in perpe- 
tuity, from male to male, in the order of primogeniture, to the 
perpetual exclusion of females and their descendants. 

*^ In consequence, his Royal Highness Louis Philip of Or- 
leans, Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, shall be invited to 



KEYOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 1P1 

accept and swear to the clauses and engagements above an- 
nounced, to the observance of the Charter, and the modifica- 
tions stated ; and, after having done so, take the title of King 
of the French,^'' (Loud cheers.) 

M. Ayde de Neuville. — Will the Chamber hear these pro- 
positions discussed immediately ? 

A voice on the right. — They completely overthrow the 
Charter. 

The Vice President. — At present nothing can be done but 
to send these propositions to the bureaux. 

M. Aug. Perrier was of opinion that the propositions 
should be maturely considered. The committee appointed to 
draw up the address would necessarily have to discuss a por- 
tion of the fimdamental questions. It was unnecessary to da 
any thing with precipitation. They could not forget the cele- 
brated revolution of 1688, which gave to the Enghsh the same 
benefit which the French nation was about to enjoy. The Eng- 
lish parliament at that period, without forgetting the situation 
in which it was placed, without snflTering itself to be led away 
by honourable desires or laudable intentions, adopted the wisest 
measures. He believed that, notwithstanding the prejudices 
and the fears which he was astonished to see occasionally ex- 
pressed in the public journals, the Chamber would not be 
wanting, either to itself or to the people, and that, profiting by 
victory without abusing it, it would answer the just expecta- 
tions of the one party withoutjustifying the apprehensions of 
the other. He proposed thafuie project just read should be 
sent to the bureaux, and afterward submitted to the committee 
for framing the address. 

M. Eusebe Salverte thought that a special committee 
should be appointed. 

Mc Hyde de Neuville said, he abstained from speaking now, 
because these important questions would be maturely exam- 
ined in the bureaux. He therefore hoped that no one would 
condemn him for his silence. 

M. Mathieu Dumas, as a member of the address committee, 
stated that the members of the committee had no idea that 
they were to be charged with the consideration of such im- 
portant propositions as those just submitted to the Chamber. 
It was not the object of their appointment. He therefore 
thought that a special committee should be appointed to con- 
sider such important and salutary propositions. 

M. Etienne wished a new committee to be appointed 
instantly. 



182 ANNALS OF THE 

M. Villemain. — The proceedings of this Chamber cannot 
be in vain. You have appointed an address committee : 
that committee is not charged with effecting merely a sort 
of ceremonial. In a certain respect its functions are elevated 
with the immensity of the circumstances in which we are 
placed. I think, then, that it was called upon by its first nomi- 
nation to discuss beforehand some of the questions included 
in the propositions submitted to the Chamber. If the com- 
mittee restricted itself to discussing only the questions which 
were presented to us in the speech delivered in this place a few 
days ago, what would result from it ? An incomplete labour, 
worthy neither of the Chamber nor of the committee. The 
hon. deputy then expressed a wish that a special committee for 
the consideration of the propositions should be united with the 
address committee. (** To the vote.") 

M. Demarcay said it was proposed to preserve the Charter 
with the modifications mentioned — (" Yesy yes^^) ; but it 
would be necessary to make much more important modifications 
still. The Charter contained dispositions which were adverse 
to the French people, to their opinions, to their interests. 
That consideration induced him strongly to oppose the propo- 
sition which had been submitted. [Violent murmurs.) 

Many voices — "Allow the spirit of the Charter to re- 
main." 

M. Demarcay. — I consent that conditions should be offered, 
and that upon acceding to those conditions the Lieutenant- 
General should be proclaimed King of the French ; but I can 
never see retained in the Charter dispositions which are adverse 
to the national wish and the interest of the country. 

Several voices — "That is not the question." 

After some farther discussion, the proposition of appointing 
a special committee, to examine the articles presented by M. 
Berryer, was carried by a great majority, composed of the left 
and centre left, and a part of the centre right. The remainder 
of the centre right and the extreme right did not vote one way 
or the other. 

The proposal for joining the two committees was carried by 
a majority rather less numerous, fifteen or twenty of the 
extreme left having voted against it. 

The deputies then retired into the bureatix, and when they 
returned, the Vice-President stated that the following members 
had been nominated to the special committee : — M. Berfyer, 
M. Perrier (Augustin), M. Ilumann, M. Benjamin Delessert, 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 183 

M. Count de Sade, M. Count de Sebastiani, M. Bertin de 
Veaux, M. Count de Bondy, and M. de Tracy. 

On the motion of M. Keratry, the^ Chamber adjourned to 
eight o'clock in the evening. 

At tbe sitting in the evening, an%ssemblage of young men 
\vent to the court, before the Chamber of Deputies, in order, 
as they declared, to protest against the acknowledgment of aa - 
hereditary peerage. They formed a double line, and, when a 
deputy passed, saluted him with cries of '* Down with the here- 
ditary peerage !" At the same time the whole group took off 
their hats, and mingled with their cries, '* Long live the De- 
puties !" " Honour to the Deputies !" The disorder increased, 
and many orators appeared. Several groups were formed 

xWithin the Chamber, in the space in front of the tribune. 

^^ M. Aug. Perrier entered, evidently agitated. He repeatedly 
said to one of the groups, " You announced this yesterday, and 
it is realized to-day. Let us propose the adjournment of every 
deliberation until the mob disperse, and the tumult be ap- 
peased." M. Benjamin Constant went to the outer door and 
addressed the people. He said, " We . defended your rights, 
and we v^ere in a minority. It is not necessary that now the 
minority should oppress the only authority, although provisional, 
which remains in existence." 

M. Lafitte, the vice-president, took the chair. General La- 
fayette conversed with him, and afterward went out upon the 
steps and addressed the people. After bearing testimony to 
their noble conduct, he said, " I am entitled to your attention, 
because the opinions that have induced you to come here are 
my own. I know how to support them, while I fear you may 
fall into errors. Permit me, in addition to so many motives, 
to require you to consider my personal feelings. I have en- 
gaged my honour that no disturbance shall interrupt the pro- 
ceedings of the Chamber. If the Deputies should be inter- 
rupted, and any painful scenes pass at the doors, I shall be as 
it were responsible. It is with me a point of honour, and I 
place my honour under the protection of your friendship," This 
had the desired effect, and the group dispersed, singing the 
Marseillais hymn. 

The Vice-President informed the Chamber that the two 
Committees had examined M. Berryer's proposition, and 
would report upon it at nine o'clock. In the mean time he 
begged to inform them that M. Guizot, the Provisional Minister 
for the Interior, had, by order of the Lieutenant-Genera], sent 



184 ANNALS OF THE 

him a copy of the abdication of Charles X., and the Dauphin, 
which he desired to be communicated to the Chamber. — (A 
great number of voices—" We do not want it : it is an act of 
no consequence.") 

After some discussion respecting the act of abdication of 
Charles X.,it was resolved to deposite it in the archives of the 
Chamber, contrary to the opinion of some Members, who 
would have passed to the order of the day, considering that 
act as in itself a nullity. 

On the motion of M. Bavoux, it was resolved that the thanks 
of the Chamber should be given to the city of Paris, and that 
the Lieutenant-General should be invited to provide for the 
erection of a monument, worthy to transmit to posterity the 
remembrance of the events which it will be destined to preserve. 
— " To the City of Paris, the grateful country.'' 

M. Dupin, Sen., Reporter of the Committee, said — " 1 
obey your Committee, and the just impatience of the Chamber, 
by presenting to you its report. I do not intend to add any 
thing to the excellent reason so ably developed by the au- 
thor of the proposal (namely, M. Berryer's proposal to revise 
the Charter). I shall speak to you only of the modifications 
made by the Committee on the proposal itself. The Com- 
mittee has unanimously recognized the vacancy of the throne ; 
but, at the same time that it recognises it as a fact, it has thought 
it its duty to declare it as a right emanating from the legitimate 
resistance of the people to the violation of its rights. For the 
fifteen years we have been the victims of violation, sometimes 
of the letter, and sometimes of the spirit of the Charter." 
After mentioning alterations proposed by the Committee res- 
pecting Religion, the Press, the Elections, the prohibition of 
extraordinary tribunals, and other points suggested by M. 
Berryer in his speech, M. Dupin conchided by saying — " The 
74th article has undergone an important modification ; it is in 
the presence of the Peers and the Deputies that the King at his 
accession will swear to observe the laws confided to the patri- 
otism of the National Guard. The article on the Chamber of 
Peers has drawn our attention. That Chamber, the protector 
of the laws, ceased to fulfil its duties on the creation of the 
seventy-six new Peers : it seems to us that the Chamber of 
Peers ought to annul those nominations. The last part of 
the proposal has for its object to found a new establishment in 
favour of a Noble Prince. This Prince is an honest man ; if 
he swears the observance of the Charter, it will be a truth. 
We act under the influence of a great necessity, and our deci- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 185 

sions will be bailed by tbe public gratitude. The Chamber of 
Deputies, taking into consideration the urgency of the occa- 
sion, and the events of the 2(3th, 27th, and 28th of July, de- 
clares that the preamble of the Charter is suppressed, and 
that the other articles may be modified as follows :"- — 

M. Dupin then read the proposal, as amended by the Com- 
mittee. 

After some farther debate it was resolved to adjourn the 
discussions till to-morrow. 



On the praposition for calling the Duke of Orleans to the 
throne, a French journal makes these judicious observa- 
tions — 

" It is said that the Chamber of Deputies are to offer lo the 
Lieutenant-General the Crown of France, with the conditions 
on which the country consents to nominate him their head. This 
seems to us high and firm policy. Some persons dispute the 
power of the Chamber. However, it is undoubted that this 
Chamber, legally elected, represents the real opinion of the 
electors ; and it is for the indirect i]e^enee of this principle 
that we have struggled. We say to the dissentients, '' In the 
danger of firing and balls did you see any leaders legally cho- 
sen ? Did not each receive his mandate from his courage ? 
Did he not act the best who defended the cause with the greatest 
ardour and talent ?" 

'' We have another danger at this moment. The friends of 
the republic, men of pure and generous feeling, publicly call 
upon their followers ; the partisans of a sinking power may 
find recruits. One only mode, prompt, expeditious, of cut- 
ting short the wild measures of the one and the intrigues of the 
other is to choose a chief, and that him whom France demands. 
Let our deputies propose the conditions ; let him sign them, 
and let him be king ; legitimate power is that which com- 
prises the state of the public mind, the urgencies of the 
epoch, and will devote itself to satisfy them. The French 
people have shown their greatness, and are too just to 
reproach any authority for having usurped the right of saving 
the state." 



R 



186 ANNALS OF THE 



SATURDAY, AUGUST 7. 

To-day the sitting of t^ Chambers of Deputies was still 
more important than the sitting of yesterday. 

At eleven o'clock the President took the chair. 

The Chamber of Peers, by a message, informed the Cham- 
ber of Deputies that it was regularly formed by the elections of 
its Officers. 

The order of the day was the debate upon the articles pro- 
posed yesterday. 

M. de Conny. — In the terrible circumstances in which we 
are placed, freedom of debate is more than ever a sacred law. 
I came forward at the voice of my conscience ; silence would 
be cowardice. Social order is shaken to its foundations. These 
tumultuous commotions, which suddenly suspend the action of 
the legitimate powers instituted to establish order in society, 
are epochs of calamity which exercise upon the destiny of na- 
tions the most fatal influence. Inexorable history, rising above 
contemporary passions, will impress upon these lamentable 
days the character which belongs to them, and the cry of hu- 
man conscience is raised to consecrate this eternal truth — 
force constitutes no right. In these times of trouble, liberty is 
invoked ; but the expression of thought has ceased to be free. 
Liberty is stifled by the sanguinary cries which carry alarm in 
every direction. You will not suffer yourselves to be subju- 
gated by the cries which resound around you. Statesmen, re- 
main calm in the midst of perils, and when confused voices call 
to France the son of Napoleon, invoke the republic, and pro- 
claim the Duke of Orleans, unshaken in your duties, you will 
remember your oaths, and acknowledge the sacred rights of 
the royal infant, which, after so many misfortunes, Providence 
has given to France. Think of the judgment of posterity — it 
would be terrible. You would not wish that history should say 
you were faithless to your oaths. The eyes of Europe are 
upon us. We have too long exhibited to her a spectacle of 
strange instability ; too long have we changed sides, as often 
as victory changed colours. Brought back to truth by misfor- 
tune, let us remain calm in the midst of so many turbulent pas- 
sions, and let us bestow our respect and tears upon great and 
royal misfortunes. By remaining faithful to our duties, I wish 
to spare our country all the calamities and crimes consequent 
UT^'^n usurpations. Viewing with an anxious mind the destiny 
^ perceive, gentlemen, the twofold scourge of civil 



REVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 187 

and foreign war threatening our noble country; I perceive 
liberty disappearing for ever ; I perceive French blood flowing, 
and this blood would recoil upon our heads. The consider- 
ation of the principle of legitimacy, of this principle established 
by the Charter, can alone preserve our country from this fear- 
ful destiny. All France is bound by oaths ; the army, ever 
faithful, will bend their arms before the young king ; 1 call to 
witness our national honour. Let us not exhibit to the world 
the scandal of perjury. In the presence of the sacred rights of 
the Due de Bourdeaux, the act which should raise the Duke of 
Orleans to the throne would be a violation of all human laws. 
As a deputy, remembering my oaths before God, who will 
judge us, I have declared the whole truth. I should have for- 
feited the esteem of my adversaries, if, in the perils which sur- 
round us, I had remained silent. I declare the sentiments which 
animate me in the face of heaven ; I would express them at the 
cannon's mouth. If the principle of legitimacy be not recog- 
nised by the Charter, I must declare that I have no right to par- 
ticipate in the deliberations which are submitted to you. 

M. Benjamin Constant said that, though there was still some 
agitation among the people, it was not sufficient to excite any 
alarm. Proceeding to thejquestion, he said, we want a prince, 
of a different character from him whose acts hav^ been so de- 
plorable and afflicting. I will not anticipate the discus^on, 
but I cannot refrain from saying, that we want a citizen prince 
who has fought in our ranks and worn our colours. Legiti- 
macy, in its ordinary acceptation, can no longer be invoked ; 
there is, in truth, no legitimacy but that which is derived from 
the people and the laws. All Europe knows that we are re- 
solved to be free. We have no hostility against any nation. 
Proof of this will be found in the moderation we have displayed 
after the victory. I abhor and abjure legitimacy, wljich has 
dyed our streets with the blood of our citizens. 

M. Hyde de Neuville. — I judge nobody. In politics, as in 
religion, all consciences are not subject to the same influences. 
Men seeking what is good may follow different directions. 
Each of us follows his conscience : mine is my only guide. If 
you do not partake of my sentiments, you will not refuse me 
your esteem. I have done every thing which a Frenchman 
could do to prevent the calamities which we have experienced. 
{Assent.) I have been faithful to my oaths ; I have not be- 
trayed that family which false friends have precipitated into an 
abyss. {Cheers). I should contradict my life and dishonour 
myself by changing my sentiments were I to assent to the pro- 



188 ANNALS OF THE 

positions. With my hand upon my heart I cannot but reject 
the dangerous sovereignty which the committee purposes to es- 
tablish. The measure which you are going to take is very se- 
rious, and ought to have been subjected to longer examination. 
It seems to me that it would be dangerous to rest the future 
lestinies of a great people on the impressions of a moment. 
I have not received from heaven the power to arrest the thun- 
derbolt. To the acts which are proposed to be consummated I 
can but oppose my wishes. I shall put up very sincere prayers 
for the repose and liberty of my country* 

M. Alex, de Laborde. — Do you know, gentlemen, what 
would be the consequence of recognising the legitimacy of the 
Duke of Bordeaux ? It would be to subject the virtuous prince 
whom we wish to place upon the throne, as well as his family, 
to bow his head before that child whose presence would remind 
us only of crimes and misfortunes. If you desire to attach your- 
selves to an historical legitimacy, the prince, whom we are 
anxious to seat upon the throne, descends more directly than 
the fallen king from the monarch whose memory the people 
cherish. 

M. Lezardiere.— As deputy I have sworn fidelity to the king 
and to the constitutional Charter ; and, having consulted my con- 
science, I feel myself bound, together with every true French- 
man, to pay a tribute of gratitude to the prince who- has con- 
curred in maintaining tranquillity. I cannot go farther, and 
change the order of succession ; for I foresee heavy clouds of 
misfortune hanging over France if the Chamber changes this 
order. 

M. Eusebe Salverte, — I am sensible of the full extent of the 
duties imposed upon me this day. They have been augmented 
by existing circumstances, and I do not hesitate to incur all the 
responsibility that may fall upon me from the votes T give. The 
hon. deputy then came to the matter in question, which he 
illustrated by referring to the course pursued by England in 
1688. 

M. Pas de Beaulieu.— The sacred law of my country teaclres 
me that the Duke of Orleans is capable, beyond all others, of 
restoring peace and happiness to France ; but I have not been 
commissioned by my constituents to pronounce upon this ques- 
tion. I therefore refrain. 

M. Anisson du Pevron. — The arrondissement I represent 
is desirous of a monarchy purely constitutional. The gift is 
indeed valuable, but our now king will make us a more valu- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 189 

able return ; he will present to us peace and liberty, which are 
not less difficult to preserve than to gain. 

M. Arthur; de la Bourdonnaie. — More than any other I 
mourn the broken social compact, but this is not a reason that, 
its fragments should be trampled under our feet. If it is to be 
reformed or modified, it can only be done by the three powers 
united. (Interruption.) If the discussion is to be conducted 
in this manner, the Chamber will not be astonished at our 
silence, and remaining immoveable upon our seats. (Several 
voices — Be it as you please.) 

M. Letou. — I have been, gentlemen, as well as yourselves, 
attached to the dynasty ; but I was fvir from imagining that in- 
famous ministers were silently plotting the ruin of our liberties, 
and preparing against us lists of proscriptions. We have ar- 
rived at the point, where we at this moment find ourselves, 
through seas of blood, which have overwhelmed legitimacy. 

M. Berryer. — I am as sincerely attached as any man can be 
to our public liberties. I am as fully inspired with the love of 
my coujitry. I equally feel the want of repose and security for 
all. I think, nevertheless, that the proposition, as settled by the 
report, should be divided. I admit that modifications are ne- 
cessary, but as to the exercise of supreme powers, I have re- 
ferred to my conscience, and I cannot believe T am warranted 
i» voting that the throne is vacant both in fact and law, and 
in usurping the right of electing a new King for France. I, 
therefore, feel it my duty to abstain. 

M. Villemain.— Montesquieu has said, *- During a frightful 
calm all combine against the power that violates the laws." 
With us, it was not a frightful calm that followed the irrevoca- 
ble deed which hurled the King from his throne. Public au- 
thority was broken to pieces by the thunders of the people's 
wrath. The necessity of restoring public order calls to 
the throne the Prince Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom. 
Let a public act proclaim our independence, and stipulating 
guarantees for the stability of order, and protecting it against 
all vengeance or reaction, be at once prepared. It is thus 
that the throne may be nobly and securely offered to the Duke 
of Orleans. 

The President then read the first paragraph of the Report. 

M. Podemos proposed the following amendment :~*'^The 
throne is vacant in consequence of the violation of the Charter 
and the laws." He drew a striking picture of the events 
which led to the fall of the ex-King, who, he said, was the 

R2 



190 ANNALS OF TIIIE 

worthy heir of Charles the IXth's ferocity, and had not tlie 
courage to show himself in the hour of danger. 

M. de Martignac. — 1 feel compelled to raise, in behalf of a 
family plunged in misfortune, a voice which forbade it to go 
to the height of its power. I could not hear, without deep 
sorrow, the words that fell from the last speaker. Ah 1 gen- 
tlemen, I, who knew this prince intimately, cannot hear him 
accused of ferocity without indignation. (Cheers from the 
right.) No, gentlemen, this man was not ferocious — he was 
deceived. (Ah! ah!) It was not his heart which dictated 
the infamous ordinances. They were the work of those per- 
fidious counsellors whom I abandon to you. Let not your in- 
dignation be raised against him. Ahl believe me, gentlemen, 
believe me, who have lived in close intercourse with him, 
that the love of his country animated his heart. (Miirmurs 
from the extreme left.) lam not astonished at the truly heroic 
resistance which has been provoked by these infamous ordi- 
nances ; for I do not hesitate to call them so : but I ask again, 
after power is humbled, why utter words which will give addi- 
tional pangs to a heart already crushed by misfortune ? I do 
not know, gentlemen, whether I have followed the rules of pru- 
dence and moderation~(Oh ! Oh!) — It was my heart that 
spoke. 

M. Bernard. — You have applauded what has been said by 
M. de Martignac ; in France, the defence of misfortune will 
always be heard with favour. But, on the other hand, we 
could not with indifference hear it stated that the heart of 
Charles glowed with the sacred fire of love for his country. 
The sceptre in his hand was the sign of proteciion ; and he 
broke it in pieces upon his people. ]\o ! he never cherished 
the love of his country. (Loud cheers.) 

M. Alexis de Noailles. — I support what M. Martignac has 
said, and will mention one fact. When it was proposed to 
revoke the ordinances which had been the cause of the car- 
nage, you all know, gentlemen, who replied, and took the 
results upon himself; it was not the sovereign—it was the 
Minister. — (Numerous voices — ^' Oh, oh ! what a subter- 
fuge !") 

The first paragraph of the report was adopted. It runs 
thus : — ^* The Chamber of Deputies, taking into consideration 
the imperious necessity which results from the events of July 
26, 27, 28, and 29, and regarding the situation in which 
France is placed at the end of the violation of the constitu- 
tional charter ; — ^^nsidering, besides, that in consequence of 



l?EVOLUriON IN FRANCE, 1830. 191 

this violation, and the heroic resistance of the citizens of Paris, 
his Majesty King Charles X., Louis Antoine his son, and all 
the members of the eldest branch of the Bourbons, are leaving 
the territory, — declare that the throne is vacant in fact and in 
law {en fait et en droit), and that it is indispensably necessary 
that it should be provided for." 

M. Persil proposed, by way of amendment, to declare that 
" The sovereignty belongs to the nation : it is inalienable and 
imprescriptable.*' 

The President observed that this provision was comprised 
in this paragraph : — " The Chamber of Deputies declares that, 
according to the wish and in the interest of the French people, 
the preamble of the constitutional charter is suppressed, as inju- 
rious to the national dignity, by appearing to grant to the 
French people rights which essentially belong to them." 

The article concerning the support of the ministers of the Ca- 
tholic religion was then discitssed. 

M. Viennet. — In the number of Frenchmen are included 
150,000 Israelites, citizens like ourselves; like us they render 
homage to the Sovereign, and defend their country and liberty ; 
it is an odious prejudice which excludes them. 1 therefore de- 
mand that ihe article be thus amended: — ^' The ministers of 
every form of worship,negally recognized, shall be supported 
by the public treasure." 

A warm conversation ensued. An amendment by M. Mar- 
schall was adopted, which renders the article as follows : — 
" The ministers of the Catholic Apostolic and Roman Reli- 
gion, professed by the majority of Frenchmen, together with 
those of other Christian doctrines, shall be supported at the 
public expense." 

The article relating to the press was voted unanimously, 
with the following amendment :— -" Frenchmen have the right 
of publishing and printing their opinions, in conformity to the 
laws. The censorship shall never be re-established." 

On the article regulating the royal prerogative, M. Jacquemi- 
not proposed the following addition, which was immediately 
adopted by acclamation : — ** Nevertheless, no foreign troops 
can ever b,e admitted into the service of the state without an 
express law." 

M. Devaux proposed an amendment to submit treaties of 
peace and declarations of war to the two Chambers. This was 
rejected. 

M, Jacqueminot proposed that from the article declaring that 
" the legislative power is collectively exercised by the King, 



192 ANNALS OF THE 

the Chamber of Peers, and the Chamber of Deputies of De- 
partments," the words " of Departments" be omitted, which 
amendment was carried. 

Other articles were discussed and agreed to. By an article 
of the commission — " No deputy can be admitted into the 
Chamber who is not of the age of thirty, and uniting qualifi- 
tiations required by the law." M. Villemain pressed to fix the 
age of eligibility at twenty-five, which amendment, after a brief 
discussion, was rejected ; as w^s also another, by M. de la 
Rochefoucauld, for loweriiigJJie qualification. 

Several succeeding articles were agreed to without discus- 
sion. 

The article of the commission, " That the King and his suc- 
cessors shall in future swear, in the presence of the assembled 
Chambers, to observe faithfully the present constitutional Char- 
ter," was carried without discussion. 

Another article of the commission—" The present Charter, 
and all the rights which it consecrates, remain confided to the 
patriotism and courage of the National Guard and all the citi- 
zens of France," was adopted with acclamation. 

Special provisions proposed by the commission remained to 
be considered next, viz. 

'< All the creations of peers during the reign of Charles X, 
are declared null and void. 

" And in order to prevent the recurrence of the abuses which 
have destroyed the principle of the estabhshment of the peer- 
age, the article (27 of the commission) which gives to the King 
an unlimited faculty of creating peers shall be submitted t6 a 
revision in the course of the session of 1831." 

M. Berard required that the right of provision should be full 
and unrestrained, so that not only the recurrence of the abuses 
complained of might be rendered impossible, but that the here- 
ditary principle might be submitted to examination. 

General Lafayette then mounted the tribune, and a profound 
silence prevailed. He said, " On ascending this tribune, at this 
solemn juncture, I do not yield to any momentary excitement. 
I will not seek here a popularity which I shall never prefer to my 
duties. (Cheers.) The republican sentiments which I have 
manifested in all times and under all powers are well known ; 
but these sentiments do not prevent me from being the defender 
of a constitutional throne, raised by the will of the nation. 
The same sentiments animate me under the present circum- 
stances, in which it is judged fitting to elevate to the constitu- 
tional throne the Prince Lieutenant-General ; and I am bound 



REVOLUTION IN FEANCI}, 1830. 19S 

to avow that the choice coincides with my own desires, the 
more in proportion as I know him more. (Cheers!) I do 
not share the opinion of many of my fellow-citizens with re- 
spect to hereditary Peerage. (Hear, hear.) I have always 
thought it was necessary that legislative bodies should be di- 
vided into two chambers differently constituted ; but I never 
thought it useful to create hereditary legislators, who are in 
certain cases judges. I have always thought that the intro- 
duction of aristocracy into a public institution was a bad ingre- 
dient. It is, therefore, with great pleasure that 1 find you 
engaged in a measure conformable to sentiments which I have 
all my life declared, and which I qan now only repeat. My 
conscience forces me to repeat this opinion, and it is with 
pleasure that I hope shortly to see the hereditary peerage sup- 
pressed. My fellow-citizens will do me the justice to acknow- 
ledge that, if I have always been the supporter of liberty, I 
have always been the supporter of public order. (Loud cheers.) 

M. Berry er. — Two questions occupy the Chamber at this 
moment — the proposition of M. Berard, and the'* amendment 
proposed against the hereditary peerage. With regard to the- 
amendment, I oppose the method already adopted by you. I 
demand the previous question. It is not the time to discuss 
the question of the peerage ; but we must not lose sight of 
M. Berard's proposition. As to the question of inheritance, it 
is not possible to pronounce the annulling of the acts done by 
virtue of the laws and the Constitutional Charter. 

M. Peton voted for the amendment, and urged the necessity 
of putting an end to the agitation which prevailed in Paris. 

M. A. Labourdonnaie. — You insult Paris. 

M. Peton. — I know Paris and its wishes better than you for 
these six years. I contend for legality, and you— if my ef- 
forts had been crowned with success, Charles X. would stilt 
be upon the throne. 

M. Sebastiani seconded the amendment. 

M. Berryer still opposed it, and contended that to the King 
alone belonged the right of creating or deposing peers. 

M. Bernard. — The gentleman who spoke last seems to have 
mistaken the atmosphere of the Chamber. Tke throne has 
been overthrown. Legitimacy no longer exists. As to he- 
reditary peerage, we are not sufliciently prepared for the dis- 
cussion. I propose to replace the article and the amendment 
by the following :■ — 

" Article 27 of the Charter (on the King's right to create 
peers) shall be the subject of a fresh examination in the session 
of 1831," 



194 ANNALS OF THE 

M. B. Constant seconded the amendment, and it was adopted. 

The first paragraph, nullifying the Peers of Charles X., was 
adopted. 

M. de Brigode propoied the following additional article: 
'* The Judges shall receive a new institution before January 
1st, 1831" (much agitation). 

M. Guetan de la Rochefoucald required that they should npt 
confound the appointments made during the ministry of M. 
Portalis, with those made by M. de Polignac, and moved the 
previous question. 

M. Benjamin Constant opposed the previous question ; and 
required that M. Brigode should be heard. 

The President read the following amendment proposed by M^ 
Manguin ;— '' The present Magistrates shall cease their func- 
tions in six months from the present time, if before that period 
they do not receive new appointments" [on the left supported]. 

M. de Brigode. — The irremoveabiiity of the Magistracy 
ought not to be separated from the hereditary right of the 
Crown— the former is a necessary result of the latter ; but, if 
there shall be a change in the race, there is a rupture of all 
legitimacies. It was in virtue of this principle that at the 
restoration (of Louis XYIII.) a new appointment of Judges 
took place. At present the circumstances are identical : and 
let it be remarked that there will be no inconvenience from the 
proposition we make ; for the present judges will continue to 
dispense justice till a decision is come to with respect to them ; 
but the character of irremoveabiiity cannot be given to them but 
by the new King of the French. 

M. Dupin (Senior). — When we are endeavouring to settle 
France, and desire to avoid every political shock, it would, in 
my opinion, be very imprudent to meddle with the institution 
of the magistracy — the only organized body that we possess 
at this moment. I do not deny that among them may be found 
some improper selections, and that often they have desired to 
connect themselves with party excesses by a melancholy exer- 
cise of power. I know, too, that every one of the Govern- 
ments which have succeeded each other in France has wished 
to make itself master of the judicial influence by its own ap- 
pointments ; but it is necessary that our conduct at present 
should be different from what it was at former periods on this 
point as on many others. Our object is to put an end to a 
troublesome agitation ; do not let us make it more troublesome. 
I could conceive that we should run the risk, if there was any 
urgent necessity for this measure; but let us make good ap- 
pointments in the law officers of the Crown ; let us suppress 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 195 

the juges-auditeurs ; let us fill up with discernment existing 
vacancies, and those which may arise, and we shall have suffi- 
cient guarantees, v/ith the immense advantage of giving to the 
present change the particular characteristic that it in no wise 
resembles a reaction. You may, moreover, reckon on the in- 
fluence of the atmosphere which surrounds the Magistracy ; 
and which has, in itself, I know not what sort of magic, that 
gives to them the inspiration of justice. Above all, remember, 
if there are some men so base as to do evil when they are 
commanded, they will be much more ready to do good when 
it is required of them. 

M. Eusebe Salverte proposed to submit to a new appoint- 
ment the Magistrates appointed during the reign of Charles X. 
Gentlemen, he said, since you have meddled with the Peerage, 
you can also change the Magistracy, and never was a wiser 
measure. We have seen the Courts condemn the public pa- 
pers for having calumniated^ the Ministers, in attributing to 
them the project of committing Coups d'Etat ; and you are 
sensible whether they could or not be calumniated, while the 
same Courts were acquitting or sentencing to trifling punish- 
ments the men who, every day, endeavoured to bring about a 
counter Revolution. You have been told that there are among 
the Judges honourable men — let them remain. You have 
been made to fear that you may stop the administration of jus- 
tice ; but remember that we have arrived nearly at the holydays, 
that never were the circumstances more favourable to effect a 
reform without causing a shock, 

M. Villemain. — If it were necessary to add any thing to 
what has been said by an eloquent representative of the judi- 
cial defence, I might observe that when the Magistrates know 
that they are only indebted for the continuance of their offices 
to an effort that we make against ourselves, and only for the 
sake of stability, the necessity of which we all feel, they will 
only be the more disposed to proceed with the present move- 
ment ; and the effect at which you wish to arrive will be pro- 
duced by the words which have been pronounced at the Tri- 
bune. In 1815 that was demanded which you now demand, 
and then some generous voices were raised against the mea- 
sure ; those voices which defended fallen royalty and liberty 
which will not fall. It is this irremoveability which is strength 
to the weak, and renders the selections that are objectionable 
excellent ; and it is the less contrary to the pi^esent order of 
things, inasmuch as the courts have nothing to do with politics. 
(Dissent.) At least, they ought not to have, and they will 



] 96 ^ ANNALS OF THE 

henceforward not have, beqau^e you are about to assign to a 
jury the power of judging the crimes of the Press. This irre- 
moveabihty has ah'eady produced good fruit. In the midst of 
many lamentable decisions, have you not known the Cottfs 
Royales^ when other authorities were silent, declare that to 
suppose in the Ministers the intention of being guilty of coups 
d'etat was to suppose in tlieni monstrous and criminal projects, 
and to designate them as capable of committing crimes. If 
the Judges had been provisional, do you suppose that they 
would have decided with so much vigour ? Above all, do not 
forget that in England it was irremoveable. Judges who dared 
to refuse illegal taxes to Cromw^ell as well as to Charles II. 
Do not proclaim, I beg of you, the abolition of the conservative 
principle. (Several voices, ^^ Never, Never.") 

M. Manguin. — Gentlemen, when you are engaged in such 
important business as that now before you, you ought not to 
decide by any considerations derived from sentiments, 

M. de Villemain (warmly). — These are not considerations 
derived from sentiments, but from justice. 

The President. — You ought not to interrupt. 

M. de Manguin.— -You are, gentlemen— do not forget it — 
you are the product of a Revolution, and you organize a Re- 
volution. Will you establish on the one hand, and leave on 
the other the germs of destruction ? The principle ought to 
be followed oiit in all its consequences. A fortnight ago you 
were under the empire of Legitimacy, and of Divine Right. 
Now you are acting in virtue of, and under the influence of 
the principle of National Sovereignty. When you place it on ' 
the summit, do not leave at the base the consequences of a 
hostile principle. (Lively sensation.) Do you think that 
those who have been appointed under the Empire of Divine 
Right, and the Congregation, will aid us in sustaining the prin* 
eiple of National Sovereignty ? When a Revolution has been 
effected in the highest parts, it ought to go through all the sub- 
ordinate ranks. (Murmurs in the centre. — M. Manguin re- 
peated the phrase without being affected, and in the midst of 
applause from the left side). What is this irremoveability ? It 
is the certainty of not being dismissed as long as the principle 
of Government lasts under which the appointment is made. 
Charles X. could only promise irremoveability as long as his 
race was on the throne. The irremoveability instituted by the 
Charter of Louis XVIIL could only last as long as that Char- 
ter. The irremoveability ceases since the Charter is overthrown. 
(Many voices: '^No, nol") In the name of God, gentle- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 197 

men, let us not dispute about words — compare — look at the 
changes, and say if the Charter of Louis XVIII. still exists. 
In 1814 every thing was renewed in the Magistracy. (Dis- 
sent.) The Judges were appointed for a fixed period, and 
they were refused the royal sanction before the expiration of 
that period. You are told to be aware of giving yourselves up 
to a movement of reaction ; but I ask, when the force ap- 
plied has been so violent, is not reaction a matter of right ? 
Are you ignorant what the courts have dared to undertake? 
Learn, then, gentlemen, that eight days ago, in consequence 
of an extraordinary decree of the Cour Royale at Caen, which 
declared the form of oath of 1815 obligatory — that is to say, 
declared the necessity of acknowledging Ordinances and regu- 
lations — that one of your colleagues, M. Mercier, President of 
the Tribunal de Commerce of xllengon, was obliged to appear 
before the Court of Correctional Police, because he would not 
adopt that form of oath. (Agitation.) You have been told 
with confidence of that atmosphere of justice which surrodndi 
the magistrates. He who told you of this has no doubt expe- 
rienced its effects ; but I must say that his situation is very 
different from mine, for I must say that, even in civil causes^ 
political opinions have exercised a considerable influence. 
(Sudden interruption.) 

M. Dupin signified dissent. A member near him cried out, 
with a loud voice, '* At Paris it is possible that it may not be so, 
but nothing is more true in the provinces." 

M. Madier de Montjau. — It is not only the irremovability of 
the Magistrates which is attacked, but the regulation of the 
Magistrates of France ; they are calumniated (murmurs) — 
they are unintentionally calumniated. (Murmurs redoubled.) 
M. Madier de Montjau, in the midst of interruptions and con- 
versation among the Deputies, terminated his discourse by 
strongly opposing the amendment. 

The amendment of M. Brigode was rejected by a majority 
composed of a small compact number who sat on the right, 
and of members in the two centres. It was supported by forty 
members on the left side. 

The amendment of M. Eusebe Salverte, to submit to new 
appointments the Magistrates appointed under Charles X., 
was rejected by the same majority. 

The Chamber of Deputies declared and resolved, thirdly, 
that it was necessary to provide successively by separate laws, 
and in the shortest method possible, for several very important 
objects. (These are set forth at the end of the Declara- 

S 



198 ANNALS OF THE 

tion of Rights presented by the Chamber to the Duke of Or- 
leans.) 

M. de Padenas proposed to apply the jury to political of- 
fences as well as the offences of the press. — Adopted. 

M. E. Salverte proposed that all laws and ordinances con- 
trary to the reformation of the Charter be null and void." — 
Adopted. 

The President read as follows : — '' Upon condition of ac- 
cepting these dispositions and propositions, the Chamber of De- 
puties declares that the universal and pressing interest of the 
French people calls to the throne His Royal Highness Louis 
Philippe d'Orleans, Due d'Orleans, Lieutenant>General of 
the Kingdom, and his d6>soendants in perpetuity, from male to 
male in the order of primogeniture, to the perpetual exclusion 
of the female branches and their descendants." 

The President proposed to vote by ballot on the whole pf 
the report, and that it should be presented to His Royal High- 
ness, not by a deputation, but their whole Chamber in a body. 

M. Etienne moved, and the Chamber decided, ^' That no 
address should, be carried up in answer to the speech of the 
Duke of Orleans, as the declaration they were about to present 
would be the best address that could be offered to him." 

M. Dupin, Sen., proposed, '^France resumes her colours. 
In future no other cockade shall be worn but the tri-coloured 
one."-— Adopted with acclamations. 

The Chamber then proceeded to the ballot upon the whole 
of the articles previously agreed to, and forming the Declara- 
tion. 

. The result of the scrutiny : — Number of voters, 2b2 ; white 
balls, 219 ; black balls, 33.— ^Majority, 186. 

M, Le President. — -The Chamber is now going immediately 
on foot to convey this message ; we shall be accompanied by 
the brave National Guard. To go in order, I beg the Deputies 
to walk four and four abreast. There v;ill be no sitting tOr 
morrow (Sunday). On Alonday, a^t noon, a public sitting. 

The Chamber of Peers had met at two o'clock, and, after 
routine business, adjourned till nine o'clock in the evening. 
There were then 114 Peers present, and the Chamber received 
a communication of the Declaration of Rights adoptied by the 
Chamber of Deputies. Several Peers briefly remarked upon it, 
and M. de Chateaubriand delivered a remarkable speech. 

M. de Chateaubriand. — " The declaration brought to this 
Chamber is much less complicated with respect to me than to 



HEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 199 

those who profess an opinion different from mine. One fact 
in the declaration predominates in my eyes over every other, 
or rather supersedes them. Were we under a regular order of 
things, I should doubtless carefully examine the changes pro- 
posed in the Charter. Many of these changes have been pro- 
posed by myself. I am, however, astonished that the reac- 
tionary measures respecting the Peers created by Charles X* 
should be proposed to this Chamber. 1 cannot be suspected of 
any liking for these hatches, and you know that I combated 
even the menace of them : but to render us the judges of our 
colleagues, — to erase from the list of Peers whom we please, 
whenever we happen to be the stronger party, — too much re- 
sembles a proscription. Is it wished to suppress the peerage ? 
So be it. Better lose life than beg for it. I re{)roach myself 
for these few words on a point which, important as it is, disap- 
pears amid the greatness of the event. France is without a 
guide, and I am called upon to consider what ought to be added 
to or taken from the masts of a vessel which has lost its helm. 
I lay aside, then, every thing which is of a secondary interest 
in the declaration of the elective chamber, and fixing on the 
single fact announced, the vacancy of the throne, 1 advance 
straight to the object. 

*' A previous question ought to be discussed : if the throne 
be vacant, we are free to choose the form of our government. 
Before offering the crown to any individaal, it is proper to as- 
certain into what kind of political order we should constitute 
the social order. Shall we establish a republic or a new 
monarchy ? 

" Does a republic or a new monarchy offer France sufficient 
guarantees for durability, strength, and tranquillity ? A republic 
would, in the first place, raise against it the recollections of the 
republic. These recollections are not effaced. The time is 
not yet forgotten when death walked between liberty and 
equality, supported by their arms. When you are plunged into 
a new anarchy, can you reanimate on his rock the Hercules 
who was alone capable of strangling the monster ? Of these 
lofty characters history contains some five or six : in another 
thousand years your posterity may see another Napoleon ; — you 
must not expect it. 

" In the existing state of our manners, and in our relations 
with surrounding states, a republic does not appear to me prac- 
ticable. The first difficulty is to bring Frenchmen to a unani- 
mous vote upon the subject. What right has the population 
of Paris to constrain the population of Marseilles, or of any 



200 ANNALS OF THE 

©ther place^ to adopt a republic ? Is there to be a single re^ 
public, or are we to have twenty or thirty republics ? Are 
they to be federative or independent? Suppose we have a 
single republic, do you imagine that a president, let him be 
ever so grave, respectable, or able, would be a year at the 
head of affairs without wishing to retire ? Ill-protected by the 
laws, insulted hourly by secret rivals and by factious agents, 
he would possess neither the dignity requisite to treat with fo- 
reign governments, nor the power necessary to the maintenance- 
of internal order. 

" J pass to a monarchy. A king named by the Chambers, 
or elected by the people, will always be a novelty. Suppose 
the object sought be liberty, — the liberty of the press ; every 
new monarchy will be forced, sooner or later, to gag this liberty. 
Could Napoleon himself admit it ? Offspring of our misfor- 
tunes, and the slave of our glory, the liberty of the press lives- 
in surety only under a g()vernment whose roots are deeply 
fixed. Will a monarchy which has been the bastard of a san- 
guinary night have nothing to dread from the independence of 
the opinions of the press ? If one can preach up a republic, 
and another some other system, do you not fear to be soon 
obliged to have recourse to laws of exception, in spite of the 
eight words expun^jed from the eighth article of the Charter ? 
Then, O friends of regulated liberty, what will you have gained 
by your proposed change ? You will sink of necessity into a 
republic, or into legal slavery. The monarchy will be over- 
whelmed and swept away by the torrent of democratical laws,, 
or the monarch by the operation of factions. 

" I exhibit to you only some of the inconveniences attending 
the formation of a republic or of a new monarchy. If either 
has its perils, there remains a third course. 

" There never was a more just and a more heroic existence 
than that of the people of Paris. They did not rise against tho; 
law, but in support of the law. So long as the social compact 
remained inviolate, the people were patient. But when a con- 
spiracy of fools and hypocrites was suddenly revealed, when the 
terror of the chateau, organized by eunuchs, was to replace the 
terror of the republic and the iron yoke of the empire, then the 
people exerted their understanding and their courage ; and it 
was found that these shopkeepers could breathe the smoke of 
gunpowder, and it required more than five soldiers and a cor- 
poral to remove them. A century could not so have matured 
the destinies of .a people, as the tbr^Q last su^s- wbi<?!j to^^ 
&hone upon France,, 



\ 



RtJVOLtJTIcm IN FKANCE, 1830. ^01 

" Chatles X. and his son are dethroned, or have abdicated, 
as you please ; but the throne is not vacant. After them comes 
a child. Is his innocence to be condemned ? What blood 
now cries out against him ? Will you dare to say it is that of 
his father ? This tender orphan, educated in the schools of his 
country — in the love of constitutional government, and in the 
ideas of the age — might have become a king in relation with 
the wants of futurity. It is to the guardian of his minority that 
the oath you are about to vote upon should be sworn. The 
present, the actual King, should be the Duke of Orleans, Re- 
gent of the Kingdom. 

'' It is through no sentimental devotion, or nursery affection 
transmitted from the cradle of St. Louis to that of the young 
Henry, that I plead this cause* I am no believer in the creed 
of the right divine of Royalty ; I believe in the power of revo- 
lutions and of facts. I do not even invoke the Charter ; I take 
my ideas from a higher source ; I draw them from the philo- 
sophical sphere — from the epoch when my life expires. I pro 
pose the Duke of Bourdeaux solely as a necessity for a better 
alloy than that on which we are arguing, 

'* I know that by removing this infant the object is to esta- 
blish the principle of the sovereignty of the people, that con- 
temptible nonsense of the old school, which proves that in re- 
spect to politics, our old democrats have not made more pro- 
gress than the veterans of royalty. No where is there absolute 
sovereignty ; liberty does not flow from political right, as was 
supposed in the 18th century ; it springs from natural right, 
and therefore exists under all forms of government : so that a 
monarcliy may be free, and much more free than a republic. 
But this is neither the time nor the place for a course of politics. 
" I shall content myself with observing that, when the peo- 
ple dispose of thrones,^ they also often dispose of their liberty. 
The principle of hereditary monarchy, absurd as it is at first 
sight, has been recognised in practice as preferable to the 
principle of elective monarchy. The reason is so palpable that 
1 need not explain it. You choose a king to-day. What will 
prevent you from choosing one to-morrow ? The law, you 
will say — the law! Ahl but you are the makers of the law I 
There is still a plainer way of putting the question. We will 
no longer have the elder branch of the Bourbons. But why? 
Because we are victorious : we have triumphed in a just and 
sacred causCy and we exercise a double right of conquest* 
Well, you proclaim the sovereignty of force. Then take good' 
eare of that force 5 for if it escape from you in a few monthsh 



you will have no right to complain. But, tlioiigH X Wei*e te* 
stir the dust of thirty-five Capets, I could not draw an argu- 
ment from it which would be listened to. The idolatry of a' 
name is abolished. The monarchy is no longer a religion ; 
but it is a political form preferable at this moment to every 
other, because it best introduces order into liberty. An unsuc- 
cessful Cassandra, I have sufficiently fatigued the throne and 
the peerage with my disdained advice. I can now only sit 
down on the ruins of a shipwreck which I have so often fore- 
told. I give to misfortune every sort of power except that of 
releasing me from my oaths of fidelity. I am bound also to 
make my life consistent. After all that I have done, said, and 
written for tiie Bourbons, I should be the basest of wretches if 
I renounced them at the very moment when they are for the 
third and last time going into exile. 

" Fear I leave to those generous Royalists who have never 
sacrificed a farthing or a place to their loyalty, — to those 
champions of the throne and the altar who lately called me 
renegade, apostate, and revolutionist. Pious libellers, the 
renegade appeals to you ! Cqme and join me, just to stammer 
out a word, a single word, for the unfortunate master who 
loaded you with favours, and whom you hnve undone. Insti- 
tutors of coups d'etat, preachers of the royal constituent power, 
where are you now? Your present silence is worthy of your 
past language. What ! those Preux Chevaliers whose medi- 
tated exploits have made the descendants of Henry IV. be 
driven away with pitchforks, now tremble crouching under the 
tri-coloured cockade ! This is quite natural. The noble co- 
lours with which they decorate themselves protect their per- 
sons, but do not conceal their infamy. 

''- In thus frankly expressing my apinion, I do not conceive 
that I am performing an act of heroism. Weliave nothing to 
fear from a people whose judgment and courage are equal, nor 
from the generous youth whom I admire, with whom 1 sympa- 
thize with all my soul, and to whom, as to my countFy, I wish 
honour, glory, and liberty. Had 1 the right to dispose of a 
crown, I would willingly lay it at the feet of the Duke of 
Orleans. But I see no vacancy, except that of a tomb at St. 
Denis, and not a throne. Whatever destiny may await the 
Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, 1 shall never be his enemy^ 
if he makes my country happy. I ask only to retain the liberty 
of my conscience, and the right of going to die wherever I 
may find independence and repose. I vot^ against the deck- 
ration." 



KEVoxtTTidN IN fhanoje, 183X). 203 

This speech of M. de Chateaubriand, especially his sarcastic 
invective, produced a great sensation. His chivalrous devotion 
to the justly excluded line was poetical — his logic amusing. 

The Chamber adopted all the articles of the Declaration of 
Rights, except that whi<ih declared the creations of Peers by 
Charles X. n-oll and void. This question the Chamber left to 
the decision of the Lieutenant-General. Upon the ballot 
there were eighty Peers, for the Declaration, and ten against 
it. A grand Deputation was appointed to carry it up to the 
Duke of Orleans, and at ten o'clock the Chamber went to the 
Palais Royal for that purpose. 



In the mean timethe Chamber of Deputies proceeded to the 
Palais Royal, attended by the National Guards. The Duke, 
surrounded by his family, received them. M. Lafitte having 
read to his Royal Highness the act of the Constitution, the 
Duke replied in the following terms :— 

" I receive with deep emotion the declaration you present 
tome; I regard it as the expression of the national will, 
which appears to me to be conformable to the political prin- 
ciples I have professed throughout my life. 

^* Filled with recollections which have always made me hope 
never to be called to ascend the throne, exempt from ambition, 
and habituated to the life of peace which I led with my family, 
I cannot conceal from you the sentiments which agitate my 
mind at this great conjuncture ; but there is one whioh entirely 
predominates over all the rest — the love of my country. I am 
fully impressed with the duties it prescribes to me, an-d I will 
perform them." 

His Royal Highness was deeply affected. Surrounded by 
his family, he embracefl M. Lafitte. Acclamations of «^ Vive 
le RoiT'' ^' Vive la ReinaT' '* Vive la Famille RoyaleP'' 
burst from every voice present, and were reiterated by thousands 
in the courts of the palace. The voice of the multitude called 
forth the Prince to the balcony, accompanied by M. La- 
fayette. They were both received with acclamations, which 
were redoubled when the Dutchess of Orleans presented her 
children to the people. M. Lafayette, struck by this unanimity 
of feeling, took the hand of the Duke of Orleans, sayings 
" We have done well ; you are the Prince we want ; this is the 
best of republics 1" After dinner, an innumerable crowd de- 
manded to see the Duke, and he made his appearance at the 
balcony, with his whole family. 

At foalf-past ten the Chamber of Peers arrived to presenl 



S04 ANNALS OF THif 

the Declaration which they had agreed to. Bai'on Pasquler^ 
the President, delivered the following address to the Duke of 
Orleans. 

" Mon seigneur, -—The Chamber of Peers are come to present 
to your Royal Highness the act which is to secure our future 
destiny. You formerly defended with arms our'new and inex- 
perienced liberties ; to-day you are about to consecrate them 
by institutions and laws. Your exalted understanding, your 
inclinations, the recollections of your whole life, promise that 
we shall find in you a citizen king. You will respect our 
guarantees, which are at the same time your own. This noble 
family we see around you, brought up in the love of their 
country, of justice, and of truth, will ensure to our children 
the peaceable enjoyment of that Charier you are about to 
swear to maintain, and the benefits of a government at once 
stable and free." 

To this address his Royal Highness replied as follows :— 

'^ Gentlemen,^ — By presenting to me this Declaration you 
have testified a confidence which deeply affects me. Attached 
from conviction to constitutional principles, 1 desire nothing so 
much as a good understanding between the two Chambers. I 
thank you for affording me ground to reckon upon it. You 
have imposed upon me a great task : I will endeavour to prove 
myself worthy of it." 

There is only one thing remarkable in the Duke's answer 
to the Baron's address ; it is a word — the first word— he-styled 
the peers " Gentlemen." 



Whatever was the difference of opinion as to the form of go* 
vernment to be established, at a moment when the nation was 
free to choose between a limited monarchy and a republic, it 
existed only among those classes whose opportunities of ap- 
preciating the fitness or applicability of either system to the 
situation of France had been limited by youth and inexperience 
on the one hand, or by a want of the necessary degree of po- 
litical knowledge and information on the other. 

The students, for instance, in the schools of law and medi- 
cine, of whom there are many thousands in Paris, were almost? 
all, more or less, deeply tinged with republican opinions. 
Yesterday and to-day the courts and passages connected with 
the Chamber of Deputies were crow^ded with these youthful 
publicists^ in their anxiety to witness, and, as some asserted, to 
overawe the important deliberations of the representative 
Chamber.. 



RETOLUTIOK IN FRANCE, 1830. 20S 

A scene of an interesting nature took place this morning at 
the Palais Royal, in consequence of their enthusiastic demon- 
strations in favour of what was thought to be essential to public 
liberty. It strikingly indicates the sentiments entertained by 
those of the French youth enjoying the greatest advantages in 
point of education, and throws light on the plain good sense 
of the Duke of Orleans. 

A number of these young men, most conspicuous for the 
warmth with which they had expressed their political senti- 
ments, were carried to the Palais Royal, and introduced to the 
Duke of Orleans by a gentleman, who, on presenting them^ 
informed his Royal Highness that he brought with him a i^ew 
of his young friends, who, he observed with a smile, were all 
zealous republicans. 

*^ That does not surprise me," replied the Duke : "at their 
age, I too was a republican. I was a Girondist, but never a 
Montagnard." 

" Cependant^ Monseigneur^^^ interposed one of the young 
men, with some hesitation. 

" The Montagnards have done a great deal of mischief, 
gentlemen," continued the Duke. 

" But," replied another of the party, " my father was ona 
of them." 

" And so was mine," rejoined the Prince. 

" We know very well," added the young man who had pre- 
viously spoken, '^ that at present a republic is out of the 
question ; but we wish at least to see our liberties secured by 
sufficient guarantees." 

"On that point," said the Duke, "we perfectly understand^ 
each other." 

On this the young republicans withdrew, expressing to each 
other much less exalted opinions as to the nature and supre- 
macy of popular right than before their admission into the 
presence of royalty. On descending the last steps of the 
Palace, one of the most enthusiastic of their number observed 
to his companions, "Eh bien, mes amis, Le Prince est un 
brave homme : c'estun221." 



The "221" was the number of a majority of Deputies in 
the former Chamber, who voted what was called an " insolent 
address" to Charles X., against the measure of the ministers, 
and defeated their desire of effecting unconstitutional purposes 
by legislative forms. The address was the main ground for 
dis^oJving the Chamber, and having recourse to a new election,. 



£06 ANNALS OF TH£ 

The electors returned the present Deputies, the majority of 
whom, had they been convoked, would have been as refractory 
as the Deputies of the former Chamber. 

The last ordinance signed by Charles X was for the sup- 
pression of the Polytechnic School. One of the pupils related, 
in conversation, the feeling which induced the students to join 
the people of Paris, and the manner in which the citizens 
received them. 

'^ We knew that our school was soon to be abolished, and 
that the studies at which we had so lang burned tlie midnight 
lamp would become useless to us. If we therefore required 
any thing more than a love of country to do our duty — and 
thank God," added he, striking his breast, ** not one among us 
did — we should have found it in our own personal interests. 
We had no sooner received intelligence that from the excessive 
state of excitement created throughout the town, by the ob- 
noxious measures of Polignac, a popular commotion was to 
be apprehended, than we sallied forth en masse. We had 
scarcely traversed three streets, when our farther progress was 
arrested by an armed mob. '' Is not (they said) the Ecole 
Polytechnique what it was in 1814 ? Do you mean to sully its 
fair fame ?" Our surprise at first at such a reception, from 
those whose interests it was our intention to espouse, was ex- 
treme, until one of our companions fortunately perceived 
that in our hurry to participate in what was passing, we had 
neglected to take the fleurs-de-lis from our hats. To give 
you aa idea of the enthusiastic cheers with which we were 
greeted when we dashed this tyrannic badge to the ground, 
would be in vain. Many among us were elected chiefs by the 
people themselves, a still greater number rose themselves un- 
solicited to that dignity ; in the course of the day each leader 
succeeded in procuring a horse, the greater number of which 
w-ere taken from the gen-d'armes, and, if we did not raise, we 
at least maintained unsullied the reputation of the Ecole PqIj/" 
technique. But, where all proved themselves heroes, none 
deserve praise. A companion of mine fought beside a wine- 
merchant ; a Swiss aimed at him a sabre blow with such vio- 
lence, that the blade broke in his chest; the patriot's gun fell 
from his hand, his lips quivered, and he remained for a moment, 
as it were, unconscious of what was passing around him ; but 
it was but for a moment, for, with a resolution of purpose 
which mocks description, dragging the broken sword from his 
mutilated body, he handed it to my friend, '' Apportez le a mm 
femme^ dis luiqueje s^ai recu pour lapatrie.^^ 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 207 



MONDAY, AUGUST 9. 

Yesterday (Sunday) nothing of public interest occurred. It 
was the anniversary of the accession of the Polignac adminis- 
tration. 

To-day the Duke of Orleans was to be enthroned King of 
the French, upon condition of his accepting the Declaration of 
Rights. 

By seven o'clock in the morning, the people anxiously 
crowded round the gates of the Palace of Deputies. At ten 
o'clock, the)5 jiad occupied the Tribunes. At noon, all the 
Deputies wej^e present. Only four or five members of the 
right were observed, Messrs. Berryer de Lardemelle, Murat, 
Paul de Chateaudouble, &c. At one o'clock, the Peers be- 
gan to occupy the benches assigned them on the right of the 
throne. The tribune of the diplomatic body was almost en- 
tirely filled with ladies. There were a few Charges d'Affaires 
and a general officer, who appeared to be an Englishman. 

The fleur-de-lis, which decorated the velvet curtain of the 
throne, had been removed. Four large tri-coloured flags were . 
displayed to the right and left of the throne. Three red velvet 
stools were before it. Lower down, to the right and left^ were 
the benches for the provisional Ministers. The National 
Guard alone were on duty at the Palace. 

Two seats covered with pink silk were placed in the centre 
of the Assembly, on the last bench generally occupied by the 
Ministers, Secretaries of State ; they were for the Presidents of 
the Chamber of Deputies and the Chamber of Peers. The 
Peers were to the number of ninety. 

Soon after one o'clock, the provisional Commissioners for 
the several departments of Justice, the Interior, Foreign Af- 
fairs, War, Finance, Public Instruction, entered the Hall. 

The tribune intended for the family of the Lieutenant-General 
was opened at a quarter past two, and all eyes were turned to 
that side. Her Royal Highness the Dutchess of Orleans entered 
first ; Mademoiselle d'Orleans, the Prince de Joinville, and the 
Duke de Montpensier, seated themselves on her right hand ; 
Mademoiselles de Valois and Beaujolais on her left. The 
Princess appeared to be greatly moved. She several times sa- 
luted the assembly. Her dress and that of the young Princesses 
were plain white robes. The Princes were dressed in sky- 
blue frock coats. 

The crown, the sceptre, the sword, and the hand of justice, 



208 ANNALS OF THE 

were brought upon a rich cushion, and placed upon a table to 
the right of the throne. \ 

Four Marshals of France, the Dukes of Treviso, Tarentem, 
and Reggio, and Count Molitor, placed themselves standing 
behind the throne. 

At half-past two, sounds of warlike music were heard in the 
assembly, announcing the arrival of the Prince. Profound si- 
lence ensued. The great deputation returned to the Hall, 
M. Cassimir Perrier, President of the Chamber of Deputies, 
and M. Pasquier, President of the Chamber of Peers, took the 
two seats prepared for them. 

The Duke of Orleans entered the Hall, followjed by his two 
sons, the Dukes de Chartres and Nemours, arni took their 
places some feet before the throne. 

Cries a thousand times repeated of '^ Vive le Due d^ Orleans ^"^"^ 
&^c., were heard from all the benches ; the public in the gal- 
leries joined in these acclamations. The Prince bowed seve- 
ral times, and said, *'• Gentlemen, be seated." The Prince 
himself sat down and put on his hat, and requested the Presi- 
dent to read to him the Declaration of the Chamber of De- 
puties. 

M. Cassimir Perrier, the President, then read with a firm 
and loud voice, during a most solemn silence, the Declaration 
of the Chamber of Deputies. He then ascended the steps, 
bowed to the Prince, who rose, received the declaration from 
his hands, and said : — 

" Monsieur the President of the Chamber of Peers, I request 
you to deliver to me the act of adherence given by the Peers 
of France to the Declaration of the Chamber of Deputies." 

Baron Pasquier delivered to the Duke, with the same cere- 
monial, the act of adherence of the Chamber of Peers. 

The Prince Lieutenant-General then said, ia a strong and 
sonorous voice, 

*' Gentlemen, Peers, and Deputies, 
** I have read with great attention the Declaration of the 
Chamber of Deputies, and the adherence of the Chamber of 
Peers. I have weighed and meditated all the expressions of 
them. I accept, without restriction or reserve, all the clauses 
and engagements which this declaration contains, and the title 
of King of the French which it confers upon me. I am ready 
to swear to the observance of them*" 

Scarcely were these words pronounced, when cries of*' Vim 



RETOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 209 

hRoiP^ ^^Vive Philippe J./" resounded through the Hall, 
The King bowed, and, raising his hand towards heaven, pro- 
nounced th€ following oath : — 

"In the presence of God I swear faithfully to observe the 
Constitutional Charter, with the changes and modifications ex- 
pressed in the declaration of the Chamber of Deputies ; to go- 
vern only by the laws, and according to the laws ; to cause 
good and strict justice to be done to every body according to 
his right ; and to act in all things solely with a view to promote 
the happiness and the glory of the French people." 

This solemn oath was received with new acclamations. The 
Chambers and the galleries were turned towards the gallery of 
the Royal Famity, and cries of ^^Vive la ReineP^ ^^Vive la 
Famille Roy ale P^ arose from all. parts of the Hall, and were 
repeated by the immense crowd that surrounded the Palace. 

The King immediately signed the declaration, the act of ad- 
herence, and the oath. 

PhiUppe I. then sat down on the throne, and delivered the 
following speech : — 

'^ Messrs, Peers und Deputies , 

" I have maturely reflected on the extent of the duties which 
are imposed upon me. 1 have the consciousness of being able 
to fulfil them, by causing the compact of alliance which has 
been proposed to me to be observed. 

*^I should have ardently desired never to fill the throne to 
which the national will calls me ; but I yield to this will, ex- 
pressed to the Chambers in the name of the French people, for 
the maintenance of the Charter and the laws. 

" The modifications which we have just made in the Charter 
guarantee the security of the future and the prosperity of 
France. Happy at home, respected abroad, at peace with 
Europe, it will be more consolidated." 

Fresh acclamations rose in the Hall, and did not cease till 
long after the departure of the King and his august family. 

M. Dupont de TEure, Commissioner for the department of 
Justice, said, " The King invites the members of the two 
Chambers to meet to-morrow in their respective palaces, to 
make oath to the Charter, and to continue their labours." 

The crowd dispersed slowly to the sound of military music, 
and the Queen mingled in the Hail of Conferences with the 
people, amid their acclamations. 



T 



210 ANNALS or THE 



DECLARATION OF RIGHTS.— THE CHARTER 
OF 1830. 

The provisions and propositions upon which, in behalf of the 
people, the Chamber of Deputies called the Duke of Orleans 
to the throne, and which, having been acceded to by the Cham- 
ber of Peers, he accepted and swore to observe as the Charter 
of the nation, are contained in the annexed document, signed 
by the President, Vice-president, and Secretary ; and signed 
by the Duke of Orleans in the presence of the two Chambers, 
in the morning above related, previous to his taking the oath, 
and being admitted to sit down upon the throne. 

" DECLARATION OF THE CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES. 

^' The Chamber of Deputies, taking into consideration the 
imperious necessity which is the result of the 26th, 27tb, 28th, 
and 29th of July, and the following days, and the situation in 
which France is at this moment placed, inconsequence of this 
violation of the Constitutional Charter ; considering, however, 
that by this violation, and the heroic resistance of the citizens 
of Paris, his Majesty King Charles X., his RoyaKHighness 
Louis Antoine his son, and the senior members of the Royal 
House, are leaving the kingdom of France, — declares that the 
throne is vacant de facto et de jure^ and that there is an abso- 
lute necessity of providing for it. 

*' The Chamber of Deputies declare, secondly, that accord- 
ing to the wish, and for the interest of the people of France, 
the preamble of the Constitutional Charter is omitted, as 
wounding the national dignity, in appearing to grant to them 
rights which essentially belong to them ; and that the follow- 
ing articles of the same Charter ought to be suppressed, or mo- 
dified in the following manner : — 

"Article 1. Frenchmen are to be equal before the law, 
w^hatever may be their titles or their ranks. 

" Art. 2. They are to contribute in proportion to their for- 
tunes to the charges of the State. 

" Art. 3. They are all to be equally admissible to civil and 
military employments. 

'' Art. 4. Their individual liberty is equally guaranteed. 
No person can be either prosecuted or arrested, except in cases 
prescribed by the law. 

" Art, 5. Each one may profess his religion with equal 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 18S0. 211 

liberty, and shall obtain for his religious worship the same pro- 
tection. 

*^ Art. 6. The Ministers of the Catholic Apostolic and Ro- 
man Religion, professed by a majority of the French, and 
those of other Christian worship, receive stipends from the 
Public Treasury. 

** Art. 7. Frenchmen have the right of publishing and print- 
ing their opinions, provided they conform themselves to the 
laws. The Censorship can never be re-estabHshed. 

*' Art. 8. All property, without exception, is to be invio- 
lable ; of that which is called national, the law makes no dif- 
ference. 

'« Art. 9. The State can exact the sacrifice of property for 
the good of the public, legally proved ; but an indemnity shall 
be first given to those who may suffer from the change. 

** Art. 10. All searching into the opinions and votes given 
before the restoration is interdicted, and the same forgetful- 
ness is commanded to be adopted by the tribunals and by the 
citizens. 

'* Art. 11. The conscription is abolished ; the method of re- 
cruiting the army for land and sea is to be determined by the 
law. 

. *' Forms op the King's Govern^ment. 

" Art. 12. The person of the King is inviolable and sacred : 
his ministers are responsible ; to the King alone belongs exe- 
cutive power. 

" Art. 13. The King is to be the chief supreme of the 
State ; to command the forces by sea and by land ; to declare 
war ° to make treaties of peace and alliances of commerce ; 
to name all those who are employed in the public administra- 
tions, and to make all the regulations necessary for the execu- 
tion of the laws, without having power either to suspend the 
laws themselves or dispense with their execution. Neverthe- 
less, no foreign troops can ever be admitted into the service of 
the state without an express law. 

" Art. 14. The legislative power is to be exercised collect- 
ively by the King, the Chamber of Peers, and the Chamber 
of Deputies. 

'' Art. 15. The proposition of the laws is to belong to the 
King, to the Chamber of Peers, and to the Chamber of Depu- 
ties. Nevertheless, all the laws of taxes are to be first vot<^d 
by the Chamber of Deputies. 



212 ANNALS OF THE 

^* Art. 16. Every law to be freely discussed, and voted hj 
a majority of each of the tvi^o Chambers. 

'^ Art. 17. If a proposed law be rejected by one of the three 
powers, it cannot be brought forward again in the same ses- 
sion. 

*^^Art. 18. The King can alone sanction and promulgate 
the laws. 

'^ Art. 19. The Civil List is to be fixed for the duration of 
the reign, by the Legislative Assembly, after the accession of 
the King. 

** Of the Chamber of Peeks. 

" Art. 20. The Chamber of Peers is to form an essential 
portion of the Legislative Power. 

'^ Art, 21. It is to be convoked by the King at the same 
time as the Chamber of Deputies of the Departments. The 
session of one is^to begin and finish at the same time as the 
other. 

'^ Art. 22. Any assembly of the Chamber of Peers which 
shall be held at a time which is not that of the session of the 
Chamber of Deputies is illicit, and null of full right, except 
the case in which it is assembled as a Court of Justice, and 
then it can only exercise judicial functions. 

" Art. 22. The nomination of the Peers of France is the 
prerogative of the King. Their number is unlimited. He 
can vary their dignities, and name them Peers for life, or make 
them hereditary, at his pleasure. 

/'Art. 24. Peers can enter the Chamber at 26 years of 

age, but have only a deliberative voice at the age of 30 years. 

^' Art. 25. The Chamber of Peers is to be presided over by 

the Chancellor of France, and in his absence by a Peer named 

by the King. 

"Art. 2«. The Princes of the Blood are to be Peers bjr 
right of birth. They are to take their seats next to the Pre- 
sident. 

*^ Art. 27. The sittings of the Chamber of Peers are to be 
public, as well as those of the Chamber of Deputies. 

" Art. 28. The Chamber of Peers takes cognizance of higli- 
treason, and of attempts against the surety of the state. Which 
is to be defined by the law. 

" Art. 29. No Peer can be arrested but by the authority of 
the Chamber, or judged but by it in a criminal matter* 



BEV0LI7M0N IN FRANCE, 1830. 213 

*^ Of the Ghamber of Deputies of the DEPARTMENTi. 

" Art. 30. The Chamber of Deputies will be composed of 
Deputies elected by the Electoral Colleges, of which the or- 
ganization is to be determined by the laws. 

" Art. 31. The Deputies are to be elected for the space of 
five years. 

*' Art. 32. No Deputy can be admitted into the Chamber 
till he has attained the age of thirty years, and if he do^s not 
possess the other conditions prescribed by law. 

v" Art. 33. If, however, there should not be in the depart- 
ment fifty persons of the age specified, paying the amount of 
taxes fixed by law, their number shall be completed from the 
persons who pay the greatest amount of taxes under the amount 
fixed by law. 

^' Art. 34. No person can be an elector if he is under twen- 
ty-five years of age ; and if he does not possess all the other 
conditions determined upon by the law. 

'^ Art. 33. The Presidents of the Electoral Colleges are to 
be named by the electors. 

*' Art. 36. The half at least of the Deputies are to be 
chosen from those who have their political residence in the de- 
partments. 

*' Art. 37. ,The President of the Chamber of Deputies is to 
be elected by itself at the opening of each session. 

'* Art. 38. The sittings of the Chambers are to be public, 
but the request of five members will be sufficient to form a 
select committee. 

"Art. 39. The Chamber to be divided into secret commit- 
tees, to discuss laws which may be presented from the King. 

^' Art. 40. No tax can be established or imposed, if it has 
not been consented to by the two Chambers, and sanctioned 
by the King. 

"Art. 41. The land and house tax can only be voted for 
one year. The indirect taxes may be voted for many years. 

*' Art. 42. The King is to convoke every year the two 
Chambers, and he has the right to prorogue them, and to dis- 
solve that of the Deputies of the Departments ; but in this 
case he must convoke a new one within the period of three 
months. 

" Art. 43. No bodily restraint can* be exercised against a 
member of the Chamber during the session, nor for six weeks 
which precede or follow the session. 

'* Art. 44. No member of the Chamber can be, during tb© 
T2 



^14 ANNAIS OF TEM 

session, prosecuted or arrested in a criminal matter, except 
taken in the act, till after the Chamber has permitted his ar- 
rest, 

" Art. 45. Every petition to either of the Chambers must 
be made in writing. The law interdicts its being carried in 
person to the bar. 

" Of THE Ministers. 

*' Art. 46. The Ministers can be Members of the Chamber 
of Peers or the Chamber of Deputies. They have, moreover, 
tiieir entrance into either Chamber, and are entitled to be 
heard when they demand it. 

'' Art. 47. The Chamber of Deputies have the right of. im- 
peaching the Ministers, or of transferring them before the 
Chamber of Peers, who alone can judge them. 

'^Judicial Regulations, 

" Art. 48. All justice emanates from the King ; he admi- 
nisters in his name by the judges, whom he names, and whom 
he institutes. 

^' Art. 49. The judges named by the King are immoveable. 

'* Art. 60. The ordinary courts and tribunals existing are to 
be maintained, and there is to be no change but by virtue of 
a law. 

"Art. 51. The actual institution of the Judges of Com- 
merce is preserved. 

*^ Art. 52. The office of Justice of Peace is equally pre- 
served. The justices of peace, though named by the King, 
are not immoveable. 

" Art. 53. No one can be deprived of his natural judges. 

" Art. 54. There camiot, in consequence, be extraordinary 
commissions and tribunals created by any title or denomina- 
tion whatever. 

'^ Art. 55. The debates will be public in criminal matters, 
at least when that publicity will not be dangerous to the pub- 
lic order and manners, and in that case the tribunal is to de- 
clare so by a distinct judgment* 

" Art. 56. The institution of juries is to be preserved ; the 
changes which a longer 'experience may render necessary can 
only be effected by a distinct law. 

" Art. 57. The punishment of the conifiscation of goods is 
abolished, and cannot be re-established. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 215 

'* Art. 58. The King has the right to pardon, and to com- 
mute the punishment. 

" Art. 69. The Civil Code, and the actual laws existing, 
that are not contrary to the present Charter, will remain in full 
force until they shall be legally derogated. 

" Particular rights guaranteed by the State. 

** Art. 60 The military in actual service, officers and soldiers, 
retired widows, officers and soldiers pensioned, are to preserve 
their grades, honours, and pensions. 

"Art. 61. The public debt is guaranteed — every sort of 
engagement made by the state with its creditors is to be in- 
violable. 

" Art, 62. The ancient nobility are to resume their titles ; 
the new are to preserve theirs ; the King is to create Nofeles 
at his pleasure ; but he only grants to them rank and honours, 
without exemption from the charges and duties imposed on 
them as members of society. 

" Art. 63. The Legion of Honour is to be maintained. — 
The King is to determine the regulations and decorations. 

" Art. 64. The French Colonies are to be governed by par- 
ticular laws. 

" Art. 65. The King and his successors are to swear, on 
their accession, in presence of the assembled Chambers, to ob- 
serve faithfully the Constitutional Charter. 

** Art. 66. The present Charter, and the rights it consecrates, 
shall be entrusted to the patriotism and courage of the National 
Guard and all the French citizens. 

** Art. 67. France resumes her colours ; for the future there 
will be no other cockade than the tri-coloured. 

" Special provisions. 

'* All the creations of Peers during the reign of Charles X. 
are declared null and void. 

" Art. 27 of the Charter will undergo a fresh examination 
during the session of 1831. 

" The Chamber of Deputies declare, thirdly, that it is ne- 
cessary to provide successively for separate laws, and that with 
the shortest possible delay. 

'< 1 . For the extension of the trial by jury to misdemeanors, 
and particularly those of the press. 

^^ 2. For the responsibility of Ministers and the secondary 
agents of Government. 



216 ANNALS OF THE 

" 3. For the re-election of Deputies appointed to public 
functions. t 

*^ 4. For the annual voting of the army estimates. 

'* 6. For the organization of the National Guards, and for 
the choice of their own officers. 

" 6. For a military code, ensuring in a legal manner the si- 
tuation of officers of all ranks. 

'^ 7. For the departmental and municipal administrations. 

*' 8. For public instruction and the freedom of tuition. 

" 9. For the abolition of the double vote, and for the fixing 
of the qualification for electors and deputies. 

" 10. Declaring that all laws and ordinances which are con- 
trary to the measures adopted for the reform of the Charter are 
thenceforward annulled and abrogated. 

•* Upon condition of accepting these provisions and propo- 
sitions, the Chamber of Deputies declares, that the universal 
and pressing interest of the French people calls to the throne 
his Royal Highness Louis Philippe ©'Orleans, Due d'Or- 
LEANs, Lieutenant- General of the Kingdom^ and his descendants 
for ever, from male to male, in the order of primogeniture, and 
to the perpetual exclusion of the female branches and their 
descendants. 

^' In consequence his Royal Highness Louis Philippe d'Or- 
LEANS, Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, shall be invited to 
accept and make oath to the above clauses and engagements — 
the observance of the Constitutional Charter, and the modifi- 
cations indicated — and, after having made oath before the as- 
sembled Chambers, to assume the title of the King of the 
French. 

*« Debated at the Palace of the Chamber of Depwties, 
7th of August^ 1830. 

" President and Secretaries. 

"Lafitte, Vice-President. 

" Jacqueminot. 

*' Payee de Vendeuvre. 

'' Cunin-Gridaine, 

"Jars. 

"Examined with the origins^l by us, President and Secre- 
taries — 

" Lafitte. 

" Jars. 

"Jacqueminot. 

" Payee de Vendeuyre, Deputy de I'Aube. 

'* Cukin-Gridaine, Depute des Ardennes," 



BEVOLUTION IN FKAKCE, 1850. 217 



" FRENCH PRINCIPLES.'* 

The preceding, being the Constitutional Charter of 1830, 
is grounded upon '* French Principles. ^^ Many persons in 
England know nothing of these principles but the familiar use 
of the term. Some may incline to acquaint themselves with 
its meaning. 

French principles are a series of Articles which were 
drawn up and agreed upon by the National iVssembly at Paris 
in 1789- These Principles or articles they call " The Decla- 
ration of Rights," and proposed as the basis of a government 
they desired to establish. The document is annexed, viz. — 

" The Declaration of Rights. 

'* The Representatives of the people of France formed 
into a National Assembly, considering that ignorance, neglect, 
or contempt of human rights are the sole causes of pubhc mis- 
fortunes and corruptions of government, have resolved to set 
forth in a solemn Declaration these natural, imprescriptible, 
and unalienable rights — that this Declaration being constantly 
present to the minds of the members of the body social, they 
may be ever kept attentive to their rights and their duties— that 
the acts of the legislative and executive powers of governnojent, 
being capable of being every moment compared with the end 
of political institutions, may be more respected ; and also, — 
that the future claims of the citizens, being directed by simple 
and incontestible principles, may always tend to the mainte- 
nance of the constitution, and the general happiness. 

" For these reasons the National Assembly doth recognize 
and declare, in the presence of the supreme Being, and with 
the hope of his blessing and favour, the following sacred rights 
of men and of citizens : — 

'^ I. Men were born, and always continue, free and equal, 
in respect of their rights. Civil distinctions, therefore, can be 
founded only on public utility. 

*' II. The end of all political associations is the preserva- 
tion of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man ; and these 
rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance of op- 
pression. 

" III. The nation is essentially the source of all sovereignty ; 
nor can any individual, or any body of men, be entitled to any 
authority which is not expressly derived from it. 

** Vfi Political liberty consists in the power of doing what^ 



218 ANNALS OF THE 

ever does not injure another. The exercise of the natural 
rights of every man has no other limits than those which are 
necessary to secure to every other man the free exercise of 
the same rights ; and these limits are determinable only by 
the law. 

" V, The law ought to prohibit only actions hurtful to soci- 
ety. What is not prohibited by the law should not be hin- 
dered ; nor should any one be compelled to that which the law 
does not require. 

" VI. The law is^ an expression of the will of the commu- 
nity. All citizens have a right to concur, either personally or 
by their representatives, in its formation. It should be the 
same to all, whether it protects or punishes ; and all, being 
equal in its sight, are equally eligible to all honours, places, and 
employments, according to their different abilities, vvithout any 
other distinction than that created by their virtues and talents. 

*' VIL No man should be accused, arrested, or held in con- 
finement, except in cases determined by the law, and accord- 
ing to the forms which it has prescribed. All who promote, 
solicit, execute, or cause to be executed arbitrary orders, ought 
to be punished : and every citizen called upon or apprehended 
by virtue of the law, ought immediately to obey, and renders 
himself culpable by resistance. 

*' VIII. The law ought to impose no other penalties than 
such as are absolutely and evidently necessary ; and no one 
ought to be punished but in virtue of a law promulgated before 
the offence, and legally applied. 

" IX. Every man being presumed innocent till he has been 
convicted, whenever his detention becomes indispensable, all 
rigour to him,' more than is necessary to secure his person, ought 
to be provided against by law. 

" X. No man ought to be molested on account of his opi- 
nions, not even on account of his religious opinions, provided his 
avowal of them does not disturb the pubhc order established 
by the law. 

" XI. The unrestrained communication of thoughts and 
opinions being one of the most precious rights of man, every 
citizen may speak, write, and publish freely, provided he is 
responsible for the abuse of this liberty in cases determined by 
the law. 

*' XII. A public force being necessary to give security to the 
rights of men and of citizens, that force is instituted for the 
benefit of the community, and not for the particular benefit of 
the persons to whom it js entrusted* 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 219 

*' XIII. A common contribution being necessary for the sup- 
port of the public force, and for defraying the other expenses 
of government, it ought to be divided equally among the mem- 
bers of the community, according to their abilities. 

'" XIV. Every citizen has a right, either by himself or his 
representative, to a free voice in determining the necessity of 
public contributions, the appropriation of them, and their 
amount, mode of assessment, and duration. 

"XV. Every community has a right to demand of all its 
agents an account of their conduct. 

"XVI. Every community, in which a separation of powers 
and a security of rights is not provided for, wants a constitution.' 

'' XVII. The right of property being inviolable and sacred, 
no one ought to be deprived of it, except in cases of evident 
public necessity legally ascertained, and on condition of a pre- 
vious just indemnity. 



French Principles being thus stated by the National As- 
sembly of 1789, it is proper to subjoin the motives by which, 
in their first address to their constituents, they represent them- 
solves to have been actuated. Their observations are applica- 
ble to the situation of France in 1830. They say, — 

" We should betray you were we capable of concealing the 
truth. The nation is at this moment on the point of rising to 
the most illustrious destiny, or of sinking into the gulf of mis- 
fortune. 

" A great revolution has been effected, the very project of 
which, a few months ago, would have appeared chimerical. 
Accelerated by circumstances, which no human prudence 
could calculate, this revolution has involved the entire subver- 
sion of the ancient system ; and, without leaving us the time to 
prop up that part of the fabric which ought still to be preserved, 
or to replace what ought to be destroyed, it has on a sudden 
surrounded us with ruins. 

" If you do not, by your immediate assistance, restore motion 
and life to the political body, the most glorious of revolutions 
must perish almost as soon as it saw^ the light ; it will return into 
that chaos whence so many generous efforts called it forth into 
existence : and those who are determined to preserve, for ever, 
the invincible love of liberty, would not leave, even to unwor- 
thy citizens, the shameful consolation of resuming the fetters 
of slavery. 

*' Since the moment that your deputies, forming a just and 
necessary union, have sacrificed to concord every species of 



220 ANNALS OF THE 

rivalship and opposition of interest, the National Assembly 
have not ceased to toil for the establishment of laws, which, 
being the same for all, should form the safeguard of all. The 
National Assembly have repaired the most important errors ; 
they have broken the bonds of a multitude of slavish oppres- 
sions, which degraded humanity ; they have filled with joy 
and hope the hearts of the peasants, those creditors of the 
earth and of nature, so long discouraged and despised ; they 
have established that precious equality too much unknown to 
the French — the common right to serve the state, to enjoy its 
protection, and to merit its favours ; in short, according to 
your instructions, the National Assembly are employed in 
erecting gradually, on the immoveable basis of the unalienable 
rights of man, a constitution mild as nature herself, durable as 
justice, and of which the imperfections, an unavoidable conse- 
quence of the inexperience of its authors, will easily be re- 
paired. 

*' We have had to combat with the inveterate prejudices of 
ages, and great changes are attended by a thousand uncertainties. 
Our successors will be enlightened by experience; but we 
have endeavoured to trace a new route by the light of prin- 
ciples only. They will labour in peace, but we have been 
tried with dreadful storms. They will know their rights, and 
the limits of the several powers ; we have recovered the first, 
and fixed the second. They will consolidate our work-— they 
will surpass us; and that shall be our recompense. Who 
shall now presume to limit the grandeur of France ? Who 
would not elevate his hopes ? Who would not rejoice to be a 
citizen of this empire ?" 

Fkench Principles were frustrated in their progress, and 
the objects of the individuals who promulgated them were de- 
feated by circumstances which are now matter of history. 
Some of the ablest men among those that framed the Decla- 
ration of Rights fell in defence of their principles^ by the axe 
of the guillotine, during a reign of terror which subdued order 
and virtue, and deluged France with blood. The individuals 
perished, but their principles survive. 

French Pkincii'les have worked, are working, and will 
work. 



French Principles became the admiration of the enlight- 
ened and the wise. In this excellent class ranked Roscoe of 
Liverpool, — whose honoured name will be ever venerated by 
the lovers of literature and liberty. He hailed the new birth 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, IB 30. 221 

of Freedom forty years ago, in verses of lasting renown ; and 
he yet lives — though gently fading from the earth — to be re- 
vived by the reappearance and application of the principles 
which, through good and evil report, he has advocated during 
a long 1 f e of high-minded philanthropy, and intense devotion 
to the abolition of slavery all over the world. 

SONG. 
By William Roscoe, Esq. 

O'er the vine-cover'd hills and gay regions of France, 

See the day-star of Liberty rise, 
Through the clouds of detraction unwearied advance. 

And hold its gay course through the skies. 
An effulgence so mild, with a lustre so bright. 

All Europe with wonder surveys; 
And, from deserts of darkness and dungeons of night, 

Contends foj a share of the blaze. 

Let Burke like a bat from its splendour retire, 

A splendour too strong for his eyes ; 
Let pedants and fools his effusions admire, 

Entrapp'd in his cobwebs like flies; 
Shall Phrensy and Sophistry hope to p*-evail 

When Reason oppo ses its weight, 
When the welfare of millions is hung in the scale. 

An d the balance yet trembles with fate ? 

Ahl who, 'midst the horrors of night would abide. 

That can taste the pure breezes of morn? 
Or who that has drank of the crystalline tide 

To the feculent flood would return ? 
When the bosom of beauty the throbbing heart meets, 

Ah 1 who can its transport's decline ? 
Then who, that has tasted of Liberty's s^yeets, 

The prize but with life would resign? 

But 'tis over ; high Heaven the decision approver, 

Oppression has struggled in vain. 
To the hell she has form'd Superstition removes. 

And Tyranny gnaws his own chain ; 
In the records of Time a new era unfolds. 

All nature exults in its birth. 
The Creator benign his creation beholds, 

And gives a new charter to earth. 

O catch its high import, ye winds, as ye blowj 

O bear it ye waves as ye roll. 
From regions that feel the sun's yertical glow 

To the farthest extremes of the pole: 

u 



ANNALS OF THE 

Equal laws, equal rights, to the nations around, 
Peace and friendship their precepts impart ; 

And, wherever the footsteps of Man shall be found. 
May he bind the decree on his heart ! 



CONDUCT OF THE FRENCH. 

Right thinking people in every country have duly estimated 
the people of Paris, in the noble stand they made for Liberty. 
Meetings were held at London, Liverpool, Manchester, Bir- 
mingham, and other towns throughout the kingdom, to testify 
public ap^irobation of their conduct, and to raise and transmit 
money for the relief of the wounded, and the widows and or- 
phans of those who fell. 



At a public meeting in Edinburgh, Francis Jeffhey, Esq., 
Dean of Faculty, moved the following noble resolution : — 

'' That the people of France having, with unexampled efforts 
of courage, and under every disadvantage of preparation, 
baffled the profligate attempt of their late monarch to violate 
the sacred compact by which he held his jcrown, and to sup- 
port that aggression by the most atrocious abuse of his mili- 
tary authority ; and having, in the very moment of their sudden 
triumph, and while yet excited by the sanguinary struggle 
through which it had been obtained, made no other use of the 
power with which it invested them than to exclude from the 
throne the tyrant and his descendants, and to make such alter- 
ations only in the Charter of their liberties as were calculated 
to prevent the recurrence of similar calamities, and give secu- 
rity and permanence to their free institutions ; have, by thus 
uniting wisdom with heroism, and moderation with victory, 
not only vindicated their own rights in ^ manner the most 
glorious, but done all that in them lay to maintain the peace 
of Europe ; and Have consequently entitled themselves to the 
high admiration and gratitude of all the frie-nds of good order, 
and especially of the people of Britain, who wrought out and 
established their own freedom by kindred measures, and have, 
of all nations, most cause to rejoice in the liberty and happi- 
ness of France." 

Mr. Jeffrey, in the course of an able speech, delivered 
sentiments which in justice to the French people and to our- 
selves it is important to recollect, and therefore to record. 

He said — *' Let the meeting contrast the revolution of 1790 
with that of 1830. The former characterized by insane coun- 
oils, and by the atrocities of those wicked instruments by 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 223 

which those councils were carried into execution— when every 
thing venerable — every thing established — every thing sacred 
— every thing human or divine which could command venera- 
tion or respect — when religion, dignity, rank — all that had 
pretensions to superior worth, was levelled in one chaos of ruin 
and disorder — when a series of abominations were committed, 
almost incredible in a Christian land. Then no quarter was 
given — no offence was requisite to justify the slaughter of all 
who v,rere suspected as being defenders of ancient royalty : 
women and children — ladies of rank, delicacy, and unimpeach- 
able virtue, were treated with cruelty, brutality, and insult, 
merely because they bore names which had adorned the his- 
tory of France — the guillotine was the remedy for every ex- 
cess — the country was deluged by a sea of blood — and all the 
porters at tlie gates or hotels of Paris were indiscriminately 
massacred in cold blood, merely because known by the general 
name of Swiss, to which many of them had no title. Look 
at the contrast of 1830. Although employed in the first days 
of the revolution in cutting down and slaughtering the people, 
not one of those same Swiss who asked quarter was refused it 
— not a single atrocity — not a single excess had been com- 
mitted even in the excitement of victory. {Applause.) Asa 
consummation of the whole, look at the treatment of Charles 
X. and of Louis XVL Contrast the total forbearance from 
violence or even insult — the respect and gravity with which 
that infatuated, he might say guilty tyrant, was ushered out of 
that kingdom, the dominion of which he had forfeited. Guards 
of honour attending him — riding proudly in his carriage, sur- 
rounded by his family, and conducted by the representatives of 
the people, he passed through the country, amidst a mixed feel- 
ing o«f sympathy and contempt no doubt, but unhurt by either in- 
sult or injury. {Loud applauses.) Compare this proud triumph 
of noble minds — this moderation in the exercise of the rights 
of a free and magnanimous people — compare this, he said, 
with the atrocities which marked the conduct of their fathers, 
and even of some of themselves, when they brought to the 
scaffold a benevolent Prince, whose whole reign had been 
marked by a series of concessions to his people. {Loud ap- 
plauses.) This was well calculated to command the admira,- 
tion of the people of this country, were the fact merely before 
them. But they had the theory as well the fact to explain this^ 
extraordinary contrast. The excesses of 1790 were those of 
slaves broken loose, who were as unfit for liberty as they were 
unworthy of it. {Cheers.) The conduct of the French in 



^24 ANNAtS OF THE 

1830 was that of men proud of rational liberty, and warned 
by the excesses of their ancestors — aware that the noblest at- 
tributes of a free people were patience, long-suffering, and 
abstinence from vengeance on a fallen enemy. What a glo-- 
rious lesson did this afford to those who were always afraid of 
the effects of liberty on the people, who considered that there 
was no safety but in bonds — and that, when the people were 
entrusted with rights, nothing could follow but disorder and 
bloodshed ! {Loud applause.) What a proof did this afford 
that liberty was the only safe preventive of all excesses I 
{Applause,) This was not only the cause of France, it was 
the cause of England, it was the cause of Europe, it was the 
cause of the whole human race. {Cheers,) It was a lesson^ 
which had now been a second time repeated, and it was won- 
derful how accurately it resembled that shown by this country 
above fOO years ago. On this occasion the people had heen 
taught a lesson ; and at last atoned for the crimes of their 
fathers. (Applause.) On this occasion the stability of the 
throne or the altar was not aimed at; on the contrary, the 
throne and the altar were more firmly established, and on a 
basis of security on which they had never stood before; and it 
would go far to disarm all those prejudices which were enter- 
tained by some even in this country against rational liberty, 
and to do away those jealousies of popular rights which occa- 
sioned alarms in the minds of many by whom he believed they 
were conscientiously entertained. (Applause.) The example 
they had now seen would do two things. It would illuminate 
the people on the one hand, in giving free vent to their opinions, 
—an;', on the other, thrones and altars, principalities and 
poweiv, would be taught to look for an augmentation of 
their strength in seeking the fair support and affections of the 
people. {Loud cheers.) In this country even the most de- 
voted and inveterate Tories were found congratulating them- 
selves and their Sovereign on the triumph which monarchy, 
principle, law, and religion had obtained on this glorious occa- 
sion ; and he looked forward to the time when men of all par- 
ties, of all shades and distinctions, would mingle in the ex- 
pressions of their opinions, free from all the acrimony of party 
feelings and jealousies. This was already effected in the reli- 
gious, and why not in the political world? At home, this 
approximation of good feeling and good will had been conspi- 
cuous of late years : men of different designations in religion 
no longer denounced damnation against each other ; but treated 
each other with Christian charity,^ altiiough same shades of 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 225 

difference might exist between them on the less important and 
indifferent points of religion ; and why should not political 
parties exercise the same forbearance and charity towards each 
other ? The time, he hoped, was not far distant, indeed it wa» 
almost present, when the names of Fox and Pitt, and the de- 
signations of Whig and Tory, as party distinctions, would fall 
into utter disuse ; and when, in all the practical points of good 
government, all parties would be united. Party animosity 
was every day going down ; and the same feelings which had 
now directed the French people, he hoped, would soon draw 
all the nations of the earth into one common union for the 
preservation of rational liberty, and the interchange of that 
benevolence by which the whole race of men would be exalted 
and ennobled. (^Loud cheering,) Why had we in this coun- 
try been so long accustomed to regard the French people with 
contempt ? Why, because we thought them too submissive to 
arbitrary government, — too proud of their own national cha- 
racter — too proud of conquest, and too little fit to govern and 
restrain themselves. They had on this great occasion shown 
the reverse of all these faults ; they had been so moderate and 
forbearing that he could not help hoping that the two nations 
would be henceforth so united, that there should be no rivalry 
between them but in the practice of virtue and benevolence, 
and in the honourable rivalry of philosophy and the arts. 
{Loud cheers.) It had been insinuated in some quarters that 
the British government patronised the measures of the French 
ministry. When Parliament met, he had no doubt that the 
calumny would be put down. In the mean time, be thought 
it was proper that the sense of the nation should be expressed 
upon the subject ; and that meetings like the present should 
take place in all quarters for that purpose." 



CHARLES X. 

(From the " Chat of the WeeJc.'') 

Charles Philip, formerly Count d'Artois, brother and suc- 
cessor of Louis XVIII., was born at Versailles the 9th of 
October, 1757. He married, in 1773, Maria Teresa of Savoy, 
and had issue the Due d' Angouleme, (late Dauphin) the Due de 
Berri (assassinated), and the Princess Sophia, who died young. 
His wife is also deadl He was brought up in the Court of hir 



226 awnals of~ Tirs;;' 

grandfather, Louis XV., one of the most exacting, foolisHyand' 
dissipated men that ever existed, which ought to be remem- 
bered in excuse of his grandson, who showed from an early age 
ail the fruits of such a soil. He was a rake and a ruffler. At 
a ball, v/hen he was nineteen, he publicly tore a mask from 
the face of the Dutchess de Bourbon, for which he had to fight 
the Duke. The moment the disorders began in the state, the 
Count d'Artois set his face against all change and all amelio- 
ration, and became very unpopular. On one occasion, when 
his brother^ the late King Louis the XVJIL, was received with 
acclamation, it was with difficulty that the count was escorted 
through the indignant multitude. He affected to treat the Re- 
volution as a mutiny. The destruction of the Bastile showed 
him tbit it was something more. He began, with alarm, to 
get a glimpse of the new power coming up in the world, called 
])ublic opinion, showed symptoms of agitation at the National 
Assembly, when he was obliged to appear with Louis XVf., 
and two days afterward left France, to concert the means of 
invading it with an army of foreigners, and of setting up the 
first holy alliance, justly called at the time a '* conspiracy 
of kings." In the manifesto pubhshed at his instigation, and 
in the joint names of himself and his brother, by the Emperor 
and the King of Prussia, the King of France was declared to 
be an object of common interest to '' all the sovereigns of Eu- 
rope" (not to justice or humanity^, and a resolution was an- 
nounced to restore the monarchal government of France to 
a condition '* equally suitable to the rights of sovereigns, and" 
— what ? the happiness of the people ? no — ** the welfare of 
the French ^^o&^7^^^/." The manifesto came to nothing at the 
time ; but the Count d'Artois made an incursion into Cham- 
pagne with a corps of emigrants. The incursion came 
to as little. After other ineffectual attempts to get up an 
army, he returned into Great Britain, resided a long time 
in Edinburgh, at Holyrood House, and afterward, with the 
rest of the family, at Hartwell, where he remained till Buona- 
parte overshot himself in Russia. He then went poking 
about the French frontiers, to see where foreign invasion could 
come in ; and upon Buonaparte's abdication, issued a manifesto, 
announcing, among other blessings, ''- the triumph of liberty, 
and the reign of the laws !" It is needless to state the parti- 
culars of either his subsequent flight and return, as Napoleon 
came and went, or of his various face-makings for and ag.ainst 
the Charter, in quality of prince and sovereign His public 
professions and his real feelings were well understood. He took- 
oath upon oath to adhere to the Charter, and we see what they 



IKEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1330. 22T 

have come to. He dissolved the last Chamber, because it 
thwarted his views ; and, upon seeing that the next was likely 
to thwart them more, he dissolved that before it had 
assembled ! 

The whole secret of the matter is, that Charles X. is a com- 
monplace Prince of the violent order ; an old rake who has 
become a devotee, and who was willing to compound for his 
own offences, and those of freedom, by one grand coup-de- 
main in favour of priestcraft and tyranny. The priests were 
evidently at the bottom of it, from the bitterness of what is 
said against their adversaries in the Report of the ministers. 
The weak, obstinate King took his feebleness for his strength ; 
and he had as weak a minister in Polignac, to do likewise. 
Polignac seems a simpleton like the rest of his family, whose 
influence was wondered at whentliey helped to ruin Marie An- 
toinette. Twice had his family been obliged to quit France, 
and both times with the Count d'Artois. 

Charles X. has been a vain, headstrong, unteachable man, 
badly brought up, forgetting none of his old quarrels with free- 
dom, and resolved to have '* that matter out," as the phrase 
is, the first opportunity. He has had it out, and is out himself. 

Charles X. is not wanting in the physical part of firmness 
and bravery. He keeps up his strength and activity by hunt- 
ing ; and, corporeally speaking, is a respectable old prince of 
seventy-three, being intemperate in nothing but his bigotries. 
His face is against him. He shows his teeth like an old hyena, 
and his smile is as silly as his purposes. 



The duel between Charles X., when Count d'Artois, and 
the Duke of Bourbon, originated in a masquerade frolic. The 
count having a lady with him, was followed by the Dutchess of 
Bourbon. She seized his mask by the beard and the strings 
snapped ; the count seized the Dutchess's mask and broke it. 
The Duke of Bourbon, conceiving that the sex of the Dut- 
chess should have protected her from rude retaliation, sent the 
count d'Artois a message. The duel took place at the Bois 
de Boulogne, near the Port des Princes ; and, as related by the 
Chevalier de Crussol, the count's second, is a curiosity, as a 
specimen of old court manners. The chevalier says,— 

*' When we reached the Port des Princes I perceived the 
Duke de Bourbon on foot, surrounded by several persons. As 
soon as the Count d'Artois perceived the Duke, he got out of the 
carriage, and wentstraight up to him, and said smiling, * Sir, it is 
mid that you and I are looking for each othcF.' The Duke de 



2^8 ANNALS Of THE 

Bourbon, taking off his hat, replied, ' Sir, I am here to receife 
your commands.' ^ In order to execute yours,' replied the prince, 
'you must allow me to return to my carriage.' He then went 
back to his carriage, and having taken from it his sword, he rejoined 
the Duke, and they entered the wood for about twenty paces ; 
they then stopped, and each took his station opposite to the other^ 
sword in hand. They were on the point of commencing the 
combat, when the Duke de Bourbon, addressing the Prince, said, 
^ Perhaps, sir, you do not observe that you stand in a very un- 
favourable position, as the sun is directly in your eyes.' ' Right,' 
said the Prince, * there is as yet little or no foliage on the 
trees, and the sun is inconvenient ; — we shall, however, not 
find a shady place unless in the shadow of yonder wall. It is 
not far off — let us go to it.' Accordingly, each put his naked 
sword under his arm, and they walked to the proposed spot,^ 
side by side, and conversing together. The Duke de Bourbon 
asked the Count if he had any objection to his (the Duke's), 
taking off his coat. The proposal was immediately agreed to 
by the Count, who took off his also, andy their breasts thus 
entirely open, the combat commenced. They were a long time 
in position, without either of them making a pass. Suddenly, 
however," continued M. de Crussol, " I saw the blood mount 
to the cheeks of the Count d'Artois — from which I could 
judge that he was growing impatient. In fact, he now began 
to press upon the Duke rather violently, with the view, as it 
seemed, of causing him to lose his caution ; and I perceived 
the Duke waver a little. At this instant the Count d'Artois 
made a lunge, in which his sword seemed to pass under the 
arm of the Duke de Bourbon. Believing that the Duke must 
have been wounded, 1 now stepped forward with a view of 
staying the proceedings. ' Stay, for a moment, gentlemen,' 
said I ; 'it seems to me that already more than enough has- 
been done to satisfy the trifling character of the difference 
which led to this meeting. 1 appeal to M. de Vibraye (whose 
judgment should bear great weight in matters of this nature), 
whether I am not correct in what I state.' * I entirely agree 
with M. de Crussol,' said M. de Vibraye, ' in thinking that 
enough has been done to satisfy the most scrupulous delicacy.' 
* I am riot entitled,' said the Count d'Artois, * to have any 
opinion on the matter. It is for the Duke de Bourbon to 
express his wishes. I am entirely at his disposal,' ' Sir,' re- 
plied the Duke de Bourbon, addressing himself to the Prince^ 
and at the same time lowering the point of his sword,^ — ' I 
kave only tasay that I am overwhelmed with gratitude for your 



REVOLTjTIOW in FRANCE, 1 830. 229 

kindness to me in this affair, and shall never cease to remember 
the honour you have conferred on me.' At these words the 
Count d'Artois opened his arms, and, running towards the 
Duke, they embraced each other, — and the affair ended." 

It was the fashion in France, under tl^e old regime^ to elevate . 
trifles : a courtier present at this duel, said, " They have fought 
like a couple of grenadiers!" The Count d'Artois's conduct 
was a topic for lavish encomiums. 



When Mr. Brougham visited Sheffield as a candidate to re- 
present the county of York, the measures of Charles X. and 
his ministers had just become known. Mr. Broui^ham's opi- 
nion upon the subject was requested, and he said, with a power 
and an energy peculiarly his own, — '*Alas! the news has 
reached us that a frantic tyrant (for I can call him nothing 
else), bent upon mischief, and guided by an ignorant and be- 
sotted priesthood — led by the most despicable advisers — for- 
getful of the obligation he owes to his people — forgetful of 
the duty he owes to that Providence which restored him to his 
throne, — has, in the face of that Providence, and in defiance 
of that people, declared that he will trample on the liberties 
of his country, and rule 30,000,000 of its people by the sword. 
I heartily pray that his advisers will meet with that punish- 
ment which they so richly merit. The minister who could 
give such counsels deserves that his head should be severed from 
his body and rolled in the dust. If it woro nnociVvi- *'^<*^ ^^7 
orxc could dare to give such advice to our Kmg, the same 
punishment ought to be inflicted upon him, and his head 
should roil in the dust the same day, before sunset, on which 
he gave that counsel. Gentlemen, it is no business of ours 
to interfere with that country ; the French have their own 
liberty in their own keeping, and no nation ever showed itself 
more disposed to keep it, or seemed to me to have more right, 
to possess it. And 1 pray to heaven that they may speedily 
crush their enemies and establish their liberties." 



To keep room for more interesting matter, none has been 
appropriated to the progress of the late King and his family 
from Rambouillet to the coast. He landed at Poole, in Dor- 
setshire ; and an alderman of that corporation immortalized 
himself by handing him to a carriage, in which he went to Lul- 
worth, where he cleanses himself with daily confession. For 
having ordered fusilades upon the people of Paris, he appears 
to have been enjoined the penance of shooting all day at Eng- 
lish pheasants and partridges,^ 



2S0 ANNALS OE THE 

Some of the Ministers who signed the ordinances were dis^- 
covered in different disguises, and arrested. The premier, 
Prince Polignac, assumed the character of a servant. On 
being brought in strict custody to St. Lo, he wrote a letter to 
Baron Pasquier, which is subjoined, as published in the Chat 
of the Week. 

LETTER OF THE PRINCE DE POLIGNAC, 

Late Prime Minister of King Charles X., to the President 
of the French Chamber of Peers, 

Saint Lo, Aug. 17. 
" Monsieur le Baron, 

*' Having been arrested at Granville, at the moment 
when I was flying from the sad and deplorable events which 
have just taken place, and seeking an opportunity to retire to 
the Island of Jersey, I have surrendered myself a prisoner 
into the hands of the Provisional Commission of the Prefect- 
ure of the department of La Manche, neither the Procureur 
du Roi for the arrondissement of Saint Lo, nor the juge dHn- 
struction, hdiv'mg any power, according to the terms of the 
Charter, to commit me, in case (of which, however, I am igno- 
rant) the Government had given orders for my arrest. ^ It is 
>nly by the authority of the Chamber of Peers,' says article 
29 of the Charter, and which, in this respect, is conformable 
to the oiu oi;^.w-, - ^u^*. ^ ^^^^iK^- ^f *^^ ^.hamhRr of Pecrs 
can be arrested.' I know not what steps the Chamber uf 
Peers may take on this subject, or whether it will charge me 
with the lamentable events of the two days, which I deplore 
more than any many which came on with the rapidity of 
the thunderbolt in the midst of the tempest, and which no 
human strength nor prudence could arrest^ since in those ter- 
rible moments it was impossible to know to whom to listen, or 
to whom to apply, and every man's eflforts were required to 
defend his own life. My only desire, M. Le Baron, is, that i 
may be permitted to retire to my own home^ and there resume 
those peaceful habits of private life which alone are suited to 
my taste, and from which I was torn in spite of myself, as is 
well known to all who are acquainted with me. Vicissitudes 
enough have filled my days — reverses enough have whitened 
my head, in the course of the stormy hfe I have led. I can- 
not in any degree be reproached with having in the time of 
my prosperity preserved any vengeful recollections against 
those who used their power with undue severity against mo- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 231 

in adversity. Indeed, M. Le Baron, in what position should 
we all be placed, surrounded as we are by those continual 
changes presented by the age in which we live, if the poli- 
tical opinions of those who are smitten by the tempest are to 
become misdemeanors or crimes in the eyes of those who have 
embraced a more fortunate Me of the question ? If I cannot 
obtain permission to retire quietly to my home, I entreat to be 
allowed to withdraw into a foreign country with my wife and 
my children. Lastly, if the Chamber of Peers determine to 
decree my arrest, I solicit that they will fix as the place of my 
detention the fortress of Ham, in Picardy, where I was for a 
long time in captivity in my youth, or in some other fortress 
at once commodious and spacious. (Loud laughter.) That 
of Ham would agree better than any other with the state of 
my health, which has been for some time enfeebled, and which 
the late events have greatly injured. The misfortunes of an 
upright man ought in France to meet with some sympathy ; 
but at all events, M. le Baron, I may almost venture to say 
that it would be barbarous to bring me into the capital at a 
time when so many prejudices have been raised against me- — 
prejudices which my unsupported voice cannot appease, and 
which time alone can calm. I have been long and too much 
accustomed to see all my intentions misrepresented and placed 
in the most odious hght. To you, M. le Baron, I have sub- 
mitted all my wishes, not knowing to whom I ought to address 
myself, and at the same time I request you to lay them before 
those to whom it of right belongs, begging you to accept the 
assurance of my high consideration. 

(Signed) '^ The Prince de Polignac. 

'^ P. S. 1 beg you to do me the favour to acknowledge the 
receipt of this letter." 



THE BOURBONS. 

Charles (Louis Philippe) X. was the most aged Sovereign 
in Europe, having been born the 9th of October, 1 757. He 
succeeded his brother, Louis XVHL, whose dissolution oc- 
curred in the 69th year of his age, on the 16th of September, 
1824, and made his public entry into Paris, as King, on the 
27th of the same month. Charles X. (at that period the 
Count d' Artois) married the 17th November, 1773, when 
he was in the 17th year of his age, the Princess Maria The- 



232 ANNALS OF THE 

resa, daughter of Victor Amadeus, the third king of Sardinia, 
Louis XVIII. having been united, in 1771, to the Princess 
Maria, a daughter of the sanie Monarch. By this Princess, 
who died at Gratz, in Hungary, June 2, 18G6, Charles X. had 
issue Louis Antoine, Due d'Angouleme, late Dauphin of 
France, born August 6, 1775, married, the lOthof June, 1799, 
Maria Theresa Charlotte, only surviving child of Louis XVI. , 
born the 19th of December, 177B ; Henry Charles, Due de 
Berri, married, in 1818, Maria Caroline, daughter of Francis I., 
the late King of the Two Sicilies, by Maria Clementina, sister of 
the present Emperor of Austria, by whom the Due de Berri had 
issue, Maria Theresa Louisa (Mademoiselle), born September 
28, 1819, and Henry Charles Ferdinand, Dieudonne d'Artois 
(a posthumous Prince), born the 29th of September, 1820. 
The Due de Berri was assassinated, in Paris, February 14, 1820. 

While Charles X. and his profligate ministers were cannon- 
ading the people of Paris, William IV., who had recently as- 
cended the throne of England, animated the people of London by 
appearing in public, and manifesting a free-hearted and kind dis- 
position. The contrast was obvious, and stirred the pen of Elia 
to the effusion below, which he communicated to The Times, 

THE ROYAL WONDERS. 

Two miracles at once ! Compeird by fate, 
His tarnish'd throne the Bourbon doth vacate ; 
While English William, — a diviner thing, — 
Of his free pleasure hath put o^ the king. 
The forms of distant old respect lets pass, 
And melts his crown into the common mass. 
Health to fair France, and fine regeneration ! 
But England's is the nobler abdication. 

Charles Lamb. 



There is an historical coincidence which owing to existing 
circumstances strikes every body as singular. Thrice has the 
crown of the Capets fallen from the elder to the younger 
branch, and the consecutive reigns of three brothers have, always 
preceded that change in the reigning family. After Philip le 
Bel followed the reign of the brothers Louis le Hutin, Philip le 
Long, and Charles le Bel. Then the sceptre fell into the 
hands of Valois. The three brothers Francis IL, Charles IX., 
and Henry IIL, finished the career of the royal family, and 
called the Bourbons to the throne. Louis XVL, Louis XVIII , 
and Charles X., terminate the list of the monarchs of that 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 233 

family, and the House of Orleans rises in the midst of a tem- 
pest. — The Times, 



Family of Orleans. 

Louis Philippe (Due d 'Orleans) born the 6th of October, 
1 773, married November 25, 1809, the Princess Maria Amelia, 
born December 14, 1782, second daughter of Ferdinand IV., 
King of the Two Sicihes, sister of Francis L, and aunt to the 
present Dutchess of Orleans, and by whom his Royal Highness 
has a surviving family of nine children — -viz. 1. Ferdinand 
Louis Philip, Due de Chartres, born the 8th of September, 
1810; 2. Louisa Maria Theresa Charlotte Isabella, Dutchess 
d'Orleans, born April 3, 1812 ; 3. Maria Christiana Caroline, 
Dutchess de Valois, born April 12, 1813; 4. Louis Charles, 
Ducde Nemours, born October 25, 1814; 5. Maria Clotilda, 
born June 3, 1817; 6. Francis Ferdinand Philippe, Due de 
Joinvijle, born August 14, 1818 ; 7.. Charles, Due de Ponthi- 
evre, born July 1, 1820 ; 8. Henry, Ducd'Aumale, born June 
\Qj 182^; 9. Anthony, Due de Montpensier, born July 31, 
1824. Louis PhiUppe I. has an only sister unmarried, the 
Princess Adelaide Eugene Louisa, Mademoiselle d'Orljeans, 
born August 23, 1777. 



FRANCE UNDER NAPOLEON. 

Many excellent men viewed the admiration of the French 
nation for the military power of Napoleon, and their acquies- 
cence in his despotism, as a national blindness, which might 
end in utter dereliction from the principles of Freedom. A 
prophetic anticipation that France would again break her bonds, 
closes the following lay of a distinguished minstrel of Liberty, 
the late Mr. Edward Rushton, of Liverpool. 

TO FRANCE. 

. Canst thou, who burst with proud disdain 
Each high-wrought link of slaverj^'s chain]; 
Canst thou who cleansed with noble rage 
Th' Augean filth of many an age ; 
Canst thou, whose mighty vengeance hurPd 
Destruction on thy foes — the world, 
X 



2S4 ANNALS OF THE 

Yet bade the infuriate slaughter cease, 
When vanquish'd despots whined for peace ; 
Ganst thou, O France I from heights like these descend, 
And with each nerve unbraced — to proud Napoleon bend I 

Was it for this thy warriors rose, 

And paralyzed vast hordes of foes ? 

For this, all prodigal* of life, 

They rush*d amid the bellowing strife, 

And, like the deserf^s burning breath, 

Where'er they rush'd, they scattered death ? 

For this, with many a gaping wound, 

Thy daring sons have strew'd the ground, 
And girt with smoking gore, and hills of slain, 
Have gloried in their cause, and spurn'd the oppressor's chain ! 

When vaunting freemen join'd the array, 
And gloomy squadrons prowl'd for prey. 
Was it for this, beneath the wave 
Thy seamen found an oozy grave? 
For this, when all around was wreck. 
And mingled horrors stain'd the deck. 
When slowly setting towards their fate, 
While the broad banners wav'd elate, 
Was it for this they Vive le Nation ! cried, 
Scorn'd the submissive act, and felt the o'erwhelming tide ? 

Was it for this the sorrowing sire 

Has seen his Weeding boy expire ? 

For this, the matron, sad and pale, 

Has told her son's disastrous tale ? ' 

For this, the widow oft has press'd, 

With tears, the nursling to her breast ? 

Was it to lift the ambitious soul 

Of ONE above the law's control, 
That thus dire war left millions to deplore, 
And the broad earth and seas were tinged with human gore r 

No ! — fearless France shall ne'er be found 
Like the huge brute on India's ground, 
That through the ranks impetuous sweeps. 
And loads the field with mangled heaps, 
And yet, each scene of carnage o^er, 
Obeys that goad he felt before ; 
No ! — fearless France shall still maintain 
Those rights that millions died to gain, 
And soon, though laurel wreaths her chains adorn, 
^hall show a grov'ling world that chains are still her scorn. 

O France ! thy energetic soul 
Will never brook unjust control ; 
Will never crouch to Slavery's load, 
Nor bear the oppressor's iron goad : 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE j 1830. 235 

No ! — France, who bade her monarch fall, 

Will ne'er before this idol crawl ; 

Will ne'er receive with abject awe 

A martial miscreant's will as law ; 
j^o; — ^banish fear, ye friends of human kind, 
France to a giant's arm unites a towering mind. 

Ho who o'erwhelms his country's foe, 
*: Yet lays his country's freedom low, 

Must fear, though girt with guards and state, 
From each bold arm the stroke of fate ; 
And thou, usurping warrior, thou 
To whom the weak and timid bow ; 
Thou splendid curse, whose actions prove 
That states may be undone by love: 
. Thou foe to man, upheld by martial breath. 
Thy march is on a mine — thy every dream is death. 

And when this meteor's baleful rays 

Are lost in Freedom's ardent blaze, 

Yes, when indignant France shall rise, 

Hej form all nerve, all fire her eyes. 

And, scorning e'en the bayonet's sway, 

Shall sweep the audacious.wretch away; — 

Then, with degraded mien, no more 

Shall man his fellow-man adore ; 
Then o'er his powers shall Principle preside. 
And the bright star of Truth shall prove his polar guide., 



FRENCH AND ENGLISH REVOLUTIONS. 

The following Historical Parallel is from Le Glohey^ French 

Journal. 

ENGLISH REVOLUTION. FRENCH REVOLUTION. 

THE STUAKTS. CAPETS* 

Charles L Louis XVI. 

Resistance of the Parliament. Assembly of Notables. 

Refusal of Subsidies. Refusal of Subsidies, 

Parliament dissolved. Oath of the Tennis Court. 

The Long Parliament. Legislative Assemblies. 

Increasing irritation. Increasing irritation. 

Charles I. at York. Louis XVI. at Versailles. 

Civil War. Emigration, Vendee, &>c. 

Flight of Charles, taken at the Flight of Louis, taken at Va- 
Isle of Wight. rennes. 



236 



ANNALS OF THE 



THE STUAIITS. 

Trial and death of Charles. 

English Republic. 

Oliver Cron^well, Protector. 

Parliament dissolved. 

New Parliament. 

Military despotism and foreign 
aid. 

Alliance of Cromwell with Ma- 
zarin and Louis XIV. 

Fall of Richard Cromwell. 

General Monck. 
.Restoration. 

Charles II. 

Promise to maintain the Con- 
stitution. 

Amnesty (excepting to Regi- 
cides). 

Cromwell's army disbanded. 

Triumph of the Royalists. 

Parliamentary discussions. 

Whigs and Tories. 

Catholic and Royalist. 

Reaction. 

Death of Russell and Sydney. 

Influence of the Duke of York, 
brother to the King. 

James II. 

Fine speech on his accession ; 
deception. 

Triumph of the Catholics and 
Tories. 

JefFeries and his accomplices. 

National indignation. 

William of Nassau. 

Fall of James and the Stuarts, 
called the Glorious Revolu- 
tion. 



CAPETS. 

Trial and death of Louis. 

French Republic. 

Buonaparte, ConsuL 

Eighteenth Brumaire. 

Senate. 

Military despotism and foreign 

aid. 
Marriage of Napoleon with an 

Archdutcbess of Austria. 
Fall of Napoleon. 
Talleyrand, Fouche, fcc. 
Restoration. 
Louis XVlll. 
Charter. 

Ditto. 

The army of the Loire, dittOo 

Triumph of the Royalists. 

Ditto. 

Liberals and Ultras. 

Catholic and Royalist. 

Reaction. 

Death of Berton, Bories, 6lc. 

Influence of the Pavilion Mar- 

san. 
Charles X. 
Ditto. 

Triumph of the Jesuits and 
Ultras. 

Villele and Polignac's ministry. 

Ditto. 

Philip of Orleans. 

Fall of Charles and the Bour- 
bons, the Glorious Revolu- 
tion. 



Of all the authorities upon which people can rely, in a grand 
political crisis, history is the most powerful. In the pi:eseBt 
state of affairs it will be seen on which side it leanSo, 



REVOLUTION IIV FRANCE, 1830. 237 



EX-DEY, AND EX-KING. 

At Paris, on the receipt of the news of the surrender of 
Algiers, Charles X. resolved to commemorate the event by a 
royal procession of great pomp. A splendid pageant was ac- 
cordingly got up on Sunday, the Uth July, and the King, 
attended by an immense retinue of his Ministers and other offi- 
cials of his government, proceeded to the church of Notre 
Dame, followed by twenty-eighfe coaches, with eight horses 
each ; — altogether presenting a spectacle calculated to call 
forth the enthusiasm of the people. To add to the solemnity, 
mass was celebrated at all the other churches. A great mul- 
titude collected to witness the procession ; but although the 
King had taken the precaution to avail himself of the pre- 
sence of the Dutchess of Berri, as a kind of protection, he was 
unable to elicit any warm expressions of loyalty. There was 
an occasional attempt at " Vive le Roi," but the exclamation, 
instead of spreading throughout the dense mass, died away a 
solitary sound. It was altogether one of the most mournful 
rejoicings that can possibly be imagined. Notwithstanding 
the event which was the occasion of the procession, and the 
means adopted to increase the splendour of the show and 
render it imposing, yet the unpopularity of the King threw a - 
gloom over the whole proceeding, which no effort on the part 
of the court could dissipate. So strong and unconquerable, 
even then, v/asthe feeling of the French against Charles X. 
and his Government. 

On Wednesday, the 28th of July, while the people were 
braving his troops in battle, and hurling him from the throne, 
the Semaphore of Marseilles published the following extract 
of a document from Algiers : — " In the name of God, &c., I 
renounce the absolute sovereignty to the victorious and grand 
Charles the Tenth ; and I agree to pay him the tribute ; and 
will also furnish him with the contingent, obeying him in the 
same manner and in the same form as my predecessors and the 
Dey of Algiers. I also expect to receive from the virtuous 
Charles the Tenth all succour and protection that a subject has 
to expect from his legitimate King. 

When the Ex-Dey of Algiers was informed of the Revolu- 
tion in France, he exclaimed, — " God is great ! — the King of 
France dethroned me, and now he is dethroned himself 1- — 
God is great !" 

X2 



238 ANNALS OF THE 



MEMOIRS OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS— LOUIS 
PHILIPPE L 

Although the Duke of Orleans, now Philippe L King of 
the French, was usually called a cousin of Charles X., the re- 
lationship they bear to each other is very remote. The com- 
mon ancestor of both was Louis XIIL, in 1640, and, conse- 
quently, as the line of each lengthened from him, the consan- 
guinity of the descendants became more distant. . 

Louis Philippe, eldest son of the late Due d'Orleans, and 
of Marie Adelaide of Bourbon Penthievre, was born on Oc- 
tober 6, 1773. At first he was named Due de Valois ; but 
afterward Due de Che^rtres. Early in the Revolution, his fa- 
ther dropped his title, assumed the name of Egalite (Equality), 
and under that denomination associated himself with men of 
sanguinary violence, in the horrible scenes of the first Revo- 
lution. At nine years of age the Due de Chartres and his 
brothers, the Due de Montpensier and the Count de Beaujo- 
lais, were entrusted to the care of the celebrated Madame de 
Genlis, who conducted his entire education upon the plan of 
Rousseau's t^milius, until he was seventeen years old. She 
strengthened both his body and mind. Early in childhood, she 
taught him the principal modern languages ; accustomed him 
to serve himself wijlhout assistance — to despise every kind of 
• effeminacy — to sleep habitually on a wooden bed, merely co- 
vered with a straw mat — to face the sun, cold, and rain — to 
habituate himself to fatigue, by daily violent exercises, and hj 
walking five or six leagues with leaden soles to his shoes. By 
her aid he acquired many branches of useful knowledge, and 
she inspired him with a taste for travelling. Since his great 
ancestor, Henry IV., no other prince had bcQn so trained to 
hardihood ; and, at the present dary, few persons in any station 
have been so properly and so thoroughly qualified to engage in 
the business of life. 

When fifteen years old, during a tour with Madame de Gen- 
lis, and his brothers, and their sister, Mademoiselle d'Orleans, 
into Normandy, he was at Mont St. Michael, a place then re- 
markable for a cage in which a Dutch newspaper editor had 
been confined seventeen years, for writing against Louis XIV. 
Madame de Genlis acquainted her pupils with every thing that 
could improve or usefully inform their minds, and, deeming 
this an opportunity for enabling them to take a lesson, she in- 
quired of the people in the neighbourhood respecting the 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 23^ 

'* prisoner's cage," which gave celebrity to the spot. " I in- 
terrogated them," she says, ** about the famous iron cage. 
They told me it was not of iron, but of wood, framed of enor- 
mous logs, between which were interstices of the width of 
three or four fingers'-breadth. It was about fifteen years 
since any prisoners were confined there wholly, but they still 
put in those who were obstreperous for twenty-four hours, or 
two days, though the place was horribly damp and unwhole- 
some, and though there was another prison as strong, and 
more healthy. 1 expressed surprise, and the Prior assured me 
that it was his intention, at some future time, to destroy this 
monument of cruelty. Upon this Mademoiselle d'Orleans 
and her brothers cried out, that they should be delighted to 
see it destroyed in their presence. The Prior said that he ' 
could afford them the satisfaction they desired the next morn- 
ing, and that this would be assuredly the finest entertainment 
he could give them. — -A few hours before our departure for 
St. Michael, the Prior, followed by the monks^ two carpenters, 
one of the Swiss of the Castle, and the greater part of the 
prisoners, who, at our request, were allowed to be present, 
acompanied us to the place containing this horrible cage. In 
order to reach it, we traversed caverns so dark that we were 
obliged to use lighted flambeaux. After descending many 
. steps, we reached a frightful cavern, where stood this abomi- 
nable cage. It was extremely small, and placed on ground 
so damp that the water ran under it The Duke of Chartres, 
with enthusiastic expression, and with a force beyond his years, 
gave the first blow with his axe to the cage, after which the 
carpenters cut down the door, and removed some of the wood. 
I never witnessed anything so interesting as the transports, 
the acclamations, and the applauses of the prisoners, during 
this demolition. In the midst of the tumult, I was struck with 
the melancholy and miserable looks of tlje Swiss, who regarded 
the operation with the greatest signs -of gri^f. I mentioned 
this to the Prior, who told me that the man regretted the de- 
struction of the cage, because he made money by showing it 
to strangers. The Duke of Chartres gave ten louis to him, 
saying that for the future, instead of showing the cage to tra- 
vellers, he would have to point out to them the place where it 
once stood, and that surely that view would be much more 
agreeable to them." At so early an age such an expression 
bespoke a rectitude of mind which marked the desire and act 
of destroying the cage as more than boyish. 

The destruction of the Bastile in July, 1789, was another 



240' ANNALS OF THE 

opportunity for the instruction of youth upon Madame de Gen- 
lis's plan. She says, " The desire I had of showing my pupils 
every thing induced me to come from St. Leu, and spend a few 
hours at Paris, to witness from the garden of Beaumarchais 
the assembling of the whole population of the capital, for the 
purpose of pulling dow^n and demolishing the Bastile. It is 
impossible to give an idea of the scene ; you must have seen it 
in order to conceive of it. This redoubtable fortress was co- 
vered with men, women, and children, working with unequalled 
ardour, on the loftiest parts of the building, even on its turrets. 
The astonishing number of these voluntary workmen, their ac* 
tivity, their enthusiasm, their pleasure at seeing the fall of that 
terrible monument of tyranny, their avenging hands, which 
seemed consecrated by Providence, and which annihilated with 
astonishing rapidity the work of many centuries — all this spoke 
at once to the imagination and to the heart. No one had been 
more shocked than I at the excesses committed at the taking 
of the Bastile; but as I had also been witness for twenty 
years of many arbitrary imprisonments, I never cast my eyes 
on that fortress without shuddering, and its demolition afforded 
me unspeakable delight." It is not to be doubted, that in 
company with such an instructress, v/hom he regarded as a 
mother, the Due de Chartres witnessed this extraordinary scene 
with equal pleasure, and derived a moral from it which influ- 
enced his public and private life. At this age, when the pas- 
sions develop themselves, he w^as training in virtuous and 
manly habits, under a woman of cheerful temper and e:xcellent 
s^nse. His conduct was amiable and prudent, and he ac- 
quired a sedate and reserved character, which slibsequent 
events strengthened and confirmed. 

About the same time, Madame de Genlis received a letter 
from him, which she justly calls '^ most touching," and cites 
the passage from it by which she was most affected. '' I pro- 
pose," says he,'*' to deprive myself of my pocket-money up to 
the conclusion of my education, that is to say, up to the first 
of April, 1790, and to devote that money to beneficent pur- 
poses. On the first of each month we will decide the use that 
is to be made of it. I beg you to receive on this subject my 
most sacred word of honour, that I should wish this to remain 
a secret between ourselves ; but you know well, that all my se- 
crets are, and always shall be, yours." When the Due de Char- 
tres thus wrote and determined, he was barely sixteen years 
old. 

On attaining seventeea, his father, the Due d'Orleans, in- 



REVOLTTTION IN FRANCE, 1830. ^4 1 

formed Madame de Genlis. that the education of the Due de 
Chartres had terminated. His father was immensely rich, and 
accordint^to a usage of the French court, the Due de Chartres 
was provided with a separate establishment, and a large annual 
allowance, as a Prince of the Blood Royal. It may be ima- 
gined that now, being independent of control, he indulged in 
pleasures usual to youth of high birth, and that, dazzled by the 
attractions of a luxurious metropolis, and with the power of 
enjoying its novelties and charms to excess, he lost sight and 
shunned the presence of his former monitress. His course was 
highly honourable to her and to himself. He had been taught 
the importance, and now he realized the lesson, of self control. 
The first use he made of his liberty was to acquaint Madame 
de Genlis, that until he was eighteen years of age he should 
visit her daily at Belle Chasse, to take his lessons as usual, and 
he kept his word. 

By the wish of Madame de Genlis, her exemplary pupil be- 
came a member of the Philanthropic Society. In her presence 
he was informed of a decree of the National Convention, an- 
nulling the rights of elder brothers : he embraced his brother 
the Due de Montpensier, w^hom he tenderly loved, and ex- 
claimed, '* Ah, how dehghted I am !" 

An earlier decree allowed colonels proprietors the option of 
either quitting the service, or assuming active command, in 
consideration of his high birth, the court had given two to 
the Due de Chartres. He entered the national service by re- 
taining one of the regiments, the I4th Dragoons, and in June, 
1791, he joined it in garrison at Vendome. 

Within a few days after taking the command of his regiment, 
he had bathed .in the river, and was dressing on the shore, 
.when one of the bathers was seized with a violent cramp,- and 
cried for assistance ; the Duke instantly jumped into the water, 
swam to. him, seized him by the hair, and at Hhe imminent 
hazard of his own life brought him to the shore. The man 
v/as a custom-house officer, and the next day he went to the 
Duke's with his wife and children, and threw himself in grati- 
tude at his feet The man w^as saved in the middle of the day, 
in presence of many spectators, and the humanity and courage 
of the Duke were rewarded with the solemn presentation of a 
civic crown by the city. He enclosed a leaf of it in an affec- 
tionate letter to Madame de Genlis, and warmly thanked her 
for having made him learn to swim. '^ In fact," says Madame 
de Genhs, when I sent him and his brothers to the swimming 
school, I often told them that it was a branch of knowledge 



£42 ANNALS OF THE 

they ought to acquire, both for themselves and for others. For 
the same reason I taught them to bleed and to dress wounds. 
During a whole winter I took them regularly to the Hotel Dieu, 
to dress the wounds of the poor." Such an education as Ma- 
dame de Genlis bestowed on the Due de Chartres and his bro- 
thers is unknown to England. 

About this time, the Due de Chartres, at the instigation of 
his father, the Due d'Orleans, became a member of the Jacobin 
club ; and at a meeting of the club in Vendome, on the 7th of 
August, 1791, he acquiesced in the principles of the revolu- 
tion, and laid on the table the decoration of the order of the 
Holy Ghost, which he had been accustomed to wear. He was 
then in his nineteenth year. That he had an enhghtened love 
of liberty was manifested by signal humanity and respect for 
order. A priest, who had refused to conform to the new con- 
stitution, was accused by the infuriated populace of Vendome 
with having derided the procession of a constitutional curate. 
The Due de Chartres courageously interposed, and rescued th© 
man at the moment he was about to perish under their brutal 
rage. 

The Duke marched with his regiment, and joined the army 
of the north. His first military .achievements were under Ge- 
neral Biron. He fought in the action of Quicoriun, on the 28th 
of April, 1792, and in the action of Bossu the next day. As 
mareschal de camp, under General Luckner, he commanded a 
brigade of cavalry in the action before CourtTay. In July, his 
brigade was detached, and served with the army, a 25,000 
men, ordered to oppose the Duke of Brunswick and 80,000 
Prussians. In the dilTerent engagements he was distinguished 
by valour and penetration i He attained the rank of lieutenant- 
general ; and on the 20th of September, commanded the se- 
cond line of Kellerman's army at the battle of Valmy. His 
obstinate defence of a mill in front of the village contributed 
mainly to the success of the day. He was offered the post of 
governor of Strasbourg, which he declined, because he must 
have remained inactive. He joined the army of Flanders 
under General Dumouriez, who entrusted him with the com- 
mand of the second column. On the 5th of November he bi- 
vouacked with his division on the heights of Jemappe, and, on 
the following day, commanded the centre of Dumouri^z's 
army in the decisive battle of Jemappe. He rallied a body of 
troops which fled in the heat of the engagement, and led them 
back to the charge ; his military abilities and persevering cou- 
rage were mentioned with high praise by Duniouriez in his 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 243 

despatches. On the 13th he headed the right wing of the 
army at Anderlecht ; entered Brussels with Dumouriez the 
next day ; and, on the 27th, was engaged for ten hours in the 
attack and rout of the Austrian rear-guard at Varroux, which 
put the French in possession of Liege. On these occasions, 
his brothers also had commands. 

in several other engagements the Due de Chartres com- 
manded with distinction. In a memorial by Dumouriez against 
the Due d'Orleans, he says, *' his sons have effectually served 
their country in the armies I commanded, without displaying, 
at any time, the least tinge of ambition. For the eldest of 
them [the Due de Chartres] I entertain the highest friendship, 
founded on the best merited esteem." 

^ After the execution of Louis XVL, Dumouriez, who had 
desired to see order restored to France under a constitutional 
monarchy, was unjustly suspected of designing to place the 
Due d'Orleans on the throne ; and the National Convention 
sent commissioners tOL arrest him. He seized the commis- 
sioners, and sent them prisoners to the Austrians, and, to save 
his own life, fled for protection within the Austrian lines. 
About the same time, the brave Due de Chartres and his 
brothers had been unjustly proscribed and declared outlaws, 
and a decree for their arrest was issued by the National Con- 
vention. Their crime was relationship to the late King. On 
the 6th of April, 1793, the Due de Chartres escaped to Mons, 
the head-quarters of the Prince of Saxe-Cobdurg. The Arch- 
duke Charles offered him a Lieutenant-Generalship, the. com- 
mand of a division in the Austrian service, and the honours 
due to his birth. These prt)ffer3 he immediately declined ; 
for he had resolved never to bear arms against his country : 
the only favour he required or accepted was a passport. His 
brothers were less fortunate. They were seized at Nice, and 
rigorously confined at Marseilles. Their father, tha Due 
d'Orleans, was dungeoned in the Conciergerie at Paris. Their 
mother had long been separated from him, and lived se- 
cluded. 

While the brothers had been thua engaged and were thus 
circumstanced, their sister, Mademoiselle d'Orleans, with whom 
they had been reared, was taken charge of by Madame de 
Genlis, and brought to England in October, 1791. The ladies 
resided about three months at Bath ; several months at Bury 
St. Edmunds, and made a tour through different parts of the ^ 
kingdom, and on account of their connexion with the late 
Duke, and their liberal sentiments, received many insults from 



244 ANNALS OF THE 

the insolence of emigrants of the old Court of France. In 
September, ITOS, the Convention issued a decree respecting 
emigrants, which compelled Madame de Genlis, for the sake 
of Mademoiselle d'Orleans, to return with her immediately to 
Paris. On the following day, they were ordered to quit Paris, 
within forty- eight hours, and France without delay. They 
retired to Tournay, and from thence, on tfe reconquest *of 
Flanders, to a temporary asylum at Zug, in Switzerland. 

The Due de Chartres remained at Mons only twenty-four 
hours, while his passport wss preparing, and with^ less than a 
hundred louis-d'ors, b^ing the whole df his wealth, set out 
for Sw itzerland, and joined his sister at Zug. The magistrates 
of the town would not permit them to remain, and they with- 
drew to Zurich, whence they were also expelled. From the 
moment of the Duke's arrival in Switzerland, he was perse- 
cuted by the aristocratical party there; and, knowing that 
Robespierre would hold his relatives in France responsible 
for his fliglit, he determined to disappear so completely that it 
should be supposed he was no longer in existence. He there- 
fore placed his sister in a convent, and afterward journeyed 
on foot to the loftiest mountains of the Alps ; but, not daring 
to show himself in places which are commonly the resort of 
the curious, he pursued an interesting and wholly unknown 
route. As he had left with his sister the little money which 
be possessed, he passed four months of his retreat in extreme 
penury and privation. On great days and holydays his expen- 
diture, the cost of lodging and diet for himself and a faithful 
valet, who could not be prevailed upon to quit him, amounted 
to 30 sols. (Is. 3d.) ; but, being at length reduced to his last 
louis, the Duke was obliged to relinquish his only servant. 

No man, more than the Due de Chartres, preserved by firm 
and prudent; demeanour the respect due to great misfortunes. 
Persons, who in the flourishing state of the Orleans family 
would have bent before him, had dared to treat him arrogantly. 
He was now scarcely twenty years of age ; had commanded 
in the field of battle, and shown the most impetuous and dis- 
tinguished gallantry ; and at this age, wben reason' scarcely 
begins to allay the heat of youthful blood, his firmness and 
constancy were unalterable. He calmly suffered the severity 
of his lot and harsh treatment without complaint, and without 
even seeming to regard them as out of the ordinary course. 
On the departure of his servant, which was about the end of 
the year 1793, he heard of a vacancy in the professorship of 
mathematics at Reichenau, a college of the Grisons, and, with 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCi3, 1830. 245 

'Others, he became a candidate for it, under a borrowed name : 
be satisfactorily replied to the questions of the examiners, and 
obtained the appointment. The name he assumed was Corby. 
He recollected it as belonging to a shoemaker in the Palais 
Royal ; and it served to recall to his mind his beloved country, 
and the palace of his ancestors. About this time Robespierre 
succeeded in obtaining the death of the Due d'Orleans, and 
consequently the Due de Chartres succeeded to his father'^ 
title. 

In the college of Riechenau the Due d'Orleans taught ma- 
thematics in the German language, besides geography, history, 
and the French and English languages ; and so won the affec- 
tion of the pupils by his kindness, and the respect of the 
masters by his intellectual attainments, that M. de Salis, who 
had persecuted him as Due d'Orleans without having known 
him personally, entertained great respect for the good sense 
and merits of the young professor of Reichenau, whom he 
knew only as M. Corby, and invited him to become the pre- 
ceptor of his sons. The duke declined, and for eight months 
he remained in his college, rising at four o'clock every morn- 
ing, and fulfilling his duties with scrupulous punctuality and 
care. The death of Robespierre, and a more moderate exer- 
cise of power in the succeeding government, removing his 
apprehensions for the safety of his mother and brothers, he re- 
linquished his professorship, with an honourable certificate of 
the services and abilities of M. Corby, from the authorities of 
the college. The simplicity of his manners prevented the least 
suspicion of his rank, and he vt/ithdrew to renew an affectionate 
correspondence with a few friends, who furnished him with a 
small sum of money. 

He desired to go to America, but there were difficulties he 
could not surmount, and he walked through several countries 
in Europe. He economized and maintained his health by 
travelling on foot, and in that manner, about the middle of 
1794, arrived at Hamburg. From thence he went to Copen- 
hagen, explored Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and visited 
the Mahlstrom, or Great Whirlpool, notwithstanding the dan- 
gers besetting the approach. He penetrated to the North 
Cape, and within thirteen degrees of the Pole, wandered in 
Finland, and returned by the way of Sweden to Hamburgh. 
On his route he had been recognised, and offered military 
command, which he refused, in pursuance of his resolve never 
to serve against France. His mind had expanded wijth his 
studies in the college of the Grisons, was strengthened by self- 

Y 



246 ANNALS OF THE 

examination and reflection in solitude, and was elevated by the 
sublime scenes of nature. Mixing with persons of all classes 
and opinions, he gained such a knowledge of mankind as few 
can attain. Perhaps such moral and physical acquirements 
were never united in an individual of such station ; and cer- 
tainly no individual of any station ever rose to such high moral 
dignity without severe and long probation in adversity. 

On the Due d'Orleans contemplating retirement to America, 
it was with a view of enabling himself to procure the means 
of existence. Some land in that country, which required 
clearing, was offered to him by an American: in answering 
the proposition he expressed himself in terms which beautifully 
exemplify his character. He says, " I am heartily disposed to 
labour for the acquisition of an independence. Misfortune has 
smitten, but, thank God, it has not prostrated me. I am more 
than happy that misfortunes in my youth prevented the forma- 
tion of habits difficult to break through, and that prosperity 
was snatched from me before I could either use or abuse it." 
He that has dispositions and feelings like these may be injured, 
but cannot be destroyed. A man that conquers himself is 
tinsubduable by the evils of life : in his integrity he smiles 
upon afflictions, as an able commander in an impregnable 
fortress during an assault, and holds out against the combined 
forces of the worhj. 

From before the escape of the Duke of Orleans to Mons in 
April 1793, and during his pedestrian wanderings, his brothers 
remained in prison, frequently apprehensive of death from the 
factions alternately ruHng in France. In 1796, while the Duke 
was in concealment in the dutchy of Holstein, and his brothers 
were in the fourth year of their imprisonment, he received a 
letter from his mother, in which she earnestly expresses a hope 
" that the prospect of relieving the misfortunes of his afflicted 
mother and his unhappy family may induce his generous spirit 
to contribute to the peace and security of his country." The 
Dutchess had received intimation that the French Executive 
Directory would liberate his brothers on condition that the 
Duke of Orleans left Europe, and that his brothers followed his 
example. This she informed him of, and his affectionate an- 
swer to her letter was : — ^' When my dearest mother shall have 
received this letter, her orders will have been executed — I shall 
already have departed for America. I seem to be in a dream 
when I think how soon I shall again embrace my brothers and 
be reunited to them. I, who formerly imagined that our sepa- 
ration was impossible. Think not, however, that in any thing 



REVOLUTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 247 

I complain of my destiny. Oh, no ! T feel too sensibly how 
much more frightful it might really be. I shall not even deem 
it unfortunate, if, after being restored to my brothers, I learn 
that my dear mother is also well and comfortable, and especially 
if I may indulge the thought of contributing in any manner to 
the tranquillity and happiness of France. For my country I 
cannot feel any thing personal as a sacrifice; and, while I live, 
there is none that I am not prepared to make her." He im- 
mediately prepared to embark for America under the stipula- 
tions of the Directory, and with their passport embarked at 
Hamburgh for an asylum in the transatlantic world. 

In October, 1796, the Duke of Orleans arrived at Philadel- 
phia, where in the course of a few months he experienced the 
pleasure of a most affectionate meeting with his brothers, the 
Due de Montpensier and the Count de Beaujolais, on their 
landing from France. They mutually resolved to part no 
more, and arranged a mode of living together in mutual happi- 
ness. They kept one servant, and, attended by him, made an 
extensive tour, in which they visited General Washington, who 
cordially and hospitably received and entertained them at Mount 
Vernon. On parting from their venerably host, they penetrated 
into the interior, went to the great lakes, traversed forests and 
savannas, and spent much time in living among the native 
Indians. On returning to Philadelphia, their residence in that 
city was enlivened by intelligent society, until they set out for 
New- York, whence they went to Massachusetts and other 
states, leisurely sojourning in each, particularly at New- Or- 
leans. They inquired into the institutions and government of 
the union and the different states, observed their operation, and 
acquainted themselves with the laws and constitution of Eng^ 
land. While thus occupied, they learned that their mother, the 
Dutchess of Orleans, had been forced into Spain. Anxiously 
desiring to see her, they proceeded down the Ohio and the 
Mississippi to the Havana, where the Duke of Orleans wrote 
to the King of Spain for permission to pass into that kingdom 
for the purpose of visiting her. After a tedious waiting of 
eighteen months at the Havana, an answer was returned to the 
application, and they embarked for the Isle of Providence, 
whence they sailed in an English vessel for Halifax. On their 
arrival they were kindly welcomed by the Duke of Kent, then 
Governor of Nova Scotia. Here they spent some time, during 
which the Duke of Kent entertained them handsomely, and 
frequently and pressingly invited them to take up their resi* 



248 ANNALS OF THE' 

dence in England. They returned to New-York, whence thef 
mailed in a packet-boat for Falmouth. 

In February, 1800, the Duke of Orleans with his brothers ar- 
rived in London, and was formally introduced at the court of 
St. James's. After a short stay, the Duke of Orleans made an 
effort to see his mother, and sailed for a Spanish port, but in 
consequence of the war he was not allowed to land, the ship 
was ordered away, and he returned, smarting with disappoint- 
ment, to England, The three brothers took up their residence 
at Twickenham, and lived in retirement, frowned upon from 
Hartwell, where Louis XYIL lived with the Count d'Artois 
(afterward Charles X.), the Due d'Angouleme, and the rest of 
the Bourbon family, in the midst of adherents to the old regime. 
The independent spirit and the known liberal sentiments of 
the Due d' Orleans and his brothers were not to be tolerated. 
Neither of the brothers would accept a shilling from the En- 
glish Government, and the Royalists at Hartwell were all in the 
receipt of pensions — ^this was an additional offence — such an 
offence as could only have been committed by those who loved 
their country better than the *' right divine of kings to govern 
wrong." Slights of this kind such culprits were well able to 
bear, and they spent their time in mutual instructions and ra- 
tional pleasures, without an inroad upon their happiness till the 
health of the two younger brothers declined. The Duke de 
Montpensier fell into a consumption, and to the inexpressible 
grief of his brothers died in May, 1807. He was buried in 
Westminster Abbey. This affliction increased certain symp- 
toms of the same disease in the Count de Beaujolais. In the 
following year he was advised to go to a milder climate, and 
was attended to Malta by the Due d'Orleans, whose attentions 
to him were unremitting and unavailing ; for he died a few days 
after their landing. Thus bereaved, the Due d'Orleans left 
Malta for Messina, and visited the court of Palermo. Thence 
he went to Gibraltar, and thence returned to England. 

The Duke's sister, Mademoiselle d'Orleans, whom in 179S 
he had placed in a convent at Bremgarten, had removed to 
the convent of Fribourg under the protection of her aunt the 
Princess Conti. They afterward went to Bavaria, and into 
Hungary, where Mademoiselle d'Orleans remained until the 
Princess died. In 1802, her mother, the venerable Dutchess 
of Orleans, then residing in Catalonia, wishing to see her once 
more, sent a lady to conduct her from Presburg, and in the 
month of March they joyfully met after a separation of many 
years, and lived together at Figueras. In 1808 the French ia- 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 249 

vaded Spain, suddenly bombarded Figuerag, and the ladies 
were compelled to escape in the night, and seek shelter with 
the Spaniards in arms. Information of their situation reached 
the Dae d'Orleans. He arranged to convey them from the 
scene of war. The Dutchess preferred to remain in Spain, but 
sent her daughter to join the Duke. Mademoiselle d'Orleans, 
expecting to find her brother at Malta, arrived there after his 
departure ; she sought him at Gibraltar with like ill success ; 
she then came to England, and missed him at London. Hast- 
ening to Portsmouth she met with him just as he was about to 
embark in an English frigate for the Mediterranean, and they 
sailed together for Palermo. 

At the former visit of the Due d'Orleans to the court of 
Sicily, he had become attached to the Princess Amelia, daugh- 
ter of Ferdinand IV., who had been educated by a lady of sin- 
gular merit. This princess possessed many amiable qualities 
and domestic qualifications, which she had exercised in a sea- 
son of adversity, to the astonishment of most, and the admira- 
tion of all, of the court ladies. In 1 798, on the invasion of the 
French, she had been hastily driven from Italy, to take refuge 
in Sicily with her brother, a child of six years, who perished 
during the horrors of a tempestuous and dangerous voyage. 
On her landing, nothing had been prepared, she was in distress 
from the death of her brother — in a new residence — in a strange 
country, with a iif ifling pittance. Notwithstanding rigid eco- 
nomy, she endured many privations ; but the qualifications she 
had derived from an excellent education her industry turned to 
account, and she presetted herself from dependence. This 
was the lady whom the Due d'Orleans esteemed, and she equally 
esteemed him. It was on a visit to her that he embarked with 
his sister. At Palermo the marriage between the duke and 
the princess was settled. Besides his sister, he had but one 
dear relative — his mother ; and he was anxious that both should 
be present at the ceremony — the only ceremony in the world, 
perhaps, that contributed to his happiness. He had commis- 
sioned the Chevalier de Broval to arrange the means of con- 
ducting his venerated parent from a Spanish port to the island 
of Minorca ; and the Duke himself sailed to Port Mahon, and 
conducted her to Palermo, where, for the first time in sixteen 
years, the members of the Orleans family met together on the 
25th of November, 1809, when the Duke's marriage was so- 
lemnized. 

In May, 1810, the regency of Cadiz sent a frigate with de- 
spatches to the Due d'Orleans, requesting him to accept of a 

Y2 



25Q ANNALS OF THE 

military command in Catalonia. He went on board — landed 
at Saragossa — was received with distinguished honours — viewed 
the fortifications of the place — hastened to Cadiz — but the 
commission he had been solicited to receive was withheld. 
The government of Spain was divided by faction, and he re- 
turned to Palermo in September, a few days after the birth of 
his first son. Shortly afterward pohtical dissensions com- 
menced in Sicily, and agitated the island for four years. In 
these the duke took no part except to conciliate. During this 
period he had another son and two daughters. 

On the recall of Louis XVIII. to France, by the operations 
of the combined army, the Due d'Orleans proceeded to Paris 
alone, where he made a short stay, and then returned to Sicily 
for his family. Shortly after their arrival, Louis XVIII. ap- 
pointed him colonel-general of the Hussars. On the news of 
Napoleon's landing from Elba, in March 1815, the king or- 
dered the duke to Lyons ; but effectual resistance could not 
be made in that quarter, and the duke hastened back to Paris. 
On the 16th the king appointed him to command the army of 
the North, with the Duke of Treviso (Mortier). The duke 
adopted every possible means to secure the fidelity of the 
troops to the royal cause. The king was at Lisle, in person. 
It was his desire to make a stand there with the household 
troops, and the force that could be obtained from the National 
Guard, but all endeavour was fruitless, and to avoid capture 
he hastened away. On the 24th, the Due d'Orleans followed 
him. A French paper reports that, yhen the duke took leave^ 
of his officers, he said to one of themj '' Go, and resume the 
national cockade. I feel honoured by having worn it, and 
would wish to wear it still." If he said this, it was in refer- 
ence to his having served under the tri-colour early in the revo- 
lution. On quitting Lisle he addressed the following letter to' 
Mortier : — 

" My dear Marshal, — I give up to you entirely the com- 
mand which I have had the happiness of exercising conjointly 
with you in the department of the North. I am too good a 
Frenchman to sacrifice the interests of France because new 
misfortunes compel me to quit it. I go to hide myself in re- 
tirement and oblivion. It only remains for me to release you 
from all the orders which I have given you, and to recommend 
you to do what your excellent judgment and patriotism may 
suggest as best for the interests of France. 

^< Louis PHiiipPE d'Okleans. 



REVOLUflON IN FIlANCE, 1830. £51 

On this letter being shown to Napoleon, he turned to the 
Duke de Bassano, and said, ^* See what the Duke of Orleans 
has written to Mortier. This letter does him honour ; he 
always had a French heart." 

During the Hundred Days, the Due d'Orleans retired to 
England ; and Louis XVIII. was again seated on the throne 
of France. The Duke returned to Paris, but visited this 
country afterward. In the summer of 1816 he was residing 
at Twickenham and received a respectful invitation from the 
Society for the relief of Distressed Schoolmasters to honour 
their annual dinner in London with his company. He ad- 
dressed an answer to the Treasurer of the Society, regretting 
his inability to attend, enclosing a liberal donation for the cha- 
rity, and adding, " that among the motives which made him feel 
an attachment to school-masters was that of having been him- 
self once a member of the profession. It was one of the 
many vicissitudes which had fallen to his lot, that, at a period 
of severe distress and persecution, he had good luck of being 
admitted as teacher in a college, where he gave lessons re- 
gularly for the space of eight months. He hoped, therefore, 
that the Society for distressed Schoolmasters would permit him 
to tender his mite as a fellow-schoolmaster." It is affirnoed that 
some prophecies have a double sense. Mr. Brougham's me- 
morable saying, " the Schoolmaster is abroad," and his views 
of what the Schoolmaster was capable of effecting were in one 
sense almost prophetic. The Due d'Orleans, of ancient royal 
ancestry, and affianced to royalty — with the blood of Henry the 
Great running in his veins — with a landed income far greater 
than the richest in France to support his title — voluntarily fell into 
the ranks of a Society of Schoolmasters, and called himself '* a 
fellow Schoolmaster." True, indeed, it is, figuratively, that " the 
schoolmaster is abroad ;" and that, figuratively and literally, "the 
schoolmaster is enthroned," and teaching nations how to live. 

It happened that, in the same year, 1816, during the absence 
of the late Duke of Kent at Brussels, his birth-day, November 
2, was celebrated by a splendid public festival, at Fishmongers* 
Hall, and the Due d'Orleans, as a personal and warmly-attached 
friend of the Duke of Kent, was one of the numerous guests. 
On giving the health of the royal visiter, the Lord Mayor, as 
chairman, particularly congratulated him on many circum- 
stances connected with his residence in England. The Due 
d'Orleans returned thanks in a brief but elegant address, de- 
livered with peculiar fluency and force. He had been engaged, 
he said, as was flatteringly observed by the Lord Mayor, in 



25f ANNALS OF THE 

rearing his infant family in this country, and the best acknow* 
ledgment he could make, in return for the many kindnesses he 
had received here, was the assurance that, in his parental in- 
structions, he should ever inculcate in the minds of his chil- 
dren the purest principles of the British constitution, and an 
endearing attachment to its institutions and liberties. There 
existed a warm friendship between the Due d'Orleans and the 
late Duke of Kent, who a short time before his death wrote a 
letter with this passage : — '^ the Due d'Orleans is my particular 
friend, and I consider him, without a single exception, as one 
of the most judicious and sensible men that I ever knew, or 
can ever hope to know, lie is perfectly well disposed ; but 
has many illiberal enemies among those who, with most cruel 
injustice, visit upon him their just hatred of the father." 

Paul Courier, vine dresser, a French writer, distinguished 
for talent and honoured for honesty, two qualities seldom com- 
bined, in a letter printed in 1822, says : — 

'' I love the Duke of Orleans, because, although born a 
prince, he deifjned to become a man. He never made any pro- 
mise to me ; but, had the occasion occurred, I would have 
trusted in him, and, the compact once made, I think he would 
have adhered to it without deception, without deliberating 
about it with gentlemen, or consulting Jesuits on the subject. 
My reason for thinking so is this :■ — He is of our own time — 
this age, not of another ; and has seen little of what we call 
the ancient r^egime. He fought in our ranks, and therefore is 
not afraid of interior officers. He afterward became an emi- 
grant, contrary to his wish ; but he never made war against us, 
knowing too well what was due to his native soil, and that one 
cannot be in the right against one's country. He was aware 
of that and many other things which are not to be learned in 
the rank to which he belonged. Fortune willed that he should 
descend from that rank, and while young live like ourselves. 
In France he fought our common enemies ; out of France he 
laboured for his daily bread. It cannot be said of him that 
> he has forgot nothing, and learned nothing.' Among for- 
eigners his business was instruction, not asking alms. He 
did not urge Pitt nor implore Cobourg to avenge the cause 
of aristocracy by ravaging our plains and burning our vil- 
lages. Since his return he has not founded masses and semi- 
naries, nor endowed convents, at our expense ; but, respectable 
in his conduct and in his morals, he has given an example 
which preaches better than the missionaries. Tn a word, he is 
a good man. For my part, I wish that all princes were like 



HEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 18S0. 253 

him : none of them would lose by that, and we should be 
gainers. If he should ever govern he will put many things in 
order, not merely by the prudence which he may possess, but by 
another virtue not less considerable, but too little celebrated — 
I mean his economy ; a citizen-like quality, if you will, which 
the court abhors in a prince, but which is so valuable, so ex- 
cellent, for us tax-payers. What do I say ? — so divine, that 
with it I would almost quit him for every other quality. 
While I speak of him in this way, it is not because I know 
him better than you ; nay, perhaps I do not know him so wellj 
having never seen him. I know only what is said ; but the 
public is not stupid, and can judge princes, for they live in 
public. Neither is it because I am his partizan, for I have 
never been of any man's party, I do not follow any one ; for 
I do not seek my fortune in revolutions and counter-revolutions, 
which always turn to the profit of some folks. Born one of 
the people, I remain in my place by choice ; and, were I 
obliged to choose, I should still be of the party of the people-— 
of the peasants like myself." 

When the Duo d'Orleans settled in France, after the Hun- 
dred Days, he quietly retired within his domestic circle. His 
children have been educated with the care which it may be 
imagined such parents would affectionately bestow on the off- 
spring of their affection. Their mother, in every sense an 
excellent woman, has found constant employment in the regu- 
lation of her household, and in the education and management 
of her daughters. It is a happy family, characterized by a 
simplicity of manners inexplicable to people of fashion. 

The chief estate of the Due d'Orleans is the Palais Royal, 
so called from Louis XIII. and the Queen regent, with th@ 
Royal Family, having taken up their residence there in 1643. 
It was originally commenced in 16^9 by the Cardinal Riche- 
lieu as a mere hotel, but by his enlargements it at length as- 
sumed the name of the Palais Cardinal. It was presented by 
him to Louis XIII. , who formed the Place du Palais Royal in 
front of it to afford apartments to Louis XIV. He, on com- 
ing to the throne, increased the Palais Royal in size, and gave 
it to Philippe of Orleans, Due de Chartres, upon his marriage 
with Marie Fran^oise de Bourbon. It was afterward suc- 
cessively modified, rebuilt, and embellished. In the former 
revolution it was called the Palais EgaHte, and after the death 
of the late Due d'Orleans was converted into caf6s, ball-rooms, 
and places for gambling. In 1795 a military commission was 
established here, and it was the residence of the president an«J 



^54 ANNALS OF THE 

other officers: it was then called the Palais du Tribunat. On 
the return of Louis XVIIf ., in 1814, the present Dae d'Orleans 
furnished it for his own residence. Daring the Hundred Days 
Lucien Buonaparte established himself in the Palais Royal 
and received the ministers and grand dignitaries of Napoleon, 
On the return of the King, the Due d'Orleans resumed pos- 
session of the Palais Royal. The Duke's principal business 
and recreation in Paris have consisted in altering and improv- 
ing this edifice, and in planting and adorning the gardens : 
his works of this kind have enabled him to give daily employ- 
ment to upwards of 500 persons. He has been a judicious 
promoter of art, and contributed largely to the diffusion of 
useful knowledge and enlightened opinions. 

Since the Due d'Orleans finally settled in France, he has 
appeared very little in public affairs, and was seldom heard of 
but through the revilings of courtiers. The breaker of the 
prisoner's cage at St. Michael's, the proscribed and exiled of 
his country, the pennyless wanderer in the high Alps, the teacher 
of the mathematics in the Grisons, the pedestrian traveller 
to the North Pole, the traverser of the American wilds, 
the observer of the people of despotic and free states, the stu- 
dent of the laws and usages of nations, the valiant warrior, the 
accomplished scholar, the lover of truth, the practical philoso- 
pher, the friend of Washington and Lafayette, knew all that 
passed, and said nothing. The cherished advisers of the living 
representative of divine right on the throne of France were emi- 
nent intriguers and fanatic priests, hoary in ignorance and su- 
perstition — believers in few things credible and in all things 
incredible, — confirmed disbelievers of " facts and revolutions,'* 
which they knew of and had witnessed. By them and by their 
master the opinions of the Due d'Orleans were derided, and 
his advice scorned. H^ad he lifted his voice aloud he would 
have excited their imperishable hate, and perhaps fallen a vic- 
tim to precautionary malice. He could not be the counsellor 
of him who counselled only with fools and flatterers, and he 
would not be the instigator of the people. He knew that the 
ripening of knowledge was not to be hastened, and that until 
ripened it would not work its perfect work. Wisely, therefore, 
he had calmly observed in silence the march of events which 
commenced with the principles that he grew up with, and with 
which he knew the procession would terminate. To ac- 
knowledge these principles was not etiquette at court. They 
had demanded introduction and were refused. The people 
determined to stay the plague of legitimacy — the principles 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. ^65 

burst in — Charles X. bowed, and fell before them, as Dagon 
fell before the ark — and the schoolmaster of the Grisons be- 
came King of the French. An old courtier eagerly knelt to kiss 
his hands ; Louis Philippe I., with the tri-colour on his heart, 
drew back, ^' We shall have done with this !" he said, and of- 
fered his hand for a friendly shake ; the courtier drew back in rec- 
tum; '^ By the holy bottle of the holy oil of Rheims," exclaimed 
the terrified ex-minion, " this is not a Kingr^ 



FUIiL ACCOUNT 



CEIiEBRATION 



REVOIiFTIOSr IN FRAXCE^ 



CITY OF NEW-YORK, 

ON THE 25th NOVEMBER, 1830: 

BEING THE FORTY-SEVENTH ANNIVERSARY OF AN EVENT THAT 

RESTORED OUR CITIZENS TO THEIR HOMES 

AND TO THE ENJOYMENT 



OP 



THEIR RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES, 



BY 

MYER MOSES. 



J 



REMARKS. 



If there be any event calculated to excite the noblest feelings 
of our nature^, it is that of a great nation successfully contending 
against tyranny and oppression. The struggles and sufferings 
of the Greeks in the cause of freedom, elicited our warmest 
sympathy. Their emancipation from Turkish slavery was 
hailed by us with a generous enthusiasm, commensurate only 
to the subsequent disappointment occasioned by the annihilation 
of the hopes we had formed of the estabhshment of freedom 
upon the ruins of despotism, in that land where a republic had 
once so gloriously flourished. The crowned despots, who, under 
the guise of humanity, interposed between the heroic Greeks 
and their Moslem oppressors, willed it otherwise ; and the de- 
scendants of Lycurgus and of Aristides, of Xenophon and of 
Pericles, read their destiny in the fetters which they are doomed 
to wear, as the vassals of some crowned despot. 

The recent glorious and unprecedented revolution in France^ 
which the world beholds with amazement, and regards with ad- 
miration, presents to us a picture of a more cheering descrip- 
tion. We behold a great nation majestically resume its rights, 
and severing in a moment the chains which a vile despotism 
attempted to fasten upon it. Tyranny, resistance, and vic- 
tory followed in a space so brief, as to seem the effect of mi- 
racle. The revolution was efffected : its consequences will be 
felt by all nations, and extended to future ages. No individual 
can claim the merit of having originated it. Austerlitz had 
its Napoleon — Waterloo had its Wellington ; but the victory of 
Paris belongs alone to its heroic people. It has been achieved 
by the people, and for the people ; and to them attaches an 
unrivalled glory, whose brightness shall serve as a guiding 
light to the world, until nations cease to exist. 

During the twenty-five years which the Bourbons had been 
exiled (a period of regeneration and grandeur for France), 
the condition of society and government had been changed : 
the principles of equality had been introduced into the former, 
and that of liberty into the latter. Restored in 1814 by the 
enemies of vanquished France — the armies of all Europe com- 
bined — the Bourbons were incapable of appreciating those 



4 GELEBRATION OF THE 

institutions, which had rendered France enlightened and great?,, 
and which had cost oceans of blood, and millions of treasure^ 
to establish. Their first essay at innovation was to proscribe 
that flag whose variegated colours had, during one quarter 
of a century, shed a lustre over France, and led her sons |p 
victory and to glory. As a substitute, they displayed that 
standard which had been so often covered by defeat and dis- 
grace. They at once showed themselves to be the dynasty 
of the priests and emigrants, and surrendered to their crea- 
tures the government, and all else that belonged to, and was^ 
dear to the people. It was impossible that liberal and enlight- 
ened France could long endure such a state of things. Be- 
tween the nation changed by the revolution, and the dynasty 
of the Bourbons, there existed an incompatibility which placed 
♦ reconciliation out of the question ; a contest between the 
two flags, the white and the tri-coloured — between the two 
principles, despotism and liberty — between the emigrants and 
the mass of the nation, was unavoidable. It was necessary 
that the Bourbons should vanquish and enslave France for 
ever, or that France^ by a bold and determined blow, should 
exterminate the Bourbons from the land which they had dis- 
graced. That great question has been decided : mistaking 
the moderation of the people for weakness, their patience 
for fear, the oppressors heaped wrong upon wrong, until the 
eup was filled to overflowing. The fire was now to kindle : 
the blaze was lighted by the heroic Parisians^ and the three 
days of their brilliant illumination soon spread throughout re- 
generated France. The king of France '* by the grace of 
God," whose misrule had made him and his royal house exiles 
for ever from the land of their fathers, had ceased to govern ; 
and the people, who had conquered for themselves, were fully 
competent to reflect, and to decide for themselves. France^ 
beautiful France, now happy and free, illustrates the power 
vested in the majesty of the people. 

It is not difficult to foretel the consequences which must 
result from this glorious event. A revolution in France is a 
revolution in Europe — her position constitutes her a centre of 
motion, and the slightest agitation which affects her, causes a 
vibration through every other part of the world. Belgium has 
already manifested its influence, in the successful accomplish- 
ment of her freedom and independence. A few noble and 
patriotic souls have raised the shout of liberty in the now 
gloomy regions of Spain and Portugal, which will reverberate 
triumphantly through their vine-cls^d mountain.^ aijcl festije valf 



UEVOLUTION IN TRANCE, 1830. B 

leys. Prussia will feel its effects in Poland, and in its own do* 
minions. Austria trembles for its consequences in Italy and 
Germany ; and even in Great Britain the cause of reform will 
be advanced by it, in a manner the most effectual. Russia^ 
remote as she is, with her extensive territory, her millions of 
population, her vassals^ her lords, and her absolute government, 
swayed with a despot's power, yet has had scattered within 
her dominions sparks of the great fire wafted from revolution- 
ary France ; they will not become extinguished — some patriot 
hand will J^eep them alive. 

In our own happy country, the sympathy which it has ex- 
cited has been general and overwhelming. Statesmen, orators, 
poets, all contend in amicable rivalry for the honour of be- 
coming its eulogists. The gallant veteran of our own glo- 
rious revolution, animated by the triumph of our ancient 
ally, grows young again in the recollection of his former 
achievements ; with honest exultation he beholds his com- 
patriot and fellow-soldier, the great and gallant Lafayette, by 
the unanimous acclamation of his chivalric countrymen, ex- 
alted to that distinguished situation to which his godlike devo- 
tion in the sacred cause of liberty so pre-eminently entitles 
him. Our yeomanry, the zealous advocates of liberty, the de- 
fenders of the oppressed and persecuted of the regions of the 
earth, the legitimate possessors of feelings and principles by 
the right of heritage from patriot fathers ; freemen, not be- 
cause they are the offspring of the Republic^ but because they 
are noble in mind and exalted m character — because they look 
far beyond their own happy country, and rejoice or regret as 
their fellow-man becomes unfettered of the chains of tyranny, 
or sinks the devoted victim of the oppressor's wrongs : — with 
such a race of men, how boundless the sympathy, how im- 
measurable the excitement in all that relates to France and to 
Frenchmen ; to that beautiful land that rose from the ruins 
and devastation of long-protracted wars, and that replaced 
what the invader's band had despoiled, with a brilliancy and 
lustre that bedazzled the admiring world — to that nation of 
men, identified for the last forty years with all the great poli- 
tical events of the world, and with the most glorious and war- 
like achievements that the annals of history can produce ; look- 
ing back to the battle of Jemmapes, tracing the long chain of 
brilliant victories, and at last resting the finger upon that link 
which points to Lutsen and Bautzen, These men, and the 
sons of these men, liave, for themselves and for posterity, broken 
the sceptre of despotism : they now stand in the erect and 

1* 



6 CELKBR ATIOI^f OF THl ■ 

noble position of man. What their magnanimity claimed frotH' 
us, they have — our sympathies, our rejoicings. For their hap- 
piness and prosperity we offer up our wishes, our hopes, and our 
desires. For the perpetuity of their institutions based upon 
liberal principles, a solemn invocation to Almighty God. 

One other cause existed ; one other motive influenced ; one 
other feeling excited and pervaded all ranks of the people 
of this country — the good, the virtuous, the patriotic Lafayette. 
As in '' 1776" so was he found in '' 1789 ;" as in " '89" so 
was he to be approached in ^' 1830," — the firm, undeviating 
advocate of the rights of man. Was this not enough to make 
proud his fellow-citizens of this Republic, to raise the smile 
of approbation upon the furrowed cheek of his veteran asso- 
ciate, to rouse a spirit of exultation in their sons, to spread a 
great glory and rejoicing, and to proclaim from the mountain's 
top, and from the recess of the valley that our own Lafayette 
— he, true to the principles that moved him to action in early 
youth — sought the standard of freedom, fought and conquered 
under it, and returning home triumphant, he gave to his 
native France his love, but to liberty his devotion. Firm and 
consistent, for forty years he has braved the storms of revolu- 
tion. The advocate of Liberty, he rallied around her banner, 
and was alone impelled by her destinies. Now, in green old 
age, he stands in his regenerated land, as his and our dear 
Washington did in ours, ^' First in war, first in peace, and firsfe 
in the hearts of his countrymen." 



PRIMARY MEETING, 

Held at Westchester House, Oct. 6th, 1830, by the Working: 
Men of the city of New-York, to take into consideration the 
propriety of celebrating the late glorious Rfwolution in France 

The meeting being organized, the following resolutions were 
submitted by Mr. Robert Walker, and unanimously adopted: — 

Resolved, That this meeting cannot but express their admi- 
ration and esteem for the brave and magnanimous daring of 
their brother mechanics and working men of Paris, who, rising 
in their strength, regardless of consequences to themselves, nobly 
burst asunder the chains which an ignorant and bigoted aris- 
tocracy had forged to subvert the rights and liberties of France. 

Animated by a desire of discharging the debt of gratitude- 
which every friend of freedom feels himself under to thes©^ 
noble heroes, be it 



9th 


<; 


John Alwaise. 


10th 


a 


Eben'r. Whiting. 


11th 


u 


James Wheeler. 


12th 


6i 


Thomas Cooper. 


13th 


6i 


Robert Hogbin. 


14th 


a 


Andrew Jackson 



liEt^OLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 7 

Resolved, That a Committee of one from each Ward be ap- 
pointed to prepare an address and call a public meeting for the 
purpose of congratulating (to use the words of that veteran of 
liberty, Lafayette) '* the glorious Parisian population," on the 
happy result of their noble devotion and sacrifices to the cause 
of the liberties of mankind. 

In accordance with the last resolution, the following persons 
were named : 

1st Ward, Willoughby Lynde. TUh Ward, Geo. H. Evans. 
2d " John Ditchett. 
3d '' Joel Curtis. 
4th '* George Anderson. 
5th *' Robert Walker. 
6th " Henry Durell. 
7th " David Byng. 

Resolved, That Mr. Paul M. P. Durando be added to the 
committee. 

Resolved, That this meeting adjourn. 

JOSEPH PERKINS, Chairman. 

Edw. C. Cooper, Secretary. 

It was contemplated to have convened the above committee 
on the evening of the 8th, but the fast approaching period of 
the elections throughout the state, and the general excitement 
that prevailed with all the conflicting parties, induced the com- 
mittee to defer any farther arrangements, until that period, 
when all parties having exercised their right of active exertion 
and their right of suffrage, should be restored to that calm of 
feeling, which always in our happy country succeeds the storm 
of political contest ; accordingly, no measures in advance of 
the grateful object contemplated were adopted until therneet- 
ingheld at Westchester House, November 8th, 1830^ 



CELEBRATION OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. 

At a meeting of the Committee of Mechanics and Working 
Men, appointed by a public meeting of their fellow-citizens,, 
held at the Westchester House, Bowery, Nov. 8, 1830, in the 
absence of the chairman, Mr. Robert Walker was called to 
the chair, and John Alwaise appointed Secretary ; the sub- 
jpined resolution was adopted. 

Resolved, that in order to render the coiatemplated' eele 



CELEBRATION OF THE 



bration more effective, and to divest it of all party feeling, the 
committee increase their numbers, by adding to the list the 
names of the following citizens. 



Willoughby Lynde 
John Ditchett 
Joel Curtis 
George Anderson 
Robert Walker 



ORIGINAL COMMITTEE. 

Henry Durell 
David Byng 
George H. Evans 
John Alwaise 
Ebenezer Whitinof 



James Wheeler 
Thos. Cooper 
Robert Hogbin 
Andrew Jackson 
R M. P. Durando 



Walter Bowne 
Thos. Hertell 
M. M. Noah 
H. C. Stinemets 
George D. Strong 
Joseph Dreyfous 
John B. Cazeaux 
Henry Riell 
Joel P. White 
Billings Hayward 
R. C. M'Cormick 
George Deloines 

A. Brunei 
Fulgence Chegary 
John Bruce 

• — — - Chevrolat 
Peter Mondon 
James R. Page 
Addison Hill 
C. B. Marshall 
John Haggerty 
John P. White 
Joseph Perkins 
John Remick 
Russel White 
Jonathan Osborn 

B. J. Meserole 
J. M. Jaquelin 
General Morton 
Elisha W. King 

P. C. M. Andrews 
Francis Pares 



ADDITIONAL NAMES. 

Gen. Lamb 
N. Schureman 
George Seaman 
Henry S. Watson 
Henry Durell 
W. W. Russell 
George Gorum 
Seth Geer 
Azariah Ross 
Wm. P. Hallett 
Gideon Tucker 
Campbell P. White 
Henry W. Titus 
Jona. Thompson 
Daniel Gorham 
Francis Kain 
John Holly 
Charles Mills 
G. C. Verplanck 
Wm. H. Bunn 
John Swain 
Francis Cutting 
C. C. Cambreleng 
John Ferguson, Na- 
val Officer 
George C. Morgan 
Wm. Froment 
John Lang 
Archibald Tappan 
John L Mumford 
Alex. Brady 
Col. G. P. Morris 



G. C. Verplanck 
T. M. W. Young 
Jona. Thompson 
O. W. M. Price 

Peter Stagg 
Isaac Webb 
John Webb 
Geo. W. Niven 
Isaac Smith 
Joseph C. Hart 

Vouthier 

Louis Gayot 
Dr. J. Dekay 
Clarkson. Crolius 
Henry Hone 
David Austin 
Albert Gallatin 
James Monroe 
S. L. Gouverneur 
Thomas H. Green 
Capt. Monroe 
Ebenezer Ford 
E. J. Webb 
John Eastmond 
Thos. H. Legget 
E. McGaraghan 
Charles O'Conner 
Cass. Childs 
Henry S. Meeks 
FitzG. Hallock 
Alfred S. Pell 
C, Darbefeuille 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 



9 



Barnabas Bates 
Wm. Jas. M'Neven 
Jacob Perkins 
Paul Grout 
E. Bijota 
James Palmer 
James W. Webb 
Daniel Jackson 
Israel Pinckney 
S. T. McKinney 
Reuben Withers 
Jas. G. Bennet 
Philip Hone 
Danl. Ward 
Jonathan Marshall 
James A. Robinson 
John Robinson 
George Bruce 
John Hillyer 
Wm. Leavins 
Thos. Tate 
Wm. Kelly 
Fred. S. Cozzens 
John Y. Cebra 
P. Pitou" 
Henry McKee 
N. Darling 
D. C.Pell 
Robert Emmett 
Oliver M. Lowndes 
H. L. Glen 
Levi F. Prescott 
John Dean 
John Paterson 
M. Van Schaick 
John Frazee 
Wm. H. Ball 
Peter King 
George W. Arnold 
S. Sherlette 
J. PL Potts 
Henry Eckford 
James Shaw 
Wm. S. Coe 



Anthony Haff 
Wm. H. Peck 
Mordecai Myers 
E. C. Coopet 
J. J. Cameron 
Thomas Wills 
John F. Sibell 
Saml. Swartwout 
Joseph Baggot 
Adam Thompson 
John L. Graham 
James Morgan 
Elijah F. Purdy 
J. W. Barney 
Col. Murray 
Col. N. F. Arnold 
Charles Wilkes 
Isaac Wright 
D. Crassous 
John Harris 
Simon Clannon 
John Fowler 
Cornelius McLean 
John Morrison 
Joseph Hunt 
Preserved Fish 
Elisha Tibbitts 
Charles Egleson 
Isaac Pierce 
Gen. Doughty 
John L. Graham 
Hugh Maxwell 
Gen. Manley 
Andrew Wilson 
David Rogers 
Dudley Selden 
George Curtis 
Silas M. Stillwell 
John M. Bloodgood 
Gen. Spicer 
David M'Gee 
Samuel Lloyd 
Joseph Durell 
Wm. Geib 



Joseph Perkins 
Jacob Wyckoflf 
Nicholas Dean 
Richard Riker 
Henry Crevolin 
Dennis McCarthy 
Edward M'Ginni© 
Gen. Muir 
Robert M'Queen 
John Lozier 
John Latham 
Oliver White 
Abm. Kershaw 
Jacob Lorillard 
Gideon Lee 
David Bryson 
Thos. W. Harper 
Com. Chauncey 
W. Seaman 
Col. Trumbull 
Henry Egbert 
Rembrandt Peale 
Judge Oakley 
Benjamin Bailey 
Asher Martin 
Peter Young 
Timothy Woodruff 
Thos. Snowden 
John R. Peters 
Doctor Pascalis 
Doct. Peixotto 
Duncan Phyfe 
Col. Alexr. Ming, jr. 
W. B. Townsend 
Michael Burnham 
Amos Butler 
Myer Moses 
Mr. Stanislaus 
Mr. Denman (Editor 

Truth Teller) 
Wm, Marshall 
Jeremiah Dodge 
Peter Pinckney 
J. W. Walker 



10 CELEBRATION OF THE 

David Ramsay Maturin Livingston Elias Wade, Jr. 

S. Van Rensselaer Col. Varick Isaac Cross 

Morgan Lewis Abm. Martling Nicholas C. Everett 

Nicholas Fish Ogden Hoffman Thomas Whale 

Wm. W. Gilbert Col. Charles King Doct. Kipp 
Comfort Sands Col. diaries Mapes A. Le Foy 

Dr. McCormick Lt 'v., of the Navy Amos Palmer 
Governor Yates J i lesca John Wallis 

Gen. Coates C ^. iojims, Jr. Joseph Mount 

J. Sands (Brooklyn) 

On motion, E.esolved, that the recent triumph of Liberty in 
France be celebrated in this city, on the 26th inst. 

On motion, Resolved, that this committee adjourn, to meet 
on Friday evening next, Nov. 12, at 7 o'clock, at Tammany 
Hall, and that the above named citizens consider themselves 
members of the committee, and as such are respectfully invited 
to attend. 

On motion. Resolved, that the daily and weekly papers in 
this city be requested to publish the foregoing proceedings 
including the list of names. 

ROBERT WALKER, Chairman. 
John Alwaise, Secretary. 

At a subsequent meeting of the original Committee, it was 
resolved that the Hon. James Monroe be requested to act as 
President of the meeting to be held at Tammany Hall on the 
12th in;^tant ; and the Hon. Walter Bowne, and Judge Herttell, 
were Appointed a committee to address him upon the subject. 
The following correspondence took place upon this interesting 
occasion. 

New-Yokk, Nov. 12th, 1830. 

The Committee of Mechanics and Working Men, and other 
citizens of New-York, appointed by a public meeting held at 
the Westchester House on the 8th inst. to make arrangements 
to celebrate the recent glorious triumph of Liberty in France, 
respectfully invite Col. Monroe, late President of the United 
States, to preside at the meeting to be held this evening at 
Tammany Hall, to adopt measures to celebrate the great event 
in a suitable manner. 

The Committee, in making this request of their venerable 
and highly esteemed fellow- citizen, are fully aware of the truth, 
and duly appreciate the facts, that the earliest efforts of his 
youth — the energies of his manhood, and the decline of life^ 



REVOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 11 

have been marked both in the cabinet and the field, with a con- 
stant and untiring zeal in the cause of liberty and free princi- 
ples. — Though the late signal overthrow of despotic misrule 
and oppression in France cannot but be interesting to all the 
friends of civil and religious liberty throughout the world, it 
must be peculiarly gratifying to a veteran and companion in 
arms of our great and good fellow-citizen, the venerable La 
Fayette. 

The Committee therefore hope that the health of Colonel 
Monroe will enable him to indulge his fellow-citizens with his 
presence at the meeting this evening, to preside over their de- 
liberations. 

In behalf of the Committee. 

WALTER BOVVNE. 

THOMAS HERTTELL. 
Col. James Monroe, late President of the United States. 

New- York, Nov. 12th, 1830. 

I have received your invitation to attend the meeting, to be 
held this evening at Tammany Hall, of the Mechanics, Work- 
ing-Men, and other citizens of New-York, to celebrate the late 
glorious revolution in France, in favour of liberty, with the 
sensibility which so generous a mark of your confidence was 
calculated to excite. 

An effort in favour of liberty, by the people of any country, 
has always commanded my high respect, and its failure excited 
my deep regret. This remark applies with peculiar force to 
France, from whom we derived great aid in our revolutionary 
contest. Having witnessed for several years, in my mission to 
that country, the exertions of that people in support of that 
great cause, in which they displayed a gallantry and patriotism, 
which repulsed the surrounding nations, and astonished the 
civilized world, I could not otherwise than be deeply affected 
by its failure. 1 have rejoiced to find, that the most afflicting 
disaster did not extinguish, nor even diminish the spirit, as has 
been proved by the recent most glorious event. The modera- 
tion and humanity which they have displayed, show that they 
have derived useful admonition from the errors of their former 
struggle. The prudence, also, with which they have adopted 
the council of virtuous and enlightened men, to whom they have 
committed the direction of affairs, affords an additional strong 
ground on v/hich to confide in their success. 

Having seen in our revolutionary struggle, the most satisfac- 
tory proofs of the talent, virtue, and gallantry of our feilow-citi- 



12 CELEBRATION OF THE 

zen, General La Fayette, and been closely connected with 
him and his affairs, in my missions to France, in which his de- 
votion to liberty, and every previous impression in his favour, 
were confirmed, I have seen with delight, his call by the nation 
to the station which he now holds, because I find in it a gene- 
rous reward of bis merit, and great support from his councils, 
to the cause in which France is engaged. 

It is my intention to attend your meeting, if my health will 
permit, and I shall do it, delicate as it is, if no unfavourable 
change occurs. 

JAMES MONROE. 

Walter Bowne, Thomas Herttell, Esqs. 



MEETING AT TAMMANY HALL, NOV. 12th. 

Honourable James Monroe, President ; Albert Gallatin, 
Thomas Herttell, Walter Bowne, Esqs., Vice-Presidents ; Da- 
niel Jackson, of the 1st Ward, M. M. Noah, Esqs., Secre- 
taries. 

There are circumstances of occasional occurrence, that, ab- 
stracted from all other considerations, seem to carry with them 
their own consequence, and to be sustained alone upon their 
exclusive merits ; such indeed may be said of 3Ir. Monroe's 
presiding at this meeting. Notwithstanding the call was 
only upon the General Committee, yet the great Hall of St. 
Tammany was crowded to excess, a fact highly comphmentary 
to the feehngs of those who were present, as it was not only 
evincive of their desire to join in the contemplated celebra- 
tion, but was also a testimonial of respect towards one of the 
earliest Patriots of the Republic, who had consented to preside 
upon the occasion. 

With this numerous assemblage, all was dignified silence, — • 
all respectful attention,^ — when the venerable President rose to 
address the meeting. He spoke of the hallowed events of our 
ovv^n glorious revolution, and remarked upon the admirable 
form of our government, as fully illustrative of the happy re- 
sults of our Independence. He reverted to this period of 
history as making the first serious impression upon the feelings 
of the people of Europe, and considered the events of those 
days as materially instrumental in directing the mass of man- 
kind to a proper consideration of their condition ; it aroused 
their latent faculties and energies, and pointed to the barriers 
that had so long impeded their course to the enjoyment of ra- 



REVCLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 13 

tienal liberty. He then drew the attention of the meeting to 
the first revolution o^ France^ and took an enlightened view of 
the circumstances connected with it, comparatively with those 
identified with the events of the 27lh, 28th, and 29th July, 1830, 
— the tendency of which was to show the distinction between 
the corrupt material that unfortunately was permitted to amalga- 
mate with the pure spirits of 1789, and v/hich destroyed the 
glorious ends then contemplated to be realized ; but now, the 
people were moved to action by one virtuous feeling — one 
glorious impulse — and therefore every rational inference would 
lead to the conclusion, that the present revolution would not 
only secure to the French people happiness and freedom, but 
would also be generally beneficial to mankind. 

Mr. Monroe remarked upon the character of the illustrious 
Lafayette, the early and untiring advocate in the cause of 
freedom ; he portrayed with feeling emotion the services ren- 
dered by that distinguished individual to our beloved country, 
and claimed for him a large share of the enviable honour con- 
nected with the glorious results of the Revolutionary War ; he 
reverted to the virtuous and patriotic course adopted by his 
friend Lafayette^ in both the revolutions of France, and re- 
marked, that under the most severe and difficult trials called 
for from exigencies peculiarly interesting to the whole civilized 
world, and upon which were suspended the destinies of his 
country, that Lafayette w^s alone influenced by the purest feel- 
ings of patriotism. He slightly touched upon the interesting 
crisis of his embassy to France, and spoke of scenes that he 
had witnessed, and events with which he had been identi- 
fied, the better to illustrate the purity of character that marked 
his early and distinguished friend, in order to strengthen, if pos- 
sible, a sense of the claim of gratitude due to the services, and 
of admiration to the virtues, of this firm and determined advo- 
cate in the cause of rational liberty. 

The respected speaker highly commended the objects of the 
meeting, he observed that it particularly belonged to the people 
of this happy country, to commemorate an event that must 
come home to the feelings of all ; that none could so well ap- 
preciate the noble efforts of a people to disenthral themselves 
from oppression, than that nation who had fought their way to 
liberty, and were now in the full enjoyment of their emancipa- 
tion. He spoke of the great State of New-York, — of her vast 
resources ; and what in the course of no distant period, they 
would develope, and add to her unparalleled prosperity. 



14 CELEBRATION OF THE 

He thanlied the meeting for the distinction manifest-ed to- 
wards hinri, and hegged them to believe that he fully partici- 
pated in their feelings upon this grateful occasion. The vene- 
rable President then took his seat, amid the thrice reiterated 
cheers and acclamations of the numerous assemblage. 

The following preamble and resolutions were then offered 
and unanimously adopted : 

Whereas the late revolution in France? by the bravery, jus- 
tice, and moderation which characterized it, is worthy ofbe- 
ing celebrated by the freemen of this country, as a signal 
triumph of an enlightened people, who have merited the en- 
joyment of liberty by their gallant resistance to tyranny and 
oppression,— Therefore 

Resolved, That the 25th of Navember, being the anniver- 
sary of the evacuation of this city in 1783, be fixed upon to 
commemorate the glorious results of the French Revolution, 
and that a procession of the working men, artisans, mechanics, 
charitable and literary societies, and other citizens, be recom- 
mended on that day. 

Resolved^ That a committee be appointed to confer with, 
and ask the co-operation of our uniform corps, in the celebra- 
tion of this glorious event. 

Resolved^ That the Major-Generals of Infantry be re- 
quested to invite the officers of their respective commands to 
join in the celebration of the day. 

- Resolved^ That the Honourable the Mayor and Common- 
alty of the city of New-York be invited to participate in the 
festivities of the day, under such arrangements as that honour- 
able body shall deem proper. 

Resolved, That the natives of France be invited to unite in 
the celebration of the day, and that the tri-coloured flag be 
displayed on that day from all the public places. 

Resolved, That the Firemen, with their badges and ban- 
ners, be invited to join the procession. 

Resolved, That the Students of Columbia College, with 
' their President and Professois, together with the Scholars of 
the Public Schools, be requested to join in the procession. 

Resolved, That a com.mittee of seven persons be appointed 
to receive delegates from the different mechanic and charitable 
societies disposed to participate in the celebration, and -that 
such societies under their respective officers will assemble oij 
that day, at places to be appointed for that purpose. 

Resolved^ That a committee of seven persons be appointed 
to prepare an Address to the French people, expressive of the 



REVOLUTIOIs IN FRAKCE, 1830. 15 

feelings of the people of New-York on their recent and glo- 
rious triumphs. 

Resolved^ That a committee of seven persons be appointed 
to select an Orator on the occasion. 

Resolved, That a- committee of seven persons be appointed 
to choose a Grand Marshal of the day. 

Resolved, That a committee of seven persons be appointed 
to make the necessary arrangements for the Students of the 
College and Scholars of the Public Schools. 

Resolved^ That a committee of fifty persons be appointed 
as a General Executive Committee of Arrangements, vi^ho 
shall be authorized to take measures for the accommodation 
and order of the different societies — for the accommodation of 
public functionaries — to fix the time and place of the Oration, 
and to do such other acts as may be calculated to carry into 
effect the foregoing resolutions, and that they publish the order 
of the day in the different papers. 

Committee to receive Deputations from the different Mechanic 

Societies disposed to join in the celebration, 
Robert Walker Ebenezer Ford Francis Cain 

Joel Curtis James Conner P. M. Durando 

Paul Grout 

Committee to receive Deputations from Colleges and Public 

Schools. 
Samuel Stevens Hugh Maxwell Richard Riker 

Dr. D. L. Peixotto Gideon Lee Wiiloughby Lynde 

Oliver M. Lownds 

Committee to prepare an Address to the French People. 
Thomas Herttell Charles King Dudley Selden 

John Duer Dr. McNevin John Frazee 

Samuel Swartwout 

Committee to select an Orator. 
Wm. M. Price S. L. Gouverneur Geo. D. Strong 

Dr. DeKay Henry Hone Alex. M. Muir 

Jos. Perkins 

Committee to select Grand Marshal. 
Andrew Jackson B. J. Meserole David Byng 

Col. xMurray John Alwaise Frederick Groshon 

John Ditchitt 



16 



CELEBRATION OF THE 



Geo. P. Morris 
Jas. Bellanay 
Joseph Bouchaud 



Music Committee. 
Clarkson Crolius, jr. Geo. W. Arnold 
Joseph Dreyfous Paul Grout 



Committee to confer with the Military, to produce their co-ope- 

ration in the celebration, 
Jas. Watson Webb Jas. A. Moore Saml. J. Hunt 

J. J. Manning H. A. Simmons 

General Committee of Superintendence and Arrangement. 



Philip Hone 
Geo. Bruce 
Jos. Baggott 
Charles O'Connor 
Lewis A. Brunei 
Geo. W. Arnold 
C. Crolius, sen. 
Sylvanus Miller 
'Joseph Bouchaud 
Edward J. Webb 
Thomas Tate 
Geo. H. Evans 
Wm. Seaman 
N. Dean 
Doct. Pascalis 
Simon Clannon 
Cornelius McLane 
Nicholas C. Everett 
Henry Eckford 



M. Van Schaick 
Amos Palmer 
Jacob Lorillard 
Jas. Watson Webb 
Daniel E. Tylee 
John I. Mumford 
John Lang 
Wm. M. Price 
Walter Bowne 
J. B. Cazeaux 
Elisha Tibbits 
M. M. Noah 
Col. Pentz 
Daniel Jackson 
Gen. Spicer 
Wm. Leavins 
Col. Mumford 
James G. Bennett 



P. C. Peaquet 
Antoine S. Perrott 
Joseph Dreyfous 
John Lozier 
Barnabas Bates 
Lewis Gerjot 
Col. G. P. Morris 
Alderman Strong 
Wm. B. Townsend 
Campbell P. White 
Henry Arcularius 
James Auchincloss 
Amos Butler 
Michael Burnh^m 
Francis Hall 
David Hale 
John L. Graham 
P. C. M. Andrews 



Resolved, That these proceedings be signed by the Presi^ 
dent, Vice-Presidents, and Secretaries, and published; 
JAMES MONROE, President. 
ALBERT GALLATIN, ) 
WALTER BOWNE, ) Vice-Presidents. 
THOMAS HERTTELL, ) 
Daniel Jackson, 
M. M.NoAH, 



Secretaries. 



Governor Olivek Wolcott, then in this city, was waited 
upon by Mr. Herttell, in behalf of tlie Committee, whore-, 
quested him to act as one of the Vice-Presidents of the meet- 
ing at Tammany Hall, to make arrangements for the celebra^^ 



EEYOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 17 

tion of the late glorious Revolution in France. He stated to 
Mr. Herttell, and desired him to say to the Committee, that 
he participated largely in the feelings which prompted this cele- 
bration, and, did his health permit, he would be most happy in 
uniting with the. citizens of New- York, in testifying his high 
estimation of the successful struggle of the Patriots of France 
against their Bourbon oppressors. He hoped, however, that 
his name might appear among the friends of liberty, who upon 
this occasion may assemble to commemorate one of the most 
important events which has marked the nineteenth century. 

At a meeting of the General Committee of Superintendence 
and Arrangements for the Celebration of the French Revolu- 
tion, held at Tammany Hall on Saturday evening, the 13th 
inst. Philip Hone was appointed Chairman, and Wm. M. 
Price and Daniel Jackson Secretaries. 

The following committee was appointed to originate a plan of 
celebration, and to report the same to a meeting of the Gene- 
ral Committee of Arrangements on Tuesday evening next at 
7 O'clock. Walter Bowne, John B. Cazeaux, John Lozier, 
P. C. Montgomery Andrews, Wm. B. Townsend, Simon Clan- 
non, Daniel Jackson, Philip Hone, and the chairmen of the se- 
veral special Committees heretofore appointed ; viz. Jas. Wat- 
son Webb, Robt. Walker, Samuel Stevens, Thos. Herttell, 
Wm. M. Price, and Andrew Jackson. 

Resolved^ That the above committee be directed to meet at 
this place on Monday evening, at 7 o'clock. 

A Committee of Finance was appointed as follows : — Saml. 
Swartwout, Lewis A. Brunei, J. B. Cazeaux, Geo. Bruce, and 
Myndert Van Schaick. 

Resolved^ That the committee to receive deputations from 
colleges and public schools, be requested to invite the Super- 
intendents, Professors, and Cadets of the United States* Mili- 
tary Academy at West Point, to unite in the celebration of the 
day. 

The following committee was appointed to take charge of 
the subject of printinof, viz. Wm. B. Townsend, Geo. H. Evans» 
Daniel £. Tylee. 

Resolved^ That the Chairman be empowered to appoint a 
committee of seven, to confer with the Fire Department, on 
the subject of the above celebration. 

PHILIP HONE, Chairman. 



Wm. M. PiucE, > c5 

Danl. Jackson, \ Secretaries. 

2* 



18 CJH^EBRATION OF THE 

The Cbairman of the Committee of ArraDgementsextien&(? 
invitations to the Cincinnati Society — to the U. S. Officers of 
the revolutionary and of the late war— to the Albany Military 
Association—to the Superintendent, Professors, and Cadets of 
the Military Academy at West Point — to the Honourable the 
Corporation of the village of Brooklyn — to the College of 
Piiysiclans and Surgeons — to the Library Association of Clin-> 
ton Hall, and to the Apprentices' Association. The follow- 
ing veterans of 1776 were also invited : Anthony Glenn? 
Enoch Crosby, David Williams, Alexander Whalley, and John 
Van Norsdale. These, together with such other invitations as 
are embraced in the resolutions of the general meeting of the 
12th, were all accepted, with the exception of the West Point 
Institution, which was declined, not because that fair propor- 
tion of our youths identified with that National School were 
r.ot alive to the cause, and fired to the same '^ amor patria" 
that so recently had blazed forth in the Polytechnic School of 
Paris, — but growing out of the necessity incumbent upon the 
Principal^ rigidly to conform to the laws prescribed, and not 
to bt encroached upon even for a cause so peculiarly interest^ 
ing, and one that must have elicited at West Point a more 
than common sympathy. 

The Committees specially appointed made the following 
nominations-— 

Samuel L. Gouverneur, Orator of the Day. 

The Reverend Richard Varick Dey was requested to pro- 
nounce a prayer upon tbe occasion of the Celebration. 

Sarnuel Swartwout, Marshal-in-Chief ; 

Who appointed the following Gentlemen as Aids : 
M. M. Noah, George Davis, B. Delapier, 

Charles Clinton, John L. Graham, Wm. Dumont, 
Joel Curtis, T. Gro^hon, E. M. Greenway, 

John R. Livingston, Silas E. Burrows, Robt. Lawrence, 
C. De Colden, DanL Jackson, Charles McEvers^ jr. 

Mc M. Quackenbos, Amos Palmer, Richard PennelL 

Prosper M.Wetmore,G. D. Strong, Henry Ogden.. 

Dress of the Marshal in- Chief and his Aids, 
Blue Coat, with white facings and gilt buttons. 
Buff Vest, with plain gilt buttons. 
A¥hite Pantaloons. 

Chapeau-de-bras, tri-coloured Cockade and Plume o. 
Tri-coloured Scarfs. 



llEV05>tTTI0N ITf FRANCE, 1830. U 

Tri-colonred Badge, with the stripes of the United States' 
flag to be worn on each lappel. 
Dress SwortJ and gilt Spurs. 

The Marshal'in-Chief received a deputation from a number 
of French gentlemen, who volunteered to attend him as an 
escort, on the part of the French population of this city. The 
following is the correspondence upon the subject. 

NeW'YorJc, Nov. 19, 1830. 
Gentlemen—Your obliging offer to attend the Marshal-in- 
Chief, on the 25th, as an escort, on the part of the French 
population of this city, is accepted with great satisfaction. 

It will afford me the greatest pleasure to be associated with 
and have near me on that day, young and chivalric Frenchmen, 
the natives of that noble nation whose wonderful achieve- 
ments and astonishing moderation during the recent revolu- 
tion, have filled the world with admiration. 

The dress and other equestrian equipments to be used on 
the occasion, will be selected by yourselves. The time and 
place of meeting on the celebration will be communicated in 
general orders. 

I am, Gentlemen, with great respect. 
Your obedient servant, 

S. SWARTWOUT, Marshal-in-Chief, 

To Martins Panon, H. Chevrolat, G. Duvivier, Th. Auber, G. 
Calemard, Dr. Depeyre, A. Lemoyne, A. S. Perrot, Esquires. 

NeW'Yorlc, Nov. 22, 1830. 
Saml. Swartwout, Marshal-in-Chief, 

Sir — In the name of my comrades, as well as in my own, I 
acknowledge the receipt of the letter you addressed to us, on 
the 19th inst., and return you our sincere thanks for the flat- 
tering expressions it contains. 

Permit me to avail myself of this opportunity to inform you, 
that Mr. T. Auber having declined the honour conferred upon 
him, Mr. Vouthier has been elected in his place. 

I am. Sir, with great respect, 

Your obedient servant, M. PANON. 

The Marshal-in-Chief appointed Col. James B. Murray as 
officer of the day of celebration to take charge of the Wash- 
ington Parade Ground, who associated with him Col, S. J, 
Mumford, 

Capt. John D. Jackson, of the ''Scott Cadets'"^ was also 



^0 CELEBRATION OF.THS 

appointed to mount guard at the Washington Parade Ground, 
and to report to Col. Murray for orders. 

Committee to 'prepare an Address to the French People. 
The above Committee appointed William M. Price, Esq, 
to read said Address. 

Meeting of the Committee of Arrangements subsequent to the 
day of Celebration, 
At a meeting of the Committee of Arrangements, the Com- 
mittee to prepare an Address to the French People, and the 
Finance Committee, P. Hone, Chairman, Wm. M. Price, 
Daniel Jackson, Secretaries. The Committee to whom 
was referred the application to Mr. Gouverneur for a copy 
of his oration, reported, that Mr. Gouverneur complied with 
their request. 

[Correspondence.] 

New-Yoek, November 30th, 1830. 
Samuel L. Gouverneur, Esquire. 

Sir-^We have the honour of enclosing to you a copy of the 
proceedings of the Committee of Arrangements for the cele- 
bration of the late Revolution in France, held at Tammany 
Hall, on Monday, 29th November, 1830. As the Committee 
appointed at that meeting, we request you will favour us with 
a copy of your oration for publication, at such time as may be 
most convenient. We are with great regard, 

WILLIAM M. PRICE, 
ANDREW JACKSON, 
SAMUEL SWARTWOUT, 

Gentlemen — I have just received your very flattering note 
of this date ; my oration was* delivered at your request, I 
enclose the only copy in existence, which is subject to your 
control. With great respect, your obed't serv't, 

SAML. L. GOUVERNEUR. 

New-York, 30th Nov. 1830. 

To Messrs. Wm. M. Price, 

Samuel Swartwout, 
Andrew Jackson. 

Resolved, That the ^bove Committee, be empowered to 
publish the oration in the^ manner they may deem proper. 



EEVOLUTIOK IN FRANCE, 1830, £1' 

Resolved, That the Chairman and Secretaries address a let- 
ter to Gen. Lafayette^ introducing Messrs. Thos. Herttell, J. 
B. Cazeaux, Hopkins McCracken, and Frederick Bronson, as 
bearers of the address to the French People. 

Resolved, That the thanks of the Committee of Arrange- 
ments for celebrating the French Revolution, are hereby pre- 
sented to Samuel Swartwout, Esq. Marshal-in-chief, for the 
able manner in which he carried into effect the regulations of 
the Committee, and that his arrangements of the procession, 
and the final completion of the proceedings at the Washington 
Parade Ground, are highly satisflictory to this Committee, as 
they believe to the public at large. 

PHILIP HONE, Chairman. 

Wm. M. Price, ) Secretaries. J 

Daniel Jackson, ) ;, 

Immediately after the publication of the proceedings at 
Tammany Hall on the 12th instant, meetings were held of va- 
rious societies, and associations, and we give an account o£ 
such meetings, as illustrative of the ardent feeling that pre- 
vailed, and as indicative not of a momentary excitement, but 
of the deep impression made, and of the lively interest that 
existed towards an enlightened and valiant people ; of a nation 
who had delivered themselves from oppression, and who had 
given to the world a grand and noble scene to gaze upon, 
— that while in amazement they viewed the unparalleled 
achievement, they were lost in admiration of the prudence and 
moderation which succeeded it. 



MEETING OF PRINTERS. 

A meeting of the Printers of the city of New-York was held 
at the Shakspeare Hotel, on Wednesday evening, November 
17tb, 1830. Mr. John Lang was appointed Chairman, and 
William W. Vermilye and John W. Walker were appointed 
Secretaries. 

The following preamble and resolutions were offered, and 
unanimously adopted : — 

** That all men are created equal ; that they are endowed 
by their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that among 
these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness ;" are truths 
which our fathers of the Revolution, at a fearful crisis, pr.Q^ 



22 ' CELEBRATION OF THE 

noiinced to the world as " self- evident, ^^ In support of tlie 
great principles involved in them, their swords were un- 
sheathed — their blood was split, and their treasure lavished. 
During the seven years' struggle which followed the noble de- 
claration, in which the natural rights of man are clearly and 
boldly defined, the influence of the PRESS was powerfully 
felt. The Press was then, as now, 'Uhe great LEVER of 
public opinion." By its exercise, the spirit of liberty and 
patriotism was instilled into the bosom of the American public ; 
and truly has it been said, that its influence, in those dark 
days, " was powerful enough to break the way for the march 
and the swords of heroes ; and did as much as thei/^ to sever 
the chains which tyranny would have perpetuated." It is 
acknowledged, that principally through the agency of the Press, 
and those immediately connected with it, was the recent im- 
portant and glorious Revolution in France effected — a Revo- 
lution which is destined ultimately to shake to its centre every 
despotism in the old world 1 The march of human iniprove- 
ment is onward. The rays of truth and of knowledge, lighted 
into eternal existence by the Press, are already searching the 
dark places of tyranny, and dazzling the eyes, and striking dis- 
may to the hearts, of the deluded believers in "• the divine 
right of Kings." 

It is with sentiments of pride, arising from an intimate con- 
nexion with the Press, and by the ties of fellow craftsmen with 
those who were among the first to step forth boldly in defence 
of the rights of man, in the perilous hour, do we declare our 
participation, in commensurate degree, in the patriotic enthu- 
siasm which animates the bosom of our whole community ; 
and rejoicing, as we do, in common with our fellow-citizens 
generally, that the noble spirit of our patriot fathers which 
triumphed over the hosts of tyranny, and lighted the way to 
the enjoyment of our many civil and religious blessings, has 
aroused the slumbering energies of the French peopte to a 
struggle which has resulted so gloriously, and which will be 
felt by all future generations of men : therefore, ' 

Resolved, That we consider the late glorious triumph of 
liberal principles in France, as an event second in importance 
only to our oivn great and memorable achievement of indepen- 
dence. 

Resolved, as Americans, friends of civil liberty and social 
order, we hold in high veneration the character of that great 
and good man, who, after passing the storms of two revolu- 
tions, one in the new, and the other in the old world, has, m 



REVOLUTION IN FIIANCE, 1830, 523 

tlie evening of his days, afforded a new and brilliant instance 
tf his wisdom and patriotism, in the events which have re- 
cently transpired in his native land. 

Kesolved, That as this brilliant revolution originated with 
and was principally effected by the talents, patriotism, enter- 
prise, and undaunted public spirit of our typographical brethren 
in Paris, it particularly becomes us to unite in the proposed 
celebration on the 25th instant. Therefore 

Resolved, That we cordially accept the invitation of the 
*' Committee appointed at Tammany Hall, on the 1 2th instant, 
to receive deputations from the different Societies." 

Resolved, That Messrs. Chandler, Buckingham, and Van 
Norden be, and they are hereby appointed delegates to confer 
with the above-named committee at Tammany Hall on Thurs- 
day evening. 

Resolved, That Messrs. Morris, Conner, and M'Devitt, be 
a committee to select a suitable person to prepare an ode for 
the occasion. 

Resolved, That John Lang be appointed Grand Marshal, and 

A. Ming, Jr. and Thomas W. Renne, Deputy Marshals for the day. 
Resolved, That William E. Dean, WiUiam Osborne, and Charles 

M'Devitt be a committee to confer with Messrs. Hoe and Rust, 
on the subject of presses and a moveable stage. 

Resolved, That John W. Walker, Hugh Pattinson, and Thomas 
Orooker be a Finance and Printing Committee. 

Resolved, That the following be a General Committee, with 
full powers to appoint Sub-Committees, and make all such 
arrangements as they may deem expedient, for the purpose of 
carrying into effect the object of this meeting: — George F. Hop- 
kins, James Swords, George Long, Michael Burnham, Wm. L. 
Stone, Amos Butler, John W. Walker, Jonathan Seymour, John 
Turner, Cornelius S. Van Winkle, John Elliott, Thomas Snow- 
den, David ReiUvSey, E. B. Clayton, Daniel Fanshaw, P. C. M. 
Andrews, A. Chandler, H. C. Sleight, T. A. Greene, D. K. Minor, 
ThomasW. Renne,Wlii. G. Heyer,Wm. A. Mercein, Justis S. Red- 
field, John Watt, John Wlndt, James Smithy Wm. Osborne, Wm. 
L. Pelsue, N. L. Coombes, James Thomas, Hugh Pattinson,. John 
Finch, Wm. E. Dean, Harris Sage, Jacob P. Jones, S. H. Harris, 
T. Fish, I. Hoit, Geo. Mather, N. Penfold, Hammond Wallis, A. 
Sherman, W. l^ynde, S. Bartlett, Thomas Jordan, G. L. Austin, 

B. C. Brown, James Booth, H. A. Brown, Wm. S. Dorr, Robert 
Vanderpool, J. M. Danforth, Edward Grattan, Thomas George, 
John Lintz, M. Van Yorx, Joseph W. Hynde, Benjamin G. Jan- 
sen, John C. Morrison, John M'Kay, Alexander Newman, John 
Naid, H. R. Piercey, vS. R. Parker, Samuel Rust, Jesse Rice, F. 
S. Scatchard, Alexander Taylor, James Turney, William Van 
Norden, Thomas Crooker, Alex,* Ming, jun. 



f4 CELEBRATION OF THl 

Resolved, That a request be made to the publishers of dailj 
papers to suspend the publication, of their papers one day, in 
order that those engaged upon them may have an opportunity to 
join in the celebration. 

Resolved, That these proceedings be signed by the Chairman 
and Secretaries, and pubHshed in all the papers in the city. 

JOHN LANG, Chairman. 

■ f""- ^T/ ^f'^''^^'^' ^ Secretaries. ^ ^ 

John W, Walker, > 



At a meeting of the Students of Columbia College, held, 
by permission of the President, in the College Chapel, Nov. 
19, 1830, to adopt measures relative to the approaching cele- 
bration of the French Revolution, President Duer vt^as re- 
quested to act as Chairman, and Robert G. Vermilye ap- 
pointed Secretary. 

The President communicated to the meeting an invitation 
he had received from a committee appointed at a late meet- 
ing of the citizens, for making arrangements for celebrating 
the late glorious French Revolution, to unite in the ceremo- 
nies of the 25th Nov. inst. Whereupon the following resolu- 
tions were unanimously adopted. 

Resolved, That we join in congratulation with our fellow- 
citizens, on the recent triuniph of Liberty in France, and hail 
the event with the warmest feelings of interest and joy. 

Resolved) That we participate fully in the feelings w^hich 
animated the French people, and are happy to bear witness to 
the brave conduct, on that memorable occasion, of the stu- 
dents of Paris, who contributed so largely to the glory of the 
event. 

Resolvedi, That while the congratulation is general, it be-* 
comes us especially to rejoice in the prospect of literary and 
intellectual improvement, which must be intimately connected 
with the progress of civil freedom. 

Resolved, That, actuated by these motives, we will cordially 
unite in the ensuing^ celebration of the French Revolution. 

Resolved, That the above resolutions be signed by the 
Chairman and Secretary of the meeting, and communicated to 
the Chairman of the Committee from whom the invitation was 
received. -WM. A. DUER, Ch'n. 

Ronr. G. Vermilye, Sec'y. 



REVOLUTION IN FilANCE, 1830. 25 



MEETING OF PRINTERS, AT ALBANY. 

At a meeting of the Printers of the city of Albany, held pursuant 
to adjournment, at Bement's Recess, on Monday evening, 22d 
November, CHARLES R. WEBSTER was appointed chair- 
man, and EDWIN CROSWELL and JOHN B. VAN STEEN- 
BERG assistant chairmen; and THOMAS R. RANNEY and 
JOHN VISSCHER, secretaries. 

The proceedings on a former meeting having been read, at 
which it was resolved to appoint delegates to attend the cele- 
bration in the city of New-York, on the 25th inst.j in honour 
of the late glorious revolution, were reported by a committee 
appointed for that purpose, and unanimously adopted : — 

The age in which we live is full of remarkable incidents. 
The scenes which are now acting, will form a fruitful theme 
for the future historian ; and the present era will be celebrated 
by after ages as the period when the foundation of old and op- 
pressive systems of society were rooted up, — the right of self- 
oovEKNMENT boldly claimed, and the power of choosing rulers 
freely exercised. Truths of which the mass of the human 
race have heretofore been ignorant, are now generally diffusing, 
giving to man the capacity to understand, and the spirit to 
assert, his '^natural and inalienable rights." Knowledge 
(which is power) is leaving the recesses of cloisters and the 
precincts of palaces, to enlighten the world, and level all arbi- 
trary and unnatural distinctions. The principle acted on in 
the American Revolution — that all governments derive their 
power solely from the consent of the governed — is now^ recog- 
nised by a great portion of the civilized world, and must event- 
ually explode the old theory of the '' divine right of kings," 
and the unlawfulness of resistance to regal or pontifical autho- 
rity. THE PRESS has been the chief instrument in this great 
political renovation — the principal agent in effecting the many 
meliorations in the social condition of the human family. 

The friends of freedom — the believers in the equality of man- 
hind — have recently achieved a signal victory, at which all true 
philanthropists rejoice, and which we feel called upon to cele- 
brate in an especial manner. The late revolution in France 
was incited mainly by an encroachment on the liberty of the 
Press. Among the " ordonnances" which provoked the citi- 
zens of Paris to drive from power those who evinced that they 
no longer held it by the proper tenure, that which excited the 



26 CELEBRATION OF THE 

deepest indignation was in the significant words — " The Li- 
berty of the Press is abolished!" 

In view of these considerations, and in proud gratification 
that we are workers in an art whose labours are productive of 
results so innportant and so beneficial to mankind, we do re- 
solve, — 

That we join our hearty congratulations to those of our ty- 
pographical brethren in the city of New-York, on the auspi- 
cious event to be celebrated by them, in connexion with other 
citizens, on the 25th inst. 

That Charles R. Webster, Robert Packard, Jesse Buel, Aza- 
riah C, Flagg, Edwin Crosvvell, Elisha W. Skinner, John B. 
Van Steenbergh, Robert Martin, Thurlow Weed, Gerrit W. 
Ryckman, Solomon Baker, G. K. Winne, M. MTherson, L. 
G. Hoffman, H. H. Van Dyck, John Visscher, W. R. Ford, 
S. Southwick, jr., Jas. BuWy^ H. D. Stone, Thos. O. Wands, 
A. L. Stewart, F. J. Hosford, A. H. Glenn, and J. Malcom, 
be delegated to convey to our New- York brethren the senti^ 
ments of the Printers of Albany, and to unite with them in 
person, as we all do in heart, in the public manifestation of 
their joy at the triumph of liberal principles in France. 

That, as lovers of liberty, we hail that event as indicative of 
the profluence of the great principles contended for by our 
fathers, and a proof of the doctrine of popular supremacy, so 
well taught by the heroic citizens of Paris, during the memorable 
^* three days' struggle.'' 

That, as Americans, we rejoice at the progress of the spirit 
of resistance to tyranny which received its first impulse in our 
own country ; and that we look with admiration on the part 
taken by that justly renowned and revered citizen, whom Ame- 
rica claims in common with France. 

That, as Printers, we regard the influence of the Press in the 
event which we celebrate, as a signal instance of the benign 
effects flowing from our art ; and that we ardently hope that 
this is the harbinger of future and more important triumphs, 
and that the march of free principles may be steadfast, until all 
rulers, by whatever title known, shall be acknowledged as the 
servants of the people, holding their power by their will, and 
exercising it solely for their benefit. 

CHAS. R. WEBSTER; Chairman. 

E. CROSWELL, ( Assistant 

J. B. VAN STEENBERGH, ^ Chairmen, 

Thos. S. Rannay, ) q . . 

J.VisscuEE, '^Secretaries. 



HEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 27 

DAILY JOURNAL PRINTERS. 
At a meeting of the Printers, attached to the Daily Journals 
in this City, at Tulley's Exchange Coffee- Flouse, Saturday, 
Nov. 20th, it was unanimously resolved to celebrate in a suita- 
ble manner the event of the recent triumph of liberal princi- 
ples in France, by joining in the procession. Thomas A. 
Green was appointed Marshal, who selected for his aids Caspar 
Childs, and John H. Potts. — Wm. H. Brown was delegated 
to bear the banner to be painted for the occasion, and Wm. W. 
Tindall, Caspar C. Childs, Charles R. Lincoln, Adrastua 
Fish, Stephen R. Butler, John C. Harwood, John H. Potts, 
and Cornehus B. Marshall, a Committee of Arrangements. 
CHARLES R. LINCOLN, Chairman. 



Wm. W. Tindall, 7^1 

T T» ? Secretaries. 

Joseph Phillips, j 



CELEBRATION OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. 

At a meeting of the Committee appointed at a numerous 
meeting of the Natives of France, residenf in New- York, Mr. 
Joseph Bouchard was appointed President, and Messrs. J. B. 
Caseaux and L, A. Brunei, Secretaries : the following resolu- 
tion was adopted. 

Resolved, That the French, and descendants of French, re- 
siding in New- York, be invited to meet to-morrow evening at 
Tammany Hall, to deliberate upon the best means of cele- 
brating the late glorious Revolution, to take place on the 25th 
inst. as determined upon by a meeting of the citizens of New- 
York, of which the venerable James Monroe was President. 

Nov. 17, 1830. 

JOSEPH BOUCHARD, President. " 



L. A. Brunel, / c, ^ . 
T D r« } Secretaries. 

J. J3. Caseaux, S 



CELEBRATION OF THE LATE FRENCH REVOLUTION. 

A Meeting of the French inhabitants of this city was 
held, pursuant to public notice, at Tammany Hall on Wednes- 
day evening, 17th inst. Mr. Joseph Bouchard having been 
called to the chair, and Messrs. Geo. de Loynes and C. Dar- 
befeuille, appointed Secretaries, the following resolutions were 
proposed, and subsequently adopted :■ — 

Resolved, That all French and descendants of French in 
this city, be invited, through the medium of the public papers, 
to assemble on the morning of the 25th inst. at Combault's, 
No. 599 Broadway, at the hour which shall be designated by 
the General Committee of Arrangements. 



£8 CELEBRATION OF THE 

Resolved, That a Committee be appointed with power fo 
have a tri-coloured flag made for the occasion, as well as tri- 
coloured cockades and badges. 

Resolved, That Messrs. H. Peugnet and L. Peugnet, be the 
bearers of the colours during the procession. 

Resolved, That at the close of the ceremony, those colours 
be presented, in the name of the French residents of this city,, 
to the 1st division of New- York State Artillery. 

Resolved, That the badges and cockades worn on the occa- 
sion shall be uniform. 

Resolved, That the President and Secretaries shall form a 
Committee to communicate these resolutions to the General 
Committee of Arrangements. 

Resolved, That these proceedings shall be inserted in the 
public papers. 

Several committees were appointed, and among them a 

Committee of Arrangements, composed of Messrs. Gayot,. 

Trusson, Darbefeuille, Tardy, Dreyfous, and Allain, sen. and 

a Committee of Fii^nces, composed of Messrs. Brunei, Bou- 

chaud, Brugiere, De Loynes, Jacquelin, D'Hervilly, and 

Crevolin. 

JOSEPH BOUCHARD, President. 

G. De Loynes, > ^ . • 
r^ T\ } Secretaries. 

C Darbefeuille, j 



NATIVES OF FRANCE. 
At a meeting of the Committee of Arrangements ap- 
pointed by the French citizens residents of New-York, on the 
evening of 22d inst. the following resolutions were adopted : — 
Resolved, That the officers and crews of the French vessels 
now in port be invited to join their fellow-citizens in the pro- 
cession of the 26th November. 

Resolved, That the order of procession be as follows : 
Eight Guards on Horseback. 
Music. 
Do. Committee. 
Committee of Address. 
The Flag. 
Finance Committee. 
French Consul and Chancellor. 
Officers and Crews of French Vessels. 
Frenchmen and descendants of Frenchmen, six abreast. 
The members of the Committee of Arrangements will act 
as Marshals of the day. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 29 

The procession will be formed at Combault's House, Broad- 
way, and move at half-past eight o'clock precisely, down Broad- 
way to Walker-street, down Walker to Beach and Hudson, 
up Hudson to the line in Canal-street. 

Resolved, That, to conclude the ceremonies and amuse- 
ments of the day, it is recommended that the different Com- 
mittees attend the Park Theatre on the evening of the SSth, 
with their banners and decorations, where the Military Officers, 
Grand Marshal, Aids, and Chief of other Societies will be 
present. 

Resolved, That the officers and crews of the French vessels 
as well as the French residents of New- York in general, be 
also requested to attend the performances of the Park Theatre 
on the above evening. 

Resolved, That Messrs. Louis Loutrel and G. Chastelain 
be added to the Committee of Arrangements. 

James Allain, sen. John A. Tardy, 

C. Darbefeuille, Louis Gayot, 

Julian Chastelain, Louis Loutrel, 

Joseph Dreyfous, G. Trusson. 

0^ All the French, and descendants of the French, wha 
intend to join in the procession to celebrate the late Revolution 
m France, are requested to assemble at Combault's Hotel, No* 
599 Broadway, on Thursday morning, 26th inst. at 8 o'clock, 
precisely. Tri-coloured badges and cockades, as adopted at 
the general meeting held at Tammany Hall on the 17th inst. 
will be furnished without any charge. 

L. Gayot, Jos. Dreyfous, 

J. A. Tardy, C. Darbefeuille, 

Allain, sen., G. E. Trusson, 

J. Chastelain, L. Loutrel, 

Committee of Arrangements. 



TAILORS. 
At a meeting of Tailors, held at the Sbakspeare Hotels 
corner of Nassau and Fulton streets, on Monday, the 15th instr 
it was 

Unanimously resolved^ That a committee of five be appointed 
to call a General M eeting of the Trade, at No. 1 1 Spruce- 
street, on Thursday the 18th inst., at 7 o'clock, for the purpose 
of appointing delegates to co-operate with those of other trades 
on the 25th inst, to celebrate the recent Revolution in France* 
JOHN D. BRASHEARS, Chairman. 
James Ukswarth, Secretary. 
3^ 



30 CELEBRATION OF Tff^' 

A CARD. 
The Journeymen Coopers' Society, having \in2imm6mfy m^-' 
solved to join in the celebration of the late French Revolution^ 
on the 25th inst, respectfully invite the Masters and Journej- 
men of this city, not members of the Society, to unite with 
them on the occasion, from their place of meeting at the Third 
Ward Hotel, No. 19 Warren-street. 

JAMES SEGUINE, President. 
William Asten, Secretary. 



GOOPERS' APPRENTICES. 

At an adjourned meeting of Coopers' Apprentices, convened 
at the Cooper Shop, No. 89 Pine-street, Charles Dykes being 
called to the Barrel, and Jacob Tremper and Francis Giraud, 
appointed Secretaries, the following preamble and resolutions 
were unanimously adopted ; 

Feeling a proper sense of the benefits that will be realized 
by the achievement of the late glorious Revolution in France — 

Resolved, That we sympathize with the relatives and friends 
of those youthful patriots who perished. 

Resolved, That we rejoice at the triumphant success of those 
surviving young heroes, who, by their courage and good con- 
duct, have added additional lustre to their country's glory. 

Resolved, That our employers be requested to allow us to 
participate in the approaching celebration. 

Resolved, ThaJt they are requested to render us such suitable 
facilities as will add to our credit and respectability on this oc- 
casion. 

Resolved, That our Standard shall bear the motto of '" Free 
Trade and Coopers' Rights.'' 

And it was further resolved. That Master Charles Dykes 
shall be the Marshal of the dav. 

CHARLES DYKES, Chairman. 

Jacob Tremper, } ci ^ • 

FRAI.CIS GlKAUD, r ^^'"*^^^"'- 



BUTCHERS. 

At a numerous meeting of the Butchers of the city of New- 
York, convened pursuant to public notice at J. Acker's Tavern, 
Bowery, for the purpose of considering the propriety of joining 
in the approaching celebration of the 25th of November, 
Jacob Aims was called to the chair, and Thomas Jeremiah ap^ 
pointed Secretary. 

The following resolutions were then submitted and passed 
unanimously. 



IREfOLtfTlON IN FRANCE, 1830. 3 J 

Resolved, That whereas a very general sentiment prevails 
among our fellow-citizens, that the late successful struggle of 
the French People in favour of Constitutional Liberty should 
receive their public approbation ; and whereas the period ap- 
pointed for that purpose is one which we hail among the 
proudest in the history of our RepubUc ; therefore 

Resolved, That we will cheerfully unite with the various 
associations who propose to celebrate the 25th Nov. 1830. 

Resolved, That in common with our fellow-citizens, we feel 
the mighty debt incurred during the period of our revolutionary 
struggle, in consequence of the voluntary and generous aid 
furnished by the French People, and that in rendering them 
the tribute now proposed, we but act on the side of simple 
justice, while at the same time we feel assured that the noble 
spirits who guard the destinies of France will be more grati- 
fied than though our national treasury had showered upon them 
its millions. 

Resolved, That we view in the recent movements in Europe, 
exemplified by the brief but conclusive war of Paris, a happy 
evidence that man is free when he wills to be free ; while at 
the same time the solemn admonition is conveyed to us, that 
freedom may be lost when we cease to appreciate its blessings. 

Resolved, That with the view of giving effect to our in- 
tended celebration, that a committee of twenty be appointed 
from the several markets, with the chairman and secretary, and 
that said committee have full power to appoint sub-committees 
and make every necessary arrangement to accomplish the ob- 
ject of the meeting. Whereupon the following gentlemen were 
named and unanimously approved : John Henning, Albert 
Fisher, Jacob Ridabock, Mathevv Bird, John P. Aims, Henry 
Hide, Thomas Winship, Benjamin Ward, Leonard Smith, Joho 
Flock, Daniel S. Hide, Arnest Fisk, Jacob Vogell, George 
Clinch, John Fash, William Vanch, George Vaughan> Christian 
Harriet, P. Underbill, J. Wheaton, Jacob Aims, Thos. Jere- 
miah. 

Resolved, That Jacob Aims, George Clinch, and Thos. Je- 
remiah be, and the same are hereby appointed delegates to con- 
fer with the General Committee of Arrangements at Tammany 
Hall. 

Resolved, That the Butchers of Brooklyn village and Jersey 
city be invited to partake with us in the proposed celebration. 

Resolved, That the following gentlemen form a committee 
auxiliary to the general committee. John Trigler, John Scott^ 
Walter Desbrow, Daniel Winship, Wm. Rellenger, Wm. Mook^ 
Charles Gwyer, John Perrin, Lansing Jervis, B. Granger, 



32 CELEBRATION OP THE 

Resolved, That John Trigler be requested to serve as Grand 
Marshal, with power to appoint his aids. 

Jacob Aims, President. 
Thos. Jeremiah, Secretary. 

TO SADDLERS. 

The Saddlers of the city of New York, are requested to 
attend a general meeting of the trade, to be held at Phenix Ho- 
tel, 142 Fulton-street, this evening, at 7 o'clock, to take into 
consideration the propriety of joining our fellow-citizens in ce- 
lebrating the glorious events in France. 

Such evening papers as are friendly to the objects of this^ 
meeting are requested to copy the above. 



LEATHER DRESSERS. 

At a numerous and respectable meeting of Leather Dres- 
sers held last evening at Hamilton House, 216 William- 
street, it was unanimously resolved, that we join in the ensuing' 
celebration on the 23th Nov. next, in honour of the late glo- 
rious French revolution. John E. Cameneyr.^ Joseph Watson^ 
and John H. Bowie were appointed delegates to meet the ge- 
neral committee at Tammany Hall. Signed 

Joseph Watson, President. 

John H. Bowie, Secretary. 



CORDWAINERS. 

At a numerous and respectable meeting of Ae Cord- 
wainers held last evening, the 1 7th instant, at the Sixth Ward* 
Hotel, Duane-street,,at which Mathew Armstrong was called 
to the chair, and Thomas Baker appointed Secretary, it was 
unanimously 

Resolved, That we join in the ensuing celebration on the 26th 
Nov. in honour of the late glorious event of the French revo- 
lution. Accordingly Henry Walton, Mathew Armstrong, and 
John Scribner were appointed to meet the general committee 
at Tammany Hall, on the 18th instant. 

Mathjew Armstrong, President. 

Thomas Baker, Secretary. 



PAINTERS, ATTEND. 
The general committee of arrangements will meet on^ 
Tuesday evening, the 23d instant, at Harmony Hall, corner of 
William and Duane Streets, to transact such business as may 
be connected with the celebration of the French revolution. 
Those painters who feel disposed to join the procession, are 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 18S0. 33 

requested to be present at the meeting, to obtain suitable 
badges for the occasion. 

Thomas W. Pooley, President. 
Michael Ryan, Secretary. 



^BRICKLAYERS, PLASTERERS, AND SLATERS. 

At an adjourned meeting of the Bricklayers, Plasterers, and 
Slaters, held at Broadway House, on Thursday evening, 18tb 
instant, it was 

Resolved, That all disposed to unite with them in the cele- 
bration of the glorious French revolution, are requested to meet 
with them at Broadway House on Tuesday evening next, at 7 
o'clock. 



BLACK AND WHITE SMITHS. 

At a well attended meeting of the Black and White Smiths 
of the city and county of New-York, held at Broadway House 
on the evening of the 18th instant, Mr. William Gamble was 
called to the chair, and Moses l^^vans appointed Secretary, it was 

Resolved, That John Kneringer, Colin Tolme, and Moses 
Evans be a delegation appointed to meet the general committee 
of arrangements at Tammany Hall, and to unite with them in 
celebrating the late extraordinary revolution in France. It was 
further 

Resolved, That a general invitation be given to the Black 
and White Smiths of the city and county of New- York, to Join 
in common with their fellow citizens, in the celebration of that 
event ; and that the meeting adjourn, to meet again at the pre- 
sent place of meeting on the evening of Monday, the 22d in- 
stant, for making farther arrangements to that effect ; and 
that the proceedings of this meeting be signed by the chair- 
man and secretary, and published in the city papers. 

William Gamble, Chairman. 

Moses Evans, Secretary. 



HOUSE CARPENTERS, SHIP JOINERS, SASH AND BLIND 

MAKERS. 

At a meeting of the House Carpenters, Ship Joiners, Sash 
and Blind Makers, held last evening at the Westchester House, 
Bowery, according to notice, John Dean was appointed 
chairman, and Wm. Morris, Secretary. The following was 

Resolved, That John McCoy, Wm. Morris, Hendrickson 
Waters, Moses E. Oakley, and Samuel Burrows, form a com- 
mittee of arrangements. 

John Dean, Chairman. 

W. MoKRis, Secretary. 



34 CELEBRATION OF THE 

STEAM ENGINE BUILDERS. 

At a meeting of the Steam Engine Builders and Boiler Ma- 
kers, held last evening, at No. 426 Lombardy Street, Mr. 
George Newcom was called to the chair, and Mr. Richard Bar- 
ton appointed Secretary. On motion, 

Resolved, That measures be adopted for celebrating the 
late glorious revolution in France. 

Again, on motion, resolved. That a committee of five be ap- 
pointed to wait on the general committee at Tammany Hall, 
on Monday evening next, at 7 o'clock. 

On motion resolved, That the following gentlemen here ap- 
pointed on the committee, Wm. Leister, Charles Makepeace, 
Sherman Havens, Cornelius Canoun, and John Richester. 

Resolved, That a general invitation be given to all steam 
engine builders and boiler makers in the city, to join with us 
on the occasion. 

Further resolved, That a committee of three be appointed for 
that purpose. 

Resolved, That the committee consist of the following gen- 
tlemen : W. Lowery, Benj. GofF, and Wm. Jusuck. 

George Newgom, Chairman. 

Richard Barton, Secretary. 



STONE CUTTERS. 

At a general meeting of Stone Cutters, held at the Working 
Men's House, 95 Chapel-street, on Wednesday evening, Nov. 
17th, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That we consider the French revolution of 1830 
an event of deep interest, not only to France but to the world ; 
an event calculated to arouse throughout Europe the spirit of 
liberty, to teach monarchs that they cannot always with im- 
punity sport with the lives and property of their subjects, re- 
gardless of their rights and their happiness — to teach them that 
there is in reahty no sovereign power but the will of the 
people. 

Resolved, therefore, That with appropriate dresses and ban- 
ners, we will un e with the numerous mechanic, literary, and 
other societies, c ri the 25th instant, in the celebration of that 
truly memorable event. 

Andrew Wilson, Chairman. 

W. B. Sawyer, ) g^.^etaries 
James Clark, 3 



MUSICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS. 
At a meeting composed of the Musical Instrument Makers 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 35 

of the city, held at 66 Division-street, for the purpose of join- 
ing in the celebration, Mr. John Black was called to^the chair, 
and Thomas Kearsey and John Pethick were appointed secre- 
taries. 

On motion, resolved. That we join as a body in the celebra- 
tion of the ensuing anniversary of the evacuation of our city by 
the British forces, and the recent glorious events in France. 

Resolved, That a committee of arrangements be appointed 
to meet at the Westchester House to-morrow evening at 7 
o'clock. 

Resolved, That these proceedings be published in all friendly 
papers. 

Resolved, That we now adjourn to meet at the Westchester 
House on Wednesday evening at 7 o'clock, and that manufac- 
turers generally be invited to attend. 

N. B. Professors of music are respectfully invited to attend. 



TO THE CABINET MAKERS. 

The Committee of Arrangements, according to a resolution 
of the 23d inst. do hereby notify the trade in general, that 
they have appointed Broadway Hall, as a place of meeting on 
the morning of the 25th inst. at 8 o'clock precisely. The Ca- 
binet Makers who feel disposed to unite with us on the occa- 
sion, are > requested to furnish themselves with Badges and 
Cockades, at John Ford's, No. 208 Broadway. 

The Committee have appointed Samuel Waterbery as Mar- 
shal for the occasion, assisted by the Committee of Arrange- 
ments. Samuel Waterbery, Chairman. 

Henry A. Berniaud, Secretary. 



UPHOLSTERERS. 
The Upholsterers of the city of_ New- York are requested to 
attend a meeting to be held at the Shakspeare Hotel, corneir 
of Nassau and Fulton-streets, on Thursday evening the 18th 
inst. at 8 o'clock, for the purpose of taking measures to cele- 
brate the late glorious Revolution in France, 



CARVERS, GILDERS, &c. 

At the meeting of Carvers, Gilders, and Frame-makers, 
held on Friday last, the following persons were appointed a 
Committee of Arrangement, to provide Banners, Badges, dz^c. 
suitable for the approaching celebration : David Stewart, Fran- 
cis Renouf, John Shimmins, Edwin T. Bennet, Samuel Ken- 
nedy, and Wm. S. Conely. 

Chs. Del Vecchio was elected Marshal of the day, Thomas 



36 CELEBRATION OF THE 

Millard and Edwin T. Bennett as aids. On motion, re- 
solved, That we hereby invite the Gold Beaters and Looking 
Glass Storekeepers, to attend our next meetini^ and co-operate 
with us on the occasion. The apprentices are also invited to 
attend. 

Adjourned, to meet next Tuesday evening at 8 o'clock, at 
Westchester House. Chs. Del Vecchio, Chairman. 

Jas. S. Greig, Secretary. 

CHAIR MAKERS. 

At a meeting of the Fancy and Windsor Chair Makers and 
Gilders of the city of New-York, held at the corner of Mott 
and Chatham streets on Wednesday evening the 1 7th inst. ,Mr. 
John R. Cowperthwaite was called to the chair, and Mr. Daniel 
Smith appointed secretary, when, on motion. 

Resolved, That we will join with our fellow-citizens in cele- 
brating the glorious Revolution of France. 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to confer 
with the Delegates at Tammany Hall, in relation to the cele- 
bration on the 25th inst. Mr. John K. Cowperthwaite, Mr. H. 
Bunnell, Mr. J. Robertson, committee. 

John K. Cowperthwaite, Chairman. 

Daniel Smith, Secretary. 



SADDLERS. 

A meeting of the Saddlers will be held this evening, at 7 
o'clock, at the Phceoix Hotel, 142 Fulton-st., to hear the re- 
ports of the Committees appointed to make preparations for the 
approaching Celebration. General and punctual attendance is 
requested. Rob r. Dingee, Chairman. 

P. C. Metcalf, Secretary. 



TOBACCONISTS. 
The several Tobacconists of the city of New- York and its 
vicinity who feel disposed to join in the celebration of the late 
glorious Revolution in France, are requested to meet on Mon- 
day evening next, 22d inst. at half past seven o'clock, at West- 
chester House, Bowery, to make the necessary arrangements 
therefor. 



NEWS CARRIERS. 
At a meeting of the New- York News Carriers Benerolent 
Association, held at the house of Mrs. A. L. Delamater, on 
Monday evening, the 22d day of Nov. 1830. Mr. Wm. Jones, 
the President, in the chair, and Mr. James Moore, was appointed 
Seoret^iry. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 37 

Resolved, That we will join with our fellow-citizens on the 
25th inst. in celebrating the recent Revolution in France. 

Resolved, That we do hereby invite the News Carriers 
generally, of the Daily and Weekly Publications in this city, to 
join our procession on the above day. 

Resolved that Mr. Abraham Ridgeway, Mr. John Kelly, and 
Samuel G. WyckofT, act as our delegates to represent us to the 
General Committee at Tammany Hall. 

Resolved, That the Association meet at Montgomery House, 
338 Broadway, on Thursday the 2bih inst. at half past 8 o'clock 
precisely. Wm. Jones, Chairman. 

James Moore, Secretary, pro tem. 

N. B, Badges furnished by the Association. 



FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

At a special meeting of the Board of Engineers and Fore- 
men, held on Thursday evening last, the 18 th inst. at Firemen's 
Hall, it was unanimously 

Resolved, That the members of this Department will unite 
with their fellow-citizens in celebrating the late triumphant and 
glorious contest for Liberty, and the overthrow of Tyranny in 
France. 

Resolved, That the following persons constitute the several 
Committees to make the necessary arrangements : — 

Badge Committee — F. R. Lee, G. De Angelis, J. Murphy, 

D. B. Palmer, G. Hamilton. 

Music Committee — James Gulick, J. S. Huggitt, D. Weeden, 

E. VVinhip, P. Baseter. 

Marshal's Committee — D. J. Williams, T. Howe, D. Die- 
trich, R. F. North, Isaac Rhodes. 

Finance Committee — Morris Franklin, A. B. Rich, W. B. 
Townsend, E. T. Lewis, J. A. Roome. 

Resolved, That Uzziah Wenman, W. P. Disosway, and D. 
B. Palmer, be a Committee to inform the Grand Marshal of 
the da^ of the proceedings of this meeting. 

Resolved, that James Gulick be appointed Grand Marshal, 
and John Ryket, Jr. and Thomas Howe, Deputy Marshals for 
the Fire Department. Uzziah Wenman, Chairman. 

Wm. p. Disosway, Secretary. 



TO THE EXEMPT FIREMEN. 
At a meeting of the Board of Engineers and Foremen, held 
at Firemen's Hall, on Thursday evening last, the 18th inst. it 
was unanimously 

4 



S8 CELEBEATION OF THE 

Resolved, That the Exempt Members of the Fire Depart- 
ment be respectfully invited to join with the Firemen in cele- 
brating the late Revolution in France. 

UzziAH Wenman, Chairman. 

Wm. p. Discs way, Secretary. 



At a meeting of the Fire Wardens, held at Firemen's Hall, 
on the 22d inst. it was on motion unanimously 

Resolved, That, participating in the feelings of our brother 
Firemen, in celebrating the recent success of the hberties of the 
French people, that we, as a body, join in the procession with 
our brother Firemen. 

Resolved, That we assemble at the Hospital Green (in 
Broadway), at 8 o'clock, on the 25th inst. and that the exempt 
Wardens are respectfully invited to join with us on the occa- 
sion. John W. Degraw, Chairman. 

Cornelius Agnew, Secretary. 



SEAMEN'S SOCIETY. 
At a meeting of this Society, held at Hamilton House, on 
Friday evening, 19th inst. it was unanimously 

Resolved, That the members of this Society will unite with 
their fellow-citizens in celebrating the late triumphant victory 
and overthrow of tyranny in France. 

JoNo. MuNsoN, President. 
J. C. Nicholson, Secretary. 



PILOTS OF THE PORT. 

At a meeting of the Pilots of the Port of New-York, by 
way of Sandy Hook, held on Monday morning, at Germaine 
Hotel, it was unanimously resolved that they join in the ensuing 
celebration on the 25th November, in honour of the late glo- 
rious French Revolution, whereupon, John Minugh, Renben 
Hope, Thomas Hope, John Tennure, and Robert T. Norris 
were appointed a Committeeof Arrangements to meet the Ge- 
neral Committee at Tammany Hall. 

Resolved, That v/e invite the Hurl Gate Pilots to join us in 
the procession. 

Resolved, That David Mitchell be appointed Marshal of 
the Day. John White, Chairman. 

RoBT. T. B, Mitchell, Secretary. 



WATERMEN. 
At a meeting of the Watermen of the city of New- York and 
its vicinity, held last evening at the News Office, Whitehall, 



rbvoltjtion in prance, 1830* Si 

Mi". Ilichard'Robins was called to the Chair, and Wm. Gibson 
appointed Secretary, and the following preamble and resolutions 
unanimously adopted : — 

Whereas it has been determined by a meeting of citizens 
held recently at Tammany Hall, to celebrate, on the 25th inst- 
the late triumph of liberal principles in France. 

Therefore, resolved. That in accordance with a general invi- 
tation of the Committee of Arrangements, we will unite with 
our fellow-citizens in the procession on that occasion. 

Resolved, That Mr. Cornelius Cammeyer be appointed Mar- 
shal of the day. 

Resolved, That we will unite with the Printers of the daily 
journals in the procession ; and that the Marshal be requested 
to confer with them on the subject. 

Resolved, That the thanks of the meeting be transmitted to 
Major George V. Howard, for the tender of his elegant race 
boat Whitehall, for the occasion, and that the same be accepted. 

Resolved, That the Chairman and Secretary of this meeting, 
and the Marshal of the day, constitute a Committee of Arrange- 
ments to prepare the emblems, &c., for the procession. 

Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published 
in all the daily papers. Richard Robbins, Chairman* 

Wm. Gibson, Secretary. 



JEWELLERS AND SILVERSMITHS. 
The Jewellers and Silversmitlis are requested to meet at the 
Exchange Coffee House, corner of Nassau and Pine Streets, 
this evening precisely at 7 o'clock, to make arrangements to 
celebrate the late French Revolution. By the request of many 
Jewellers and Silversmiths. 



COMB MAKERS. 

At a meeting of the Comb Makers held at the Bowery 
House, corner of Broome-st. and Bowery, on Friday evening 
the 19th inst., it was 

Resolved, That we, as a body of mechanics, do participate 
with our fellow-citizens on the approaching celebration of the 
late events in France. 

Resolved, That the Comb Makers in this, and the adjoining 
States, together with others friendly to our intentions, be invited 
to join with us in the proposed celebration. 

Resolved, That the Comb Makers meet on Tuesday evening, 
the 23d inst. at 7 o'clock, P. M. to make the necessary pre- 
parations, preparatory to the celebration, and that general and 
punctual attendance be requested* 



40 CELEBRATION OF THE 

Resolved, That the proceedings be signed by the Chairman 
and Secretary, and published, E. B. Thayer, Chairman. 
Abraham Weeks, Secretary, 



THE NEW-YORK GAS WORKMEN'S FRIENDLY SOCIETY, 

At a meeting of this Society, called for the purpose of taking 
into consideration the propriety of joining our fellow-citi- 
zens in celebrating the late glorious French Revolution, the 
following resolutions were adopted. 

Resolved, That we, as a body, do participate with our fellow- 
citizens in the approaching celebration of the late events in 
France^ 

Resolved, That Robert H. Todd, Daniel Wishart, and Alex- 
ander Marshall, be our delegates to represent us at the General 
Committee. 

Resolved, That Alexander Marshall, Robert H. Todd, Wm. 
Davies, Thomas Marsh, Wm. Greenfield, be a Committee of 
Arrangement to provide a suitable banner, badges, &c. 

Resolved, That the Society meet at the sign of the Blue 
Bonnet, Frankfort street^ on Thursday the £5th,^at half past eight 
o'clock, A. M, Alexander Marshall, President, 

Thomas Marsh, Secretary. 



HIBERNIAN UNIVERSAL BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. 
An extra meeting of the '^Hibernian Universal Benevolent 
Society," of the city of New- York," will be held this evening 
(Monday), at Mr.McDermott's, Sixth Ward Hotel, at 7 o'clock, 
precisely, to make appropriate arrangements for celebrating on 
the £5th inst, the late glorious events in France, A punctual 
attendance of the members is requested. 

By order of the President. 
B. M'AvoY, Secretary. 



TYPE FOUNDERS. 

At a numerous and respectable meeting of Type Founders? 
assembled pursuant to notice, at the Franklin buildings, on 
Friday evening, Nov. 19, Peter C. Cortelyou, was called to 
the Chair, and David Bruce, jun. chosen Secretary; it was, on 
motion, 

Resolved, That conceiving as we do. the late important 
change produced in the condition of France, is greatly to be 
attributed to the constant discharge of the Artillery of the 
Press, bravely levelled in defence of their political liberty, and 
i^eling ever ready to furnish ammunition to maintain so glo* 



Mt^CrLTfTiOl^ IN FRANCE, 1830, 41 

rious a warfare, we most cordially determine to joifi in the 
celebration of so joyful a victory. 

Resolved, That we now adjourn to meet again on Tuesday 
evening next, at 7 o'clock, at St. John's Hall. 

Peter C. Cortelyou, Chairman. 

David Bruce, Jun. Secretary. 



BOOKBINDERS. 
At an extra meeting of ^e New York Association of Jour- 
neymen Bookbinders, heW at Ira Clark's, Park Row, on 
Monday, 16th Nov. it was unanimously resolved, that the So- 
ciety unite with their fellow-citizens in celebrating this glorious 
event ; and that a meeting of the Association be held on Fri- 
day evening next, to make the necessary preparations. 
By order of the President. 

John Salmon, Secretary. 



CARTMEN'S MEETING. 
At a meeting held according to adjournment at Acker's 
Hotel, corner Bowery and Stanton streets, on Monday even- 
ing, the 22d instant, Wm. Whitley was called to the chair, and' 
James Lattin and Jonathan Knapp were chosen secretaries^ 
and it was resolved unanimously that Mr. Jonathan Knapp 
address the meeting ; accordingly the following was delivered. 
P Mr. Chairman, and fellow-cartmen, — I take the liberty of 
offering a few remarks to this meeting upon the propriety of 
our celebrating the late Revolution in France. — Many of our 
citizens consider the event of little or no importance to the 
inhabitants of the United States ; but, Mr. Chairman, I think 
very different of such an event when France is concerned. 
Let us look back to the history of our own country during the 
struggle for independence, a contest which gave birth to a na- 
tion, ifjt is not already, it bids fair to be the greatest among 
the nations of the earth, and permit me to tell you, fellow- 
cartmen, in my humble opinion, that had it not been for the 
assistance of Lafayette, and the French army and fleet that' 
were sent to this country, that we would have been groaning 
under the British yoke of tyranny to this day ; and there is 
no doubt but oppression upon oppression would have been 
heaped upon our necks far more burthensome than our fathers 
before the Revolution experienced— and shall we refuse to 
show our gratitude and respect to France and the companion 
of Washington, the father of our country. Where is the 
tiinn that has done so great a deed as Lafayette, without ih& 

4* 



42 CELEBRATI0H €^ Tir£ 

hope or expectation of reward ? It is true that we had mrm 
of the best generals that history gives any account of. But 
our men were nearly worn out by fatigue, and our army re- 
duced to a handful of good rneuj and our ways and means for 
carrying on the war were entirely expended, and at this awful 
^ijd critical juncture, the French having a spirit of independ- 
ence, flew to our aid, and the combined forces freed us from 
the tyrannical grasp of the British king : and, fellow-cartmen, 
let our conduct on the approaching 25th instant show to the 
world that we are Americans at h^art, and let us beware of 
that destroyer of the character of mankind, let our conduct on 
that day particularly, be such that we may gain the respect of 
all classes of the American community, that the character of 
the cartmen of the city of New York may rank as high as 
any other class of the community. 

It was further resolved, that a committee be appointed to 
wait on the cartmen of Brooklyn, requesting them to associate 
with us. 

Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be published, 
together with the above address. 

Wm. Whitley, Chairman. 



James Lattiis, ? ^ ^ • 
T Tz } becretaries. 

JoNATHArv' KnAPP, ) 



At a very numerous meeting of public cartmen, held accord- 
ing to public notice at the Military Hall, corner of Grand and 
Ludlow streets, on the evening of the 19th Nov. 1830, for the 
purpose of adopting a plan of organization to be observed at 
the celebration of the French Revolution on the 25th instant, 
Wm. Whitley was chosen chairman, and Jonathan Knapp and 
James Lattin appointed secretaries. The following resolu- 
tions were unanimously adopted, viz. 

Resolved, That Richard Robinson (Foreman of Class 
No. 1) officiate as Grand Foreman, and Garrit Van Ostrand, 
and Abm. Voorhees, assistants. 

Resolved, That Maj.. John Carnes be Grand Marshal, and 
Wm. Whitley, Wm. B. Traph Hagen, George Sibelt, John 
Van Wart, Jonathan Knapp, and Thomas Bloomer, assistants. 

Resolved, That the cartmen assemble at the junction of the 
Bowery and Third Avenue, on the 25th instant, and that the 
line be formed at 8 o'clock A. M. precisely. 

Resolved, that the cartmen appear on horseback, wearing a 
white frock, cartmen's badge on the left breast, and tri-coloure4 
cockade. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 43 

Resolved, That such other regulations as are necessary, be 
made by the different committees appointed for that purpose, 
and by future meetings of the cartmen. 

Resolved, That these proceedings be published in the papers 
friendly to the cause of liberty, 

William Whitley, Chairman. 



Jonathan Knapp, ) g^^^etaries. 
James Lattin, ^ 



APPRENTICES. 

A meeting of the New- York Apprentices was held at Broad- 
way Hall on the 23d instant, agreeably to pubHc notice, to take 
into consideration the propriety of celebrating the late Revo- 
lution in France — on motion, Mr. John Green was appointed 
chairman, and Wm. H. Chandler, secretary, for the evening. 

Resolved, That it is considered expedient to celebrate, with 
the citizens of this city, the late Revolution in France. 

Resolved, That we nominate three candidates to meet the 
Committee of Arrangements this evening at Tammany Hall, 
viz. Wm. S. More, Josephus N. Crain, and Robert Hoey, 
who reported their success, and their place in the procession, 
immediately after the cartmen. 

Resolved, That the apprentices who intend to take part in 
the celebration on that day, are requested to invite their asso- 
ciates, and to wear the tri-coloured cockade. 

On motion, it was resolved, That a committee be appointed 
to make the necessary arrangements for the day, to consist of 
six ; viz. Achilles R. Crain, Robert Hoey, Josephus N. Crain, 
Wm. S. More, Charles Byram, and John Ball. 

The Committee of Arrangements have taken into considera- 
tion, the duty they owe, as a society of young men, to celebrate, 
as far as in them lies, the 25tb of November, in unison with 
their seniors, in commemoration of the glorious Revolution in 
France, and do unanimously recommend to the association the 
following resolutions : 

Resolved, That the apprentices now present will ask their 
fellow-apprentices to meet with them on the 26th of November, 
at No. 440, Broadway Hall, half past 7 o'clock. 

Resolved, That every apprentice will furnish himself with a 
tri-coloured cockade for the occasion. 

Resolved, That a marshal and two aids be appointed to su- 
perintend and direct the order of the day—Robert Hoey for 
marshal, and Charles Byram and Wm. S, More, appointed as^ 
aids. 



44 CELEBRATION GF TSiE 

Resolved, Thsit any young mechanic who feels disposed to 
bring out any piece of work on that day, be allowed the privi- 
lege to do the same. 

Resolved, That the proceedings ofthis meeting be published 
in all the papers friendly to the cause. 

Resolved, That the master mechanics be requested to allow 
their apprentices to take part in the celebration of the day. 

John Green, Chairman. 

Wm. H. Chandler, Secretary. 



AUCTIONEERS' CLERKS. 

At a meeting held on Saturday evening, it was unanimously 
resolved, to celebrate the triumph of liberal principles, by join- 
ing in the celebration on the 25th instant. The bamjiers of 
the auctioneers will be borne by the chairman and secretary of 
the meeting. Samuel Peck, Chairman. 

James Morrison, Secretary, 



^ MERCHANTS' CLERKS. 

At a meetingof the merchants' clerks of the city of New-York, 
at the Shakspeare Hotel, on Tuesday evening, November 23d, 
Joseph Breck was called to the chair, and T. Tuttle, jun. ap- 
pointed secretary. The following preamble and resolutions 
were unanimously adopted : 

That in consideration of the late glorious events in France, 
which have placed her among the free nations of the earth, we 
deem it expedient to join with the other associations in the 
celebration to take place on the 25th inst. Therefore, Re- 
solved, 

1st. That we join with our fellow-citizens in celebrating the 
late Revolution in France. 

2d. That a committee of three be appointed to wait on the 
Tammany Hall Committee, and request that a suitable place 
be assigned us in the procession. 

3d. That this committee consist of the chairman, secretary, 
and Wm. M'Cauley. 

4th. That a suitable badge and cockade be obtained for the 
occasion. 

5th. That a committee be appointed to prepare an invitation 
to the clerks generally to co-operate with us. When all classes^ 
of our fellow-citizens are taking active measures to celebrate 
the late glorious Revolution in France, it would ill become the 
merchants' clerks of this city to remain inactive on the occa- 
sion^ We, the eommittee (xippointed for that" purpose), dw 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 45 

respectfully request them to participate with us in the festivities 
of the day. As the means of doing this with the more unani- 
mity, they would earnestly request them to meet this evening 
at the Exchange Coffee-House, to receive the reports of the 
various committees appointed last evening. 

6tb. That this meeting be adjourned till Wednesday evening, 
at the Exchange Coffee-House, corner of Nassau and Pine 
streets, ^t 7 o'clock. 

7th. Resolved, That the proceedings of this meeting be 
pubhshed in the Daily Advertiser, and Courier and Enquirer. 

Joseph Breck, Chairman. 

T. M. Tuttle, Secretary. 



FIRST DIVISION NEVV^-YORK STATE ARTILLERY. 
Division Orders, 

New-York, Nov. Id, IS30. 

The several societies and associations of the citizens having 
agreed to celebrate by a public procession the glorious events 
which took place in France on the 27th, 28th, and 29th days 
of July last, have invited the corps of Artillery to unite with 
them on the occasion. They have selected for the time of the 
celebration the 25th instant, a day rendered interesting to us 
as the anniversary of the day which restored our citizens to 
their altars and their homes, at the close of the Revolutionary 
War. 

As members of this free Republic we cannot but hail with 
joy the extension of the blessings of freedom to the other 
members of the great family of mankind. And we cannot 
but view with feelings of the deepest interest and pleasure, the 
establishment of the principles of freedom and self-government 
in that nation, whose gallant soldiers shed their blood with 
ours in the War of Independence. 

The Major-General was therefore pleased with the ready 
assent of the corps t^ co-operate with their fellow-citizens in 
the proposed celebration. 

The Committee of Arrangements for the civic procession 
have directed the several societies to assemble in Canal-street, 
to move at 10 o'clock. 

The Major-General therefore directs the troops of the division 
to form in Hudson-street, on Thursday, the 25th instant, the 
right resting on Canal-street, so that the line be prepared for 
review at a quarter before ten o'clock precisely. Brigadier- 
General Hopkins, of the Foot Artillery,^ will cause the national 
flag to be hoisted at the Battery at sunrise, and will fire a na- 



46 CELEBRATION OF THE 

tional salute at Washington Parade Ground, at the close of 
the Address, which will be delivered by Samuel L. Gouver- 
neur, Esq. 

Col. A. Ming, jun. and Lieut.-CoL Andrew Warner, of the 
13th regiment, will officiate in the staff of the Major-General, 
and will be recognised accordingly. 

The Committee of Arrangements having recommended the 
tri-coloured badge to be worn in the procession, the Major- 
General recommends to the corps the adoption of the same. 

Commissary-General Muir will furnish the necessary ammu- 
nition for a salute, and for nine rounds of musketry, upon re- 
quisition from the proper authorities. 

By order of Major-General Morton. 

S. D. Jackson, Division Inspector. 



INFANTRY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF |NEW-YORK. 
The officers of the Infantry of the city and county of New 
York, will assemble in Varick-street, opposite St.' John's Cha- 
pel, on the 25th instant, at 9 o'clock, A. M. precisely, in full 
uniform, and on foot, for the purpose of joining in the con- 
templated celebration of the late triumph of Freedom in 
France. 



George S, Doughty, Brig. Gen. 

3d Div. Infantry. 
Wm. L. Morris, Col. 97th Reg. 

46th Brig. 28th Div. Infantry. 
John Lloyd, Col. iOth Reg. 

3d Brig. 2d Div. Infantry. 






s 
s 

o 
O 



N.B» The appropriate tri-coloured badge to be worn on' the 
breast, may be obtained on the ground at the time of assem- 
bling. 

The letter of the regulations of the U. S. Army and the 
practice of the officers under it, appear to have varied in rela- 
tion to v)earing the sash when off duty ; but in accordance 
with the practice adopted in the Army — the sash will he worn 
on the present occasion. 



THIRD DIVISION OF N. Y. S. INFANTRY. 
The officers of this division are invited to join in the cele- 
bration, on the 25lh instant, of the Revolution in France. They 
will assemble in the uniform of their corps, on Thursday next, 
at 9 o'clock A. M. precisely, in Varick-street, in front of St. 
John's Church.^ Augustus Fleming, 

Maj. Gen. of 3d Div. Inf. 



^mt 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 47 

THIRD REGIMENT N. Y. S. ARTILLERY. 
4^/i Company Jackson Guards, 

This company will assemble for parade in full uniform at 
the Arsenal Yard, on the 25th instant, at half past 7 o'clock, 
A. M. to commemorate the Evacuation of this City by the 
British in 1783, and also the late glorious Revolution in 
France, which has set so happy an example to the oppressed 
of all nations. 

The members will call for badges at the Captain's quarters, 
75 Catharine-street. 

By order of Captain Ridden. 

Charles Doherty, O. S. 



WASHINGTON GUARDS. 

Second Regiment N, Y. S. Light Infantry. 

Regimental Orders. 

New- York, November 11 tk, 1830, 

The Commandant cannot allow this, the first opportunity, to 
pass, without expressing the pleasure he experienced on the 
day of the last inspection parade. The prompt attention, sol- 
dier-like deportment, and neat appearance of the regiment, 
were such as to merit his most decided approbation. 

The late glorious Revolution in France, by which a whole na- 
tion was delivered from the iron hand of oppression, and made 
free and independent, having received the unanimous applause 
of every friend of Liberty — it is therefore with peculiar satis- 
faction that the Commandant announces to the regiment, that 
he has received an invitation from the Committee appointed 
(by the meeting at which James Monroe, formerly President 
of the United States, presided) to make arrangements for 
the commemoration of this grand event ; and likewise from 
the Commandant of the First Brigade of New- York Artillery, 
to join his command. The Commandant cannot refrain from 
exprevSsing his belief, that every man attached to his command 
who glories in the name of an American, and who values the 
liberty of his own country, will ha^il with delight the opportunity 
of celebrating the *^ Three Glorious Days" — the harbingers of 
universal liberty to Europe. 

The regiment will parade in full uniform, without knapsacks, 
on Thursday, the 25th instant. The line to be formed in 
Chatham square at 8^ o'clock, A. M. Commandants of Com- 
panies will order their commands sufficiently early to enable 
the Adjutant to have the line formed by the time specified. 



48 CELEBKAiTION OS THE 

A tri-coloured breast-knot will be furnished each officer, non- 
commissioned officer, and private on the ground. 
By order of G. P. Hewitt, Colonel. 

H. M*CuTCHEN, Acting Adjutant. 

THE OFFICERS OF THE U. S. ARMY. 
The officers of the U. S. Army during the late war will 
meet at the Adelphi Hotel, in Canal-street, on the morning of 
the 25th instant, at half past 8 o'clock, with black cockade 
and eagle, as worn during that war, and the French badge of 
the day, to join in the celebration of French emancipation. 
By order of Major Howakd, President. 
W. T. WiLLARD, Secretary, 



25th NOVEMBER, 1830. 

This day, ever memorable from an event so peculiarly iden- 
tified with our Revolutionary history, was at this crisis to burst 
upon us with an increase of intense interest. It was the day 
appointed to commingle with our own rejoicings events 
equally glorious to France, and of promising benefit to all 
mankind — to commemorate the disenthralment of our early 
ally upon that very day, the return of which, for forty-seven 
yearS; had been signalized as one of enthusiastic recollection. 
The patriotic feeling was not circumscribed to this great city : 
it spread throughout the State and the adjacent country ; and 
its influence conducted thousands to the spot where was to be 
presented a sublime and imposing spectacle, rendered so by 
thie hallowed causes that called for it, and by the zealous and 
undivided effort to make it worthy the great objects contem- 
plated. 

For several days preceding, our steamboats and stages 
were in continual requisition, conveying throngs of our fair 
countrywomen, who, with fathers, husbands, and brothers, 
participating in the noble feeling, were desirous to be present, 
— to look upon and to share in all of grateful pleasure, and 
of pure delight, that would grow out of the events of the day. 
The Committee of Arrangement had notified, that should the 
weather be unfavourable, the celebration would be postponed 
to the first fair day succeeding. The morning of the 24th was 
indicative of such postponement — the evening realized all 
doubt; and the 25th was ushered in, not by the bells' merry 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 49 

peal, the loud sounding cannon, and alJ the active and joyful 
note of preparation, but by a continuation of the north- east 
storm, which unceasingly raged in despite of disappointed 
man. The day, however, was yet the ^2bth of J^ovember^ 
and was not to be forgotten by the Veteran Corps of Artillery ; 
they had braved the missiles of battle in the gloomy hour that 
tried men's souls, and they were not to be dismayed by the 
pelting of the storm. These men of '' 1776" at early light 
repaired to the Battery, and from the cannon's mouth told, 
in loud re-echoing sound, that it was the proud and hearty 
welcome of the return of a day glorious in our nation's his- 
tory. The stars and stripes waved majestically from the 
summit of our batteries, our national vessels, and our public 
edifices. The shipping also exhibited this proud insignia of 
the Republic^ and several societies, as they were wont to do, 
celebrated the day around the festive board. 

The morning of the 26th opened to view under a more aus- 
picious sky ; and, at early dawn, nearly the whole population 
©f this immense city were in active movement. One spirit, 
one feeling seemed to pervade all ranks and ages ; and, save 
a pitiful few, whom nothing generous can inspire, nothing 
noble can actuate, and nothing patriotic can excite — all were 
enthusiastically alive to the cel€bration of the French Revo- 
lution, The feuds of party were immolated at the shrine of 
patriotism ; political partisans, who, but one short month pre- 
vious, were arrayed in determined opposition, were now seen 
amalgamating, and alone contending who should best promote 
the cause of liberal principles. Nor were these the most gra- 
tifying of the passing scenes. Our countrytvomen, the virtuous 
and patriotic daughters of the matrons of 1776 — they who 
bear their heritage so fit and proper — they who, in our second 
war, were distinguished for devotedness to their country — 
were now to be seen wearing the smile of cheering approval, 
which seemed to say, we participate with you. 

At sunrise, the Veteran Corps of Artillery , true to thf ir post, 
went over the order of the preceding morning, and fired a salute 
from the Battery. The bells of the various churches rang a 
merry peal throughout the day ; all the public vessels, and the 
shipping in the harbour, made the most brilliant dis[)lay of the 
various national flags, and of signals, that has ever been wit- 
nessed in this city ; and from the public houses were seen 
waving the tri-coloured flag and the star-spangled banner. In 
the city, all business was suspended ; the stores and shops 
were closed ; the wharves presented a striking contrast to that 

5 



j50 CELEBRATION OF THE 

bustle and activity that, at times of business, we are accus» 
tomed to witness. Wall-street, even that busy mart, was de- 
serted. The Exchange in vain asked for its usual occupants ; 
and the Customs looked as though the days of the embargo had 
revived. 

It is worthy of remark, and speaks volumes in praise of the 
character of our population, that this grand celebration, in 
which it is calculated upwards of 100,000 souls were actu- 
ally engaged, passed off without any serious disturbance — 
without a solitary accident, and without any of those encroach- 
ments upon 'personal property ^ so common upon these occa- 
sions. Upon this last astonishing fact we must put the most 
liberal construction, and say, that the day was considered so 
sacred in its character, that even viilany and depravity were 
constrained for the time, to wear a virtue. 

THE PROCESSION. 

The appointment of Samuel Swartwout, Esq. as Marshal- 
in-Chief^ was judiciously made, and met with general appro- 
bation. His active mind, promptitude of action, and acknow- 
ledged experience, were qualifications essentially necessary 
upon the present occasion. Each hour of the day was valu- 
able ; and to move off, at the time appointed, at least 26,000 
men, with the numerous appendages of the pageant that ne- 
cessarily impeded such movement, was not easily to be effected ; 
yet this was promptly done, and we owe to the Marshal-in- 
Chief, and his well-appointed aids, the measure of keeping 
alive the interest of the anxious multitude ; for their activity 
would not permit even the most restless to remark, that they 
sickened from delay. 

MARCH. 

The line of march was taken up at about half past 10 
o'clock, and the right of the procession reached Washington 
Square at about 1 o'clock. At this time the extreme rear was 
passing the corner of Canal and Sullivan streets. The streets 
through which the procession passed were thronged to excess ; 
and it was delightful to behold, throughout the whole distance, 
the balconies, porticoes, and windows of nearly every dwell- 
ing crowded with spectators, and these bespreading a halcyon 
liiht around, for they were the virtuous and patriotic daugh- 
ters of a great and happy republic — of a land consecrated 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 61 

to liberty — the land of WasMngton and of Hancocle — -of 
Greene and of Adams — of WafTen and of Jefferson — of 
FranJclin and of Madison — of Laurens and of Monroe; — 
the land that in '' 1812" called to the battle-field, and to the 
councils of the nation, " sons worthy their sires^^^ and whose 
deeds of valour, and minds capacious, proclaimed to the 
world, that '* the mantle had descended.''^ 



CELEBRATION OF THE LATE REVOLUTION IN 
FRANCE, November 25th, 1830. 

At sunrise a salute will be fired by the Veteran Corps of 
Artillery, from the Battery. 

At eight o'clock, twelve o'clock, and five o'clock in tlii^ 
afternoon, the bells will ring a merry peal. 

The American and tri-coloured flags will be displayed from 
public places, and the shipping in the harbour will hoist the 
various flags of their nations. 

At eight o'clock, each society or association will assemble 
at their respective rendezvous, and at nine o* oXook, precisely , be 
at head-quarters, on the north side of Canal-street. The 
military will form on the south side of Canal-street, their right 
on Broadway, and precisely at ten o'clock the whole will move 
in the following order : 

A SQUADRON OF CAVALRY. 

Trumpets, 
SAML. SWARTWOUT, Marshal-in-Chief. 
M. M. Noah, ] 

Charles A. Clinton, ! a^i 
Silas E. Burrows, ( 
Daniel Jackson, J 

Barouche containing Colonel Monroe, late President of 
the United States, and President of -the Committee of two 
hundred and fifty, accompanied by the Vice Presidents Gal- 
latin, Herttell, and Bowne. 

The General Committee of Arrangements, composed of the 
original Committee of Fifteen, and the Committee of Fifty, 
and such members of the Committee of Two Hundred as are 
not assigned to other places. 

Orator of the day and Reader of the Address. 



B2 CELEBRATION OF THE 

Band of Music. 
Choristers, 

Mayor and Corporation, with their Staffs of Office. 

High Sheriff and Deputies. 

Acting Governor, and the Lt. Governor elect of the State^ 
and Governor of New- Jersey. 

Members of Congress and the State Legislature. 

Judges of the United States and State Courts, with their 
officers, and the Marshal of the United States. , 

Corporation of the village of Brooklyn. 

President and Trustees of Jersey City. 

FIRST ©IVISIOIf. 

M. M. Quackenboss, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- 
Chief. 

Society of the Cincinnati, together with Revolutionary Offi- 
cers, and officers of the late war. 

Foreign Ministers and Consuls. 

Albany Delegation. 

New-York Chamber of Commerce. 

Mr. Anthony Glenn, an officer of the Navy of the Revolu- 
tion, in a barouche, bearing the identical standard of the 
United States, which was haisted by him immediately on the 
British evacuating this city, in 1783 ; also, in the same ba- 
rouche, Alexander VVhaley, David Williams, and Enoch Crosby. 

Mr. John Van Norsdale, on horseback. On the evacuation 
of the city, in 1783, Mr. Van Norsdale pulled down the Bri- 
tish flag, and ran the halliards with which Mr. Glenn hoisted 
the American standard. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Edward M. Green way. Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- 
Chief. 

Citizens of France, bearing the tri- coloured flag, with ap- 
propriate emblems and devices. 

Rev. Clergy of all denominations. 

Trustees, Faculty, and Students of Columbia College. 

Trustees of the N. Y. University. 

Teachers of the Public and Private Schools. 

Members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the 
State of New- York. 

Members of the Medical Faculty, Physicians arid Students. 

Members of the Bar, and Students at Law. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Joel Curtis, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
Officers of the Army, of the Navy, and of the Marine Corps 
of the United States. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 53 

Delegation from the Boston Light Infantry. 
Albany Military Association, and Military Officers of other 
States. 

Albany Delegation of Printers. 
Officers of the Militia in uniform, off duty. 
Band of Music. 

FOURTH DIVISION. 

Prosper M. Wetmore, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- 
Chief. 

Printers, and Members of the Typographical Society, and 
Typefounders. 

Tailors, and Journeynian Tailors' Society. 

FIFTH DIVISION. 

John L. Graham, Aid, delegated by the Marshal- in- Chief. 
Bakers, and Bakers' Benefit Society. 
Coopers, and Journeymen Coopers' Society. 

SIXTH DIVISION. 

Richard Pennel, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 

Butchers. 

Tanners, Curriers, and Leather Dressers. 

Cordwainers' Society, and Cordvi^ainers in general. 

SEVENTH DIVISION. 

Charles McEvers, Jr., Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- 
Chief. 
Hatters. 

Masons, and Journeynian Masons. 
House Carpenters and Joiners, 
Black and White Smiths. 
Manufacturers of Steam Engines and Boilers. 
Moulders. 

EIGHTH DIVISION. 

C. D. Colden, Aid, delegated by the Marshal in-Chief. 
Painters, Glaziers, and House Painters' Society. 
Stone Cutters. 
Musical Instrument Makers. 

NINTH DIVISION. 

Wm. Dumont, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 

Cabinet Makers. 

Patent Bedstead Manufacturers. 

Upholsterers. 

TENTH DIVISION. 

George D. Strong, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
Carvers and Gilders. 

6* 



54 CELEBRATION QF THU 

ELEVENTH DIVISION. 

F. Groshon, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 
Coach Makers, Saddlers, and Harness Makers. 
Bricklayers, Plasterers, and Slaters. 
Tobacconists. 

News Carriers' Benevolent Society. 
Band of Music. 

TWELFTH DIVISION. 

John R. Livingston, Jr., Aid, delegated by the Marshal-iu* 
Chief. 

Firemen and Fire Department. 
The Pilot Society. 
New-York Watermen's Society. 
Chair Makers' Society. 
Comb Makers in general. 

THIRTEENTH DIVISION. 

Amos Palmer, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 

Book Binders' Society. 

New- York Gas Workmen's Friendly Society. 

FOURTEENTH DIVISION. 

Robert Lawrence, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-ChieC 
Hibernian Universal Benevolent Society. 
Erin Friendly Society, of Brooklyn. 
Landlords' Society for Sea-faring Men. 

FIFTEENTH DIVISION. 

B. Delapiere, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in-Chief. 

Cartmen. 

Apprentices in general. 

Clerks in general. 

SIXTEENTH DIVISION. 

George Davis, Aid, delegated by the Marshal-in- Chief. 
Dyers and Printers. 

Citizens, Artizans, and Mechanics, not embraced in the 
foregoing arrangements. 

THE MILITARY. 

The civic part of the procession will form in Canal street, 
the right on the North River, its left on the corner of Canal- 
street, extending up Broadway. They will countermarch by 
the left, and move up Canal-street to Broadway, down Broad- 
way to the Park, around the Park, up Chatham-street, up the 
Bowery to Broome, through Broome-street to Broadway, up 
Broadway to Fourth-street, down Fourth-street to Washington 
Square. 



REVOLUTION IN PKANCE, 1830. 55 

On arriving at Washington Square, the procession will 
enter at the eastern gate (the cars, engines, &c. to be left out- . 
side), and will pass round the Square until all the Societies 
are within the enclosure ; — the military forming in such order 
as the Major General shall direct. 

When the Grand Marshal and Aids, the Orator, and the 
Reader of the Address, President, Vice Presidents and Secre- 
taries of the General Meeting, the Sub Committee of Arrange- 
ments, and the Cincinnati, shall be seated on the stage erected 
for the purpose, a grand roll of the drums shall be the signal 
for the ceremonies to commence, as follows : 

PRAYER, 

Address from the people of New- York to the French peo- 
ple, to be read by Wm. M. Price, Esq. 

ORATION 

By Samuel L. Gouverneur, Esq. 

ODE, 

Written for the occasion, by Samuel Wood worth. Printer, and 
printed during the march of the procession, to be sung by the 
choir. 

Presentation of the tri-coloured flag, by Ihe natives of 
France resident in New-York, to the First Division of Artillery. 

Marsellois Hymn, to be sung by the choir. 

Feu dejoie to be fired by the troops. 

Bands to play Hail Columbia, and dismiss. 

Colonel James B. Murray is appointed to take charge of 
Washington Square, as Officer of the Day, and will be re- 
spected accordingly. 

Capt. John D. Jackson, of the Scott Cadets, will mount 
guard at Washington Square, on the 25th, and will report to 
Col. Murray for orders. 

It is respectfully requested that the citizens suspend business 
on the day of celebration. 

All persons in the procession will wear the tri-coloured 
badge in the button hole of the left breast. 

It is requested that all obstructions be removed from the 
streets through which the procession will march, and that no 
carriages or carts occupy such streets during the procession. 

In case the weather should prove so unfavourable as to ren- 
der a postponement necessary, the Grand Marshal will give 
notice thereof, by causing a red flag to be hoisted at 8 o'clock 
A. M., at the City Hall, at Niblo's, at the Parade Ground 
Castle Garden, and the Liberty Pole, Grand Street, in the 
tenth Ward : and, in case of such postponement, the cere- 



66 CELEBRATION OF THE 

monies will take place on the following day, unless a similar 
flag is displayed. 

By order of the Committee of Arrangements. 

PHILIP HONE, Chairman. 



Wm. M. Price, ) ^ 

Daniel Jackson, J Secretaries. 



The above regulations will be carried into operation this day. 
S. SWARTWOUT, Marshal-in-Chief. 



ORDER OF THE PROCESSION. 

The following description of the Procession is in a great mea- 
sure taken from the " New- York Courier and Enquirer," and 
the *' New-York Standard." It has been improved upon, 
by introducing many names of the Military, Marshals, and 
others, who were prominent in the Pageant. 

First came a Squadron of Cavalry elegantly uniformed, and 
mounted upon beautiful chargers, who appeared to have been 
selected for the purpose, and whose fine appearance gave an 
earnest of what was to follow. 

The Marshal-in-Chief, accompanied by four of his Aids, the 
Surgeon of the day, and Messrs. J. F. N. Vouthier, Martins 
Parvou, H. Chevrelat, G. Duvivier, C. Colemard, Dr. Depeyre, 
A. Lemoyne, and A. S. Perrot, wearing the beautiful and ap- 
propri^ite uniform of the National Guards of France. 

A barouche containing Messrs. Gallatin and Herttell, the 
Vice-Presidents of the Committee of two hundred and fifty, and 
the Orator of the day, and the reader of the Address. Col. 
Monroe was expected to occupy a seat in this barouche, but 
the feeble state of his health /orbade his joining the procession 
until within a short distance of Washington Square. 

The original Committee of fifteen appointed by the Work- 
ing Men at Westchester House, Robert Walker, Esq. Chair- 
man ; the Committee of Arrangements and the Sub- Committee 
of fourteen, carrying batons as insignia of their authority, 
Philip Hone, Esq., Chairman ; together with such members of 
the Committee of two hundred and fifty as were not on duty 
with the different societies or Military — all wearing a badge 
engraved for the purpose by Mr. T. R. Whitney. 

Band of Music. 

Choristers belonging to the Park Theatre. 

Mayor and Corporation, with their Staffs of Office. 

High Sheriff and Deputies. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 57 

Members of Congress and of the State Legislature. 

Judges of the United States and State Courts, with their offi- 
cers, and the Marshal of the United States. 

Foreign Ministers and Consuls. 

Albany Delegation of Printers. 

New- York Chamber of Commerce. 

Mr. Anthony Glenn, an officer of the Navy of the Revolu- 
tion, in a barouche, bearing the identical standard of the 
United States which was hoisted by him immediately on the 
British evacuating the city in 1783 — also in the same barouch© 
Alexander Whaley, David Williams, and Enoch Crosby. 

Side by side with the Standard borne by Mr. Glenn, and which 
was loaned for the occasion by the Proprietors of the American 
Museum — floated a beautiful tri-coloured flag, forwarded from 
Philadelphia by Colonel James Page, Commandant of the 
State Fencibles, to whom it was lately presented by Miss 
Emilie Chapron. 

This group attracted great attention, and from time to time 
received enthusiastic cheers from the assembled multitude. 
The venerable Patriots who composed it appeared to partici- 
pate largely in the feelings of the day, while their countenances 
beamed with smiles of pleasure at recollections of the past ani 
anticipations of the future. We thought we could occasionally 
see a tear trickling down their aged cheeks — but it was not in 
sorrow ; the smile which played on their lips, and the eye 
that turned towards heaven, spoke only of heartfelt satisfaction,, 
and a half-breathed prayer for the happiness and freedom of 
mankind. 

Mr. John Van Norsdale, on horseback, who, on the evacua- 
tion of the city in 1783, pulled down the British flag, and 
reeved the halliards with which Mr Glenn hoisted the Ame- 
rican standard. 

Citizens of France, about ^ve hundred in number, under the 
direction of their Marshals on horseback, wearing the uniform 
of the National Guards. The brothers Peugnet carried alter- 
nately the tri-coloured flag of France, and immediately after 
them followed the French Consul and his suite. The whole 
marched six abreast, and wore the tri-coloured cockade, with 
appropriate badges. Their appearance was imposing, and every 
eye turned to them as the immediate representatives of the 
brave people whose triumph we were celebrating. 

Trustees, Faculty, and Students of Columbia College, pre- 
ceded by their President, William A. Duer, and Professor Ren- 
wick, The Students wore their gowns with a tri-coloured 



68 CELEBRATION OF THE 

badge, and one of them bore a beautiful Banner, which had 
been prepared for the occasion, presenting a nnedallion of La* 
fayette, with a Greek legend, importing, '* The glory of this 
man shall be for ever*" 

Trustees of the N. Y. University. 

Teachers of the Public and Private Schools. 

Members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the 
State of New- York. 
^ Members of the Medical Faculty, Physicians and Students. 

Members of the Bar and Students at Law. 

Officers of the Army, of the Navy, and of the Marine corps 
of the United States in uniform, headed by Major-General 
Scott, Commodore Chauncey, and Colonel Gamble. Belong- 
ing to the Army, were Colonels Croghan, Vose, Lieutenant- 
Colonel J. B. Crane, Majors H. Stanton, C. B. Tallmadge, 
Captains L. Whiting, J. Schmuck, Lieutenants Mahan, and 
Kennedy, Doctors Macomb and Russel. The Navy, Captains 
Leonard, Chauncey, Kearney, Gregory, and Cooper, Lieu- 
tenants Mix, Hudson, Auchmuty and Craven, Doctor Cook 

Delegation from the Boston Light Infantry, wearing the uni- 
form of their corps with side-arms. Consisting of Messrs. 
James L. Hewett, William H. Tilleston, H. B. Humphrey, 
Joseph T. Atwill, William H. Hudson, Thomas Minns, Jr., J. 
E. Hazleton, H. B. Willis. 

Albany Military Association and also Military officers of other 
States. Consisting of Generals Van Renssalear, Cooper, and 
Dewitt, Colonels Van Schaick and Van Veaghten, Majors 
Sheppard, Eights, Lieutenants King and Townsend, with many 
others. 

Officers of the Infantry in uniform, about two hundred in 
nnmber, and marching in platoons with a front of six files. The 
effect of this part of the procession was very fine, and exceeded 
any thing of the kind we have witnessed. A correct idea of 
it, can only be formed by imagining a well drilled Regiment of 
men wearing the neat yet beautiful uniform of our United 
States Infantry Officers. 

Printers, and Members of the Typographical Society and 
Typefounders, preceded by their venerable Marshal John Lang, 
one of the proprietors of the Gazette, and who has been con- 
nected with the press of this city for more than forty years. 

Immediately after the Marshal, marched those who are con- 
nected with Morning and Evening Papers, bearing a large 
and beautiful Banner, having the device a Clymer Printing 
Press, over which soared, with wide extended wings, the Am^ 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1 830. 59 

rican Eagle, holding in its talons the bust of Frankhn ; and in 
its beak, the following motto : Verite sans peur — truth without 
fear. On the right, was the goddess of liberty, supporting the 
American flag : on the left, a full-sized figure of a slave, bound 
in chains, who had burst the shackles from one arm, and had 
laid hold of the press for emancipation. Behind him was a 
crown reversed, and the sceptre broken in three pieces, in allu- 
sion to the late Revolution in France. Then followed the 
Printers generally, with appropriate banners, and two platforms, 
each drawn by four horses, the first having on it two printing 
presses, striking off an Ode, written for the occasion to the air of 
the Marseillois Hymn, and distributing them to the crowd. On 
the other platform was one of the new invented printing presses, 
also, in operation, at intervals, throwing off various publications. 
On each platform were several printer's boys, dressed in green 
frocks, with three-cornered cocked hats, who received the sheets 
as they came from the press, and threw them out to the multi- 
tude, as they passed along the streets. 

The Typefounders followed the Printers, their Grand Mar- 
shal, W. Hagar, preceded them ; and each member of the society 
wore a tri-coloured cockade, and a badge with the likeness of 
Washington and Lafayette, with an appropriate inscription 
commemorative of the events of the 27th, 28th, 29th July. 
Under the head of Washington was incribed — " Our Coun- 
try's Father" and under Lafayette '• Our Country's Friend," 
At the head of the society Mr. Jonn Thompson carriexl a large 
banner. He was attended by two small boys who wore white 
silk aprons trimmed with blue and red. The banner had in- 
scribed on it the name of the society, and a workman in the 
operation of casting type, and a boy in attendance. On the top 
the likenesses of the three reputed fathers of the profession, 
Guttenberg, Faust, and Schaeffer. 

The second division had a blue banner carried by E. Pe- 
louse ; the third division a white banner, carried by D. C. Lam- 
pard, and the fourth division a red banner borne by P. Hast- 
ings. Each of the banners exhibited appropriate inscriptions, 
and were handsomely executed. 

The Tailors and Journeymen Tailors' Society followed the 
Printers, and with their numerous and beautifully executed 
banners and devices, made a gorgeous and appropriate display. 
Their Marshal, John Brashears, with the President, Secretary, 
and four Assistant Marshals, mounted, with white silk sashes 
spangled. 

The Bakers and Bakers' Benefit Society, turned out in their 



60 €ELEBRATION OF THB 

strength, and like the Tailors, exhibited on this occasion their 
numerous and appropriate banners. IN either of these societies 
have furnished us with a description of them, and we can only 
say, in general terms, that they were important parts of the 
pageant, and never appeared better. 

Coopers and Journeymen Coopers' Society, with their ban- 
ners, devices, &c. made aline display. Mr. MfCallum, Mar- 
shal, was fbllowed by the officers of the Society: James Se- 
guine. President ; E. M. Luther, Vice-President ; John Moore, 
Treasurer, and Wm. Asten, Secretary. 

The grand banner, seven feet by eight, borne by Mr. C. 
Brownell, representing Commerce and Industry, in a branch 
of the trade — the finishing of a buoy and a view of the East Ri- 
ver, encircled by a white oak branch, in which was inscribed 
the motto '* Love as Brethren," next followed. After several 
files of members came the American and tri-coloured flags, 
borne by distinguished members ; and situated about central of 
the Society was the banner which belonged to the Coopers' 
Society, and was carried by them in the procession of 1789 ; 
this banner is six by seven feet, representing the arms of the 
State of New-York, with the union over — and same motto as 
before, underneath. 

After this followed a small banner, representing in front a 
finished cask with a part motto over, '' United we stand," and 
on the reverse a cask stripped of the hoops, and staves falling, 
with the motto ** Divided we fall." 

The Society was followed by a corps of the apprentices to 
the trade, who displayed a banner of blue, about three feet by 
four, borne by Master Robert G. Getty, with the motto in- 
scribed on it, " Free Trade and Coopers' Rights," and having 
suspended at the head of the staff a small keg elegantly gilt, 
&c. 

The badges worn by the membei;s were composed of tri- 
coloured ribands, bearing the impression at the top of Lafay- 
ette, under, the title of the Society, the buoy in a finished state, 
and implements of the trade. 

Butchers' Society, about three hundred, on horseback, with 
white aprons, check sleeves, and tri-coloured cockades. In 
front, the Marshal, John Trigler, and four Aids, Arnest Fink, 
Johj;! Perrin, Walter Disbrow, and George Clinch, wearing 
tri-coloured scarfs and sashes, chapeaus-du-bras and' small 
swords. In a barouche were the following veterans of the 
trade, Jacob Aims, David Marsh, Daniel Winship, George Hut- 
ton, Caleb Vanderberg, and Jacob Varian. The whole wear- 



KEVOLiUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 6! 

iRg a badge, having beautifully engraved upon it an ox about 
to be slaughtered, attended by a butcher ; at his foot the horn 
of plenty, and over head '* Public spirit is national wealth," — 
also, inscriptions referring to the revolution in Paris, and me- 
dallions of Washington and Lafayette, with striped and tri- 
Goloured flags festooned around them. 

A car drawn by four oxen contained the skin of the ox Pre- 
slident, so admirably stuffed^ that we for a time supposed that it 
could be no less than the ghost of his venerable oxship ; and it 
was not until we called to mind that we had partaken of a sir- 
loin of this noble animal, that we perceived it was his skin only 
which we saw before us. The car was adorned with tri-co- 
loured ribands, and the star-spangled banner and the tri-colour 
of the French floated over it. A band of music, in uniform, 
occupied a car drawn by four horses, led by blacks in oriental 
costume. A third car contained two lambs, with four boys 
dressed in white. One of the butchers had a car of his own, 
on which were a variety of meats, and persons employed in 
making sausages. All the cars were decorated with tri-co- 
loured ribands, and the banners were numerous and appro- 
priate. -^; 

Hatters. 

Masons and Journeymen Masons. 

House Carpenters and Joiners, with their appropriate ban- 
ners and insignias. Robert Townsend, Jr., and Nathan H. 
Topping, Marshals. 

Smiths' Society. — All wore trio-badges ; motto ** Working 
Men of Paris." 

Tliree banners. One large, two small. On the large, ia 
oil painting, Vulcan at his forge, no motto. On the reverse, 
Venus. 

One small banner — motto " Sons of Vulcan," blue ground. 

One small oil painting with yellow fringe. Hammer and 
Anvil, motto '* Strike the iron while it is hot." 

All these societies carried appropriate banners, with appro- 
priante devices, and^ like all who joined the procession, wore 
badges and tri -coloured cockades. 

The Manufacturers of Steam Engines and Boilers formed a 
striking part of the procession, and their beautiful steamboat 
ploughed our streets, instead of our waters, without intermission. 
She was the object of attraction to all who beheld her, and was 
preceded by the manufacturers and their marshals. Next, 
Mr. Charles E. Duncan, jun., and his aids Capt. Wm. Wis- 
wall and Mr. William Leicester. Then on the car drawn by 

6 



02 CELEBRATION OF TH^ 

four horses, mounted on a stage richly carpeted and handsomely 
decorated with a tri-coloured drapery, came the steamboat, 
furnished with all its equipments, and apparatus, thoroughly 
manned with her officers and crew, cables, anchors, steering 
wheel, bell, and fuel ; surmounted by flags ornamented with a 
portrait of Louis Philippe, with the names inscribed of Fulton, 
Livingston, and J. ?• Allaire. The brass steam engine, fitted 
to the boat, and complete in all its parts, was on the principle 
of the high and low pressure combined, such as are used in the 
powerful /to wing-boats on the North River, and which were 
first applied by Mr. James P, Allaire to that purpose. This 
elegant engine was made by Gilbert Gray, an apprentice in the 
establishment of Mr. Allaire, and works with admirable pre^ 
cision ; and though the cylinders are only one and one half, 
and three inches in diameter, its power is calculated to be 
nearly equal to half that of a horse. 

Painters, Glaziers, and House Painters' Society, Stone Cut- 
ters, Musical Instrument Makers, and Iron Founders, all with 
appropriate banners, &c. &c. 

Cabinet Makers. Besides banners, flags, and badges, the 
CabinetMakers presented a beautiful car drawn by four horses, 
on which was displayed a variety of elegant cabinet furniture, 
consisting of pier- tables, &c. &c. — ^the whole handsomely de^ 
corated with tri-coloured ribands. 

Next after the Cabinet Makers, came the Patent' Sofa Bed^ 
stead Manufacturers, with a car containing a beautiful sofa 
bedstead, on which Mr. Johnson, his son, and his foreman, 
were seated during the march of the procession. 

Carvers, Gilders, and Frame Makers, Charles del Vecchio, 
Marshal, carried portraits of Washington and Lafayette, in su* 
perb frames, elegantly carved and richly gilded ; also a large 
banner, on which was painted ^' The sun rising in the east, and 
the Goddess of Liberty supporting the American flag in the 
west — the flag surmounted with- a liberty cap. Lafayette sup- 
porting the tri-coloured flag in the east, with the white flag of 
France under his feet. An eagle sent by the goddess, passing 
through the air with a liberty cap in its beak, in the act of de- 
scending to place it on the stafl'of the tri-coloured flag ; in his 
claw, a riband, with the words '^ Universal Sufl'rage." Borne 
by a carver, 

The Apprentices to the Carvers and Gilders also carried a 
very pretty banner, designed and executed for the purpose, and 
all wore the same badge as the French citizens, with the excep* 
tion that** Liberty" was substituted for <* D'Grleans," 



RlSVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 63 

The Coach Makers, Saddlers and Harness Makers, made a 
beautiful display. They were arranged in the following order : 
Music ; Marshal ; Military Charger in full costume and tri-co- 
loured plume, led by two grooms ; Grand Banner ; Committee 
of Arrangements, with tri-coloured sashes ; Gentleman's Saddle 
Ho?se, led by groom ; Lady's Saddle Horse, led by groom ; 
Aid ; Washington Banner ; Employers ; a Race Horse in full 
dress, led by a groom ; a Race Horse equipped for the course, 
rode by a jockey ; Clinton Banner ; Six Men ; pair of Coach 
Horses harnessed complete, led by two grooms ; Six j\len ; 
Small Banner ; Six Men ; two Gig Horses abreast, harnessed 
complete, led by two grooms; Six Men ; Small Banner ; Six 
Men ; a pair of Coach Horses harnessed complete, led by two 
grooms ; Six Men ; Small Banner ; Coachmakers, Saddlers and 
Harness Makers in general ; Small Banner ; Apprentices. 

Bricklayers, Plasterers, and Slaters, with banners, flags, and 
badges. Among other things we noticed a beautiful cornice 
borne in procession, and decorated with tri-coloured ribands. 

Tobacconists, with banners, a car, and abundance of the 
weed." On the car, a number of persons were employed in 
manufacturing tobacco, snufF, and segars, which were liberally 
distributed to the people, and by them pronounced *^ excel- 
lent." They were great favourites throughout the day, and 
had no lack of customers for the produce of their labours. 

News Carriers' Benevolent Society, with banner and flags. 

Fire Department. That portion of the procession composed 
of this^Jdepartment contributed greatly to the display, and was 
under the direction of Mr. James Gulick, one of the engineers. 
In numbers, including those from Brooklyn, they amounted to 
upwards of a thousand, and occupied more than a mile of the 
route, marching in the following order : — Engine No. 4, from 
the village of Brooklyn, mounted on a car erected on four 
wheels, which were nearly concealed by elegant festoons of tri- 
coloured cloths, suspended from the stage, and supported by 
gilded pins. The platform on which the engine was placed, 
was covered with handsome carpet, and a grand triumphal 
arch composed of laurel and other evergreens, was erected over 
the heads of three men, who were on the stage, to represent the 
company in their working costume ; in the centre the motto 
" 1776, Liberty, 1830," and many appropriate devices, the 
whole drawn by four horses, followed by the Brooklyn firemen. 

Next in order was engine No. 28, of the New-York depart- 
ment, drawn by two horses, and decorated with American and 
tri-coloured flags and ribands ;. No. 12^ placed on a car simi- 



64 CELEBRATION OP THIf 

lar to the first in line, covered with a costly Brussels carpef^ 
and decorated with luxurious festoons of drapery, composed 
of the three colours ; the horses were led by negroes in Moor- 
ish attire, the hose covered with a patent leather case — the 
pipes, levers, &c. elegantly entwined with appropriate ribands, 
followed by brass signal lantern, torches, and other imple- 
ments, elegantly polished and decorated ; on either side of the 
stage was a large American and tri-coloured standard — the 
members followed. Next came Hook and Ladder Truck No. 1 r 
drawn by members — the drag-rope covered with tri-coloia"ed 
ribands, carriage, ladders, hooks, ife^c. painted tri-coloured, the 
bottom ladder being blue, centre white, and upper one red, 
two small ladders and a hook were erected from the centre, 
from the summit of which were displayed tri-coloured and Ame- 
rican flags. Next came Engine No. 1, on a car drawn by 
four superb horses, each nearly 18 hands high, and said to be 
the finest team in point of size and power rn the State ; the car 
and engine handsomely decorated. No. 37, without a car, 
drawn by six black ponies. No. 23 had four bay horses, driven 
by a member seated on the box of the engine, who gave evi- 
dence that he was no novice in the situation assigned to him — 
the company followed, bearing the signal lantern (in which was 
a lighted lamp) and torches, a beautiful miniature engine, and 
other emblems. Engine No. 2, on a stage drawn by four horses, 
and handsomely ornamented, displaying at each end an Ame- 
rican Standard and tri-coloured Banner. Hook and Ladder 
Truck, No. 3, drawn by members, flags waving from either 
extremity. Engine No. 52 drawn by four brown horses. No. 
5, drawn by members bearing tri-coloured and American Stan- 
dard, together with appropriate emblems, the machine beau- 
tifully decorated with ribands, flowers, &c. No. 40, mounted 
on a car drawn by four horses, and decorated with the Ameri- 
can Standard and tri-coloured Banner, and a superb gilded 
eagle suspended over the engine. West Point Band. Then 
Engine No. 4B, drawn by four horses without a car. Minia- 
ture No. 33, drawn by one small poney. No. 33, on a stage 
drawn by four horses, decorated with tri-eolours. No. 26, with- 
out a car, drawn by six horses followed by members bearing 
miniature engines and other emblems. No. 27, drawn by mem- 
bers, and ornamented with American and tri-coloured flags. 
Lafayette Company No. 19, and a car superbly ornamentedj 
and drawn by four horses, members following, bearing a ban- 
ner, on which Was a well-executed fall length portrait of GeH« 
Lafayette. No. 14, decorated with flags^ and drawu by foiij 



MfottfiO^ IN FRANCE, 1830. 65 

#&ite horses, led by negroes in Turkish costume, and followed 
by members. Lafayette company, No. 7, drawn by two horses, 
the company displaying a banner, on which was an elegant 
figure of Gen. Lafayette, as in his youth, on horseback. Hook 
gmd Ladder Truck No. 5, drawn by four horses. Engine No. 
13, ornamented with flags, &c. and drawn by four gray horses, 
led by negroes in Arabian dresses. No. 20, drawn by mem- 
bers. No. 29, also drawn by members, the hose covered with a 
tri-coloured case. Nos. 4 1 and 44, on separate cars, ornamented 
Jls others previously described, and each drawn by four horses, 
which were driven by members in a masterly style. No. 11 
was drawn by members in full working dress, exhibiting a strik- 
ing contrast with their precursors in the line, which elicited 
the most enthusiastic plaudits from the multitude. 

The Pilots' Society made a most interesting and impos- 
img appearance. The society was preceded by a stage drawn 
by two horses, on the fore-part of which was placed a ship, 
representing a French ship of war under her three topsails, 
having just shortened sail to receive a pilot on board — she had 
a tri-coloured pendant flying at the main, and tri-coloured flags 
at the fore and mizen skysail mast head, and one at the mizen 
peak — directly astern of the ship a handsome modelled and^ 
complete-rigged pilot-boat was placed under full sail, with her 
yawl in readiness to put a pilot on board of the ship — the boat 
had American colours flying at the main, and her number in 
her sails — ^^on each side of the stage, abreast of the ship, a lad 
was stationed to heave the lead, and frequently gave us the well 
known song of '^ by the mark seven," &c. — on the fore-part 
of the stage, in the centre, the tri-coloured flag was hoisted on 
a staff*; and on each side of the stage,^ the American flag was 
also flying. Unfortunately soon after starting to join the pro- 
cession, one of the flag-stalFs came in contact with a limb of s^ 
tree and was carried away, and having no means of fishing it, 
for the sake of uniformity, the seamen cut the other to the 
same lengt^h, which left the tri-coloured the most taunt, and 
caused some ill-natured remarks. Next to the stage, the band, 
followed by the Marshal and his Aids — then the banner of the 
society on one side, and the following motto on the other,>* The 
People, the only conipetent Pilots to guide the Nation.'^ The' 
society followed, with their medals- and tri-coloured badges on> 
^le right and left breasts. 

The New-York Watermen followed the Pilots, and' were pre- 
ceded by their MarshalsV and the barge oti a car drawn by fom 
Morsesr, which m 1825 was victorious in a^ Contest! with the crew 



66 CELEBIlATfON 6¥ Tfl'l^ 

of His Britannic Majesty's ship Hussar. The boat was tiiannad' 
by eight boys dressed in '' red, white, and blue,'' with thek 
oars shipped and pulling away in seamen's style. 

Chair Makers' Society, under the direction of its Marshal 
and his Aids — in front a large banner, emblematical of. the 
trade, with the following mottos : " Rest for the weary." — 
'* By industry we thrive." Next were carried three tri-coloured 
chairs, on which were painted the names of Washington, La- 
fayette, and Jefferson; 27th, 28th, 29tb July 1830; next the 
tri-coloured flag ; next a member of the society with two small 
chairs and one settee, with the American and tri-coloured flags 
and liberty-cap with the motto ^' We make the chair of go- 
vernment, the people designate the occupant." Next a banner 
with the mc»tto '^ Support the chair," and shortly after another 
banner, with the words '' Liberty and Peace." In the centre, 
an elegant car drawn by two horses, in which were men at 
work, who during the procession, manufactured a handsome 
curled maple cane seat chair, and presented it to ex-president 
Monroe on the stage in Washington-square. A tri-coloured 
banner with 27th, 28th, 29th July^ and several small chairs 
borne on a pole, were in the rear of the society. Each mem- 
ber of the society wore a badge prepared for the occasion. 

The Comb Makers in general, with banners, &c. &c. 

Book Binders, Robert Beatty, Marshal, Wm. A. Day, and 
John Day, Assistant Marshals, Banner of the Associatioil, 
borne by Christian Brown, supporters, F. Grant and G. Jarvis ; 
device of the banner — on the left Time with his scythe, pre- 
pared to destroy the literature with which the v^orld is favoured, 
through the instrumentality of the press ; on the right, with a 
scroll in her hand, the Genius of Literature, with a smiling 
countenanccy pointing to the centre of the device, representing 
the interior of a bindery, workmen in the act of binding books 
to preserve them from the ravages of Time : on the reverse, 
the Arms of the State of New York. The procession followed, 
each wearing a tri-coloured badge, surmounted by the star 
badge of the Association, prepared for the occasion by the 
Committees of Arrangements. Officers of the Association. 
Committee of Arrangement. Employers. Division of Jour- 
neymen. In the centre of the line a ponderous volume, en- 
titled French Revolution, July 1830, elevated on a stage drawn 
by horses, splendidly decorated, supported by four boys on each 
side. From the centre of the stage a tri-coloured flag was dis- 
played, immediately in the rear of which a miniature standin'g: 
press, with a copy of the classics. 



HEVOLUtlON IN FRANCE, 1830. &f 

Preceding the stage, Mr. John T. Bradford, principal finisher 
of the book. 

2d division, Blr. John Day, Assistant Marshal. 

Banner borne by A. D. Bower ; supporters M. Palmer and 
J. Nailor. Inscrijition — Book Binding, the art preservative of 
all arts. Division of Journeymen. Banner borne by Mr. Wmi 
Walker ; supporters H. Vyvyan and R. H. Arison. This splen 
did banner is the same that was displayed by the booksellers at 
the Canal Celebration, 1825. The device, a figure of Mi- 
nerva with a lighted torch in her right hand, emblematical of 
the effects of learning on science and the mechanic arts. On 
the reverse, '' Knowledge is power." Apprenti?ces of the 
trade. 

The New-York Gas Workmen's Friendly Society, instituted 
Dec. 18'^5. 

The Marshal with tri-coloured badge and sash, and bright ga?s 
ornament with badges, &c. 

The President and Vice President of the Society with tri- 
coloured badges and sashes. The star spangled banner on the 
right of the President, and the tri-coloured flag on the left of the 
Vice President. 

The Banner, blue ground and gold letters. 

The Secretary, Treasurer, Committees, and Members, with 
badges. 

Hibernian Universal Benevolent Society 

Erin Friendly Society of Brooklyn. 

Both of these societies made a fine display with their banners 
and badges ; their harp tastefully decorated and borne on^ a 
car, and each of the members wearing scarfs and badges. We 
regret that we have not received a detailed description of their 
appearance. 

Seamen's Society, conaposed of a number of respectable ship- 
masters. 

The Cartmen numbered about 300, in white frocks, and all 
on horseback, wearing on their left breast a tri-coloured cock- 
ade, and a badge printed on white satin, designed and executed 
by B. G. Jansen, of this city. The badge representing a horse 
and cart, harnessed, and standing, with the word " Cartmen" 
over it ; and beneath, the words ^' Evacuation, Nov. 25, 1783 ;" 
after which a motto, " Lafayette, disciplus' Washingtonis, Gal- 
liae, insignis Liberator," over a beautiful engraving on v/ood, 
illustrative of the triumph of liberal principles, and the disen- 
thraknent of a nation from the shackles of tyranny and oppres- 
sion. In the back ground was seen the sun of science rising 



68 CELEBRATION OF THE 

in splendour, and dispelling the dark clouds of ignorance and su- 
perstition which have obscured the vision of the oppressed be- 
ing in the foreground ; who now beholds the Goddess of Li- 
berty approaching, to whom he prostrates himself, when the 
chains fall from his wrists and ankles, and he becomes a freeman. 
A branch of laurel and lily, tied together beneath, spreads out 
on either side of the design, and on the top are the arms of the 
United States and France, surmounted by the eagle of Ame- 
rica, whose protecting wings are extended over both ; and un- 
derneath the whole, in plain type, '* 27, 28, 29th, July, 1830.'' 

Their arrangement was as follows — Two Trumpeters. 
Grand Marshal and his Aids. A standard on which was re- 
presented a horse and cart encircled with a wreath of olive on 
a white ground, borne by the Foreman of the first class, as- 
sisted by two of the oldest Cartmen, and drawn on cart No. 1, 
painted in tri-colours. A division of cartmen. The standards 
of the United States and France, borne by the Foreman of the 
2d class, and supported by four elderly cartmen, drawn on carf 
No. 2, painted similar to No. 1. 

Apprentices in general, with badges. 

Clerks in general, with badges. 

Dyers and Printers with banners, badges, and a great variety 
of printed shawls, in which the *' red, white, and blue" were 
beautifully and strikingly blended. 

They were headed by the Messrs. Bryan, each member had' 
an elegant silk shawl or handkerchief as a banner, with m ottos, 
** We die to live," — "We live to die," — '^ Our impressions 
are lasting." 

Citizens, Artisans, and Mechanics, not embraced in the fore- 
going. 

The Cord wainers' Association, James Lennon, Marshal, was' 
formed in three divisions, the front and rear divisions containing 
one hundred men each, all wearing tri- coloured badges and 
cockades. Front Division under the direction of Matthew Arm- 
strong. President of the day, carrying an elegant hammer, sup- 
ported on the right by Thomas Bennef, Treasurer, bearing a 
gilt key, and on the left by Thomas Baker, Secretary, carrying 
a gilt pen. Immediately behind these, was the grand Standard^ 
painted on blue silk, and displaying in the centre the arms of the' 
craft. The supporters, on the right, a daughter of Crispin, in 
Mer fight hand a scroll, with the worfs ^^ Industry rewarded in 
America." On the left, Crispin in proper costume, in the at 
Mtude of being crowned with a' wreath of oak leaves by the" 
©enius of Liberty^ appearing abote,^ encompassed with rays o# 



REVOLUTION IN I^RANCE, 1830. 63' 

glory ; the motto, " Union is our strength ;" underneath^ wreaths 
of flowers ; the horn of plenty, and the inscription, " Cord- 
wainers of the city of New- York ;" the whole surmounted with 
a gilt Eagle, and tastefully ornamented with bows, festoons, and 
perpendicular stripes of tri-coloured ribands. 

In the centre of the front division were the American and 
tri-coloured flags. Three small banners of blue silk, having on 
them the names of Washington, Lafayette, Warren, Montgo- 
mery, and other distinguished heroes, were borne in the differ- 
ent parts of the procession. 

In the centre division was a magnificent car drawn by fonr 
white horses, the front horses rode by jockies in tri-coloured 
dresses. The body of the car was entirely covered with hori- 
zontal stripes of red and white, the floor with a carpet of Ame- 
rican manufacture. A canopy of white muslin, hung round with 
festoons of blue drapery, and supported on six columns con- 
cealed beneath spiral stripes of the same tri-coloured material, 
covered the whole. The interior representing a shoe shop in 
full operation, and filled with boots, shoes, rolls of leatlier, &c., 
was under the care of Matthew Vanderhofl", who was busily 
employed in preparing work for the two boys and the two young 
ladies engaged in trimming shoes, which were afterward sus- 
pended between the columns. In the front of the car was a 
mammoth boot with a tri-coloured top, and a small French flag 
above it. Behind the car were twenty-four little boys walking 
arm-in-arm, and four abreast, dressed in red pantaloons, white 
frocks girt round the waist with tri-coloured sashes, and blue 
caps, all wearing tri-coloured cockades and badges ; two small 
French flags and one American, and also two boots of very 
diminutive size and curious workmanship, were carried by these 
boys, who excited great interest in all who saw them. The 
youngest was not more than three years old. 

The rear division was conducted by John C. Ruby, Vice- 
President of the day, carrying a scroll, with the inscription 
"La Charte de la France," supported on the ri^ht by John 
Ennis, and on the left by Lewis Judson. — In this division was 
borne a large standard of blue silky having in the centre the 
arms of the craft. The supporters, two sons of Crispin in full 
costume, representing two branches of the trade, the figure oh 
the right holding up a lady's slipper, the one on the left, a man's 
boot. Over the arms, the half of the globe surmounted with 
the eagle, and the mottos, "Liberty and Independence," "United 
we stand, divided we fall." The whole surmounted with ais, 
eagle, and decorated like the standard before mentioned, . 



W CiJLEBRATION Ot TUM 

All the officers, in addition to the badges and cockadesf 
Wore tri-coloured sashes. The badges were those prepared 
by Mr. P. M. P. Durando, with the words La Fayette, D'Or- 
leans j La France, Paris, entwined in wreaths of olive, sur- . 
irounded with rays of light, and the date Juillet 27, 28, 29, 
1830* 

Tanners, Carriers, and Leather Dressers' Society, four hun- 
dred in number, followed the Butchers, preceded by their Grand 
Marshal, John E. Cammeyer, and his aid, George W. Taylor ; 
the President and Vice-President ; the Secretary and Trea- 
surer, bearing the emblems of their respective offices ^ the 
Grand Standard-- ^on the front a Tanner and Currier were re-^ 
presented in their working dresses ; in the centre a Heart sup- 
ported by an Oak Tree, upon which are drawings of a Curry- 
ing Knife and Flesher ; above, on the tree, a Bullock's Head, 
the sun at meridian, and a landscape in the back ground — 
motto, " By union we arise to splendour." On the reverse, 
full length figures of a morocco dresser and a skinner in theii' 
working dresses, resting on a heart supported by a mahogany 
tree, bearmg in the centre their coat of arms ; above the heart 
against the trunk of the tree, a Deer's Head, on the right, a 
Ram's Head, and on the left a Goat's Head ; a landscape in 
Jhe distance with the sun rising, motto, *'• Industry, the support 
of our Nation." The staff surmounted by a gilded eagle. A 
tri-coloured flag. A full band of music. Employers and in- 
vited guests. 

The Tanners. — Marshal, Thomas Wilson. Banner of blue 
silk three feet square, — a gilded flesher in the centre, and the 
word '' Tanners" in letters of gold. On the top of the staff 
a gilded Ox. 

The Curriers, &c. of Newark^ with their banners. The 
Curriers of New- York. Banner three feet square, the word 
" Currier" in letters of gold, and a correct representation of a 
currying knife ; on the top of the staff a gilded horse ; in the 
centre of the Curriers, a tri-coloured calf-skin banner, carried 
by a young man, and supported by two little boys. Mottos,-- 
front— July 4th, 1776, Juillet 27, 28, and 29, 1830, birth-day& 
of liberty," — on the reverse, <' France and Belgium. We re- 
joice our brothers are free." 

The Skinners.-- Banner of blue silk, moon knife in the cen- 
tre, the word '' Skinners" in gold letters, a golden ram on the 
top of the staff. In the centre of the skinners a tri-coloured 
sheep-skin banner. 

Morocco Dressers. — Banner of blue silk, the words ** Mo- 
rocco Dressers" in gold, and the emblems of the trade gilt m 



REVOIiUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 71 

the centre ; on the top of the staff a gilded goat. In the cen- 
tre of the morocco dressers were displayed three banners of 
morocco, red, white, and blue — red with the following inscrip- 
tions : July 27th, 28th, and 29th, 1830 ; on the red the name 
of " La Fayette'* encircled by a wreath ; on the white and on 
the blue " Triumph of Principle," with a cock, the arms of 
France. 



MILITARY. 

Order of the Procession of the Military under Arms. ^ 

The Troops made a most brilliant and imposing appearance, 
surpassing any former display within our recollection ; they 
were formed on Hudson- street, the right resting on Canal- 
street ; the hne extending through Hudson-street to Chamber- 
street, and from thence up lo Broadway, forming two divisions, 
the whole under the command of Major General Jacob Morton, 
of the 1st Division of New- York State Artillery; by whom 
they were reviewed at 10 o'clock, A. M. 

Order of the Column of Route. 

Three Trumpeters, mounted, in uniform, and richly capari- 
Boned. 

Major General Morton, Commanding. 

Division Inspectors for the Day. 

Colonel Nathan T. Arnold, Division Inspector for 1st Divi- 
sion of N.Y. S. A, ; Col. Saml. D. Jackson, Division Inspector 
2d do ; Col. Alexander Ming, Jr. of the 13th Regiment N. Y. 
S. A, ; Lt. Col Andrew Warner, do. do. 

General's suite, mounted, and riding fourabreast. 

Major General Van Beuren, of Staten Island, commanding 
22d Division of N. Y. S. Infantry; Brigadier General Henry 
Arcularius, of 1st Brigade N. Y. S. Horse Artillery ; Brigadier 
Gen. Alexander M. Muir, Commissary General of State of N. 
Y. ; Brigadier Gen. George S. Doughty, of — - Brigade of N. 
Y. S. I. ; Brigadier Gen. Striker, of- — do. ; Lieut^ Colonel 
" — ™- Gamble, of the U. S. Marine Corps ; Col. John L. Gra- 
ham, Aid-de-Camp to the Commander'in-Chief ; Col. Daniel 
P. Ingraham, Division Judge Advocate ; Lieut. Col. Peter H. 
Schenck, Division Quartermaster ; Col. Griffin Tompkins, of 
Gen. Van Beuren's Staff ; Major Robert C. Wetmore, Major 
Daniel M. Tompkins, Aids-de-Camp of General Morton ; 
Capt. Robert Brown, Paymaster of 1st Brigade N. Y. S. Horse 
Artillery; Capt. Striker, Aid-de-Camp of Gen. Striker. 



72 CELEBKATION OF THE 

Escort, 

Capt. Beach's Company of Lancers of the 9th Brigade N. 
Y. S. A., their lances decorated with tri-coloured silk-streamers ; 
1st Brigade Horse Artillery ; 1st Regiment Horse Artillery ; 
two Trumpeters ; Col. Henry Storms, Commandant ; Lieut. 

Col. — ; Major Henry Burger ; the horses drawing 

the field-pieces and caisons, each caparisoned with tri-coloured 
trappings, the pieces alternately bearing the American and 
tri-coloured flags ; Staff-Officers, mounted. 
Foot Artillery, 

Ninth Brigade New York State Artillery ; two Trumpeters ; 
Brigadier General Gilbert Hopkins, Commandant ; Major 

John Harris, Brigade Inspector ; Capt. ■ , Brigade 

Quartermaster ; Captain Thomas Wills, Brigade Paymaster ; 

Capt. Barker, xlid-de-Camp. 

Eleventh Regiment ofN.Y.S.A, 

Colonel Townsend W. Burtis, Comd't. ; Lieut. Col. 

Smith ; Major Stacy Pancoast ; the field-pieces, caisons, and 
horses, ornamented with tri-coloured trappings and equipments; 
Martial Band of Music ; United States and State Standards, 
with tri-coloured streamers ; Staff Officers, mounted ; a Com- 
pany of Infantry from Williamsburgh, L. I. 

Thirty -first Regiment N. Y. S, A. 

Col. William P. Robertson, Comd't. ; Lieut. Col. Robert 

Steele ; Major ; Ihe field-pieces and caisons of 

each company with tri-coloured ornaments ; Martial Band of 
Music ; United States and State Standards, with tri-coloured 
streamers; Staff Officers, mounted. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Three Trumpeters richly caparisoned. 

Sixth Brigade N. Y, S. A. 

Brigadier General Peter W. Spicer, of 6th Brigade, Com- 
manding 2d Division ; Major Rene Pardessus, Brigade In- 
spector (this officer was several years in the French Republi- 
can Army) ; Major James T. Cromwell, Hospital Surgeon ; 
Capt. Edward L. Walker, Brigade Q^uartermaster ; Captain 
Wm. Spendlove, Brigade Paymaster ; Capt. John Bant, Aid- 
de-Camp ; Capt. Charles B. Talmidge, Voir. do. ; Quarter- 
master Dillon, of Clinton Horse Guards. 
Escort of Cavalry. 

Squadron of Clinton Horse Guards ; two Trumpeters ; Capt. 
Wm. P. Morris, Comd't. ; Company of City Guard of Troop; 
Capt. Smith's Company of New- York State Lancers, under 
command of Lieut. Waddell ; Company of Governor's Guards ; 
Staff Officers, mounted. 



KEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 73 

Company of United States Marines, from Navy Yard at 
Brooklyn, commanded by Captain Nicholson, of the U. S. Ma- 
rine Corps ; Band of Martial Music. 

Third Regiment N. Y. S. A. 

Jackson Guards, performing duty as Infantry ; Martial Band 
of Music, and Corps of Drums and Fifes; Colonel Charles W. 
Sandford, Comd't. ; Lieut. Col. George P. Morris ; Major 
Andrew H. Bennet ; Adj. James M. Lownds ; Staff Officers, 
nfvounted ; Capt. Seely's Company of Tompkins BUies, per- 
forming duty as Light Infantry ; right Companies of Jackson 
Guards ; Infantry. 

First Brigade New- York State Artillery ^ performing duty as 
Infantry and Rijlemen. 

Brig. Gen. Robert F. Manley, Com't. ; Major John D. 
Everson, Brigade Inspector ; Capt. Abraham Mason, Brigade 
Quartermaster ; Capt. Samuel T. Ross, Brigade Paymas- 
ter ; Major Peter Forrester, Hospital Surgeon. 
Ninth Regiment K Y> S. A. 

Col. James Lefferts, Comd't. ; Lt. Col. E. H. Warner ; 
Major Abraham Cooper ; Band of Music ; Major Wm. J. 
Benjamin's Battalion of Light Infantry ; Staff Officers, mounted. 
Fourtanth Re<^iment N, F. S. A, 

Col. JothamW. Post, Comd't. ; Lt. Col. James Watson Webb ; 
Major Joseph C. Hart ; Band of Music ; Capt. Benjamin W. 
Benson's Company of Light Infantry ; Capt. Riley's Com- 
pany of N. Y. Cadets, as Light Infantry ; a Company of In- 
fanti7 ; five Companies of Riflemen ; Staff Officers, mounted. 
Second Regiment N. Y, S, A, 

Col. Isaac Reed, Comd't. ; Lt. Col. Wm. D. Craft ; Major 
George W. Heelas ; Band of Martial Music : the guide colours 
of this regiment were composed of tri-colour ; Staff Officers, 
mounted. 

Twenty -seventh Regiment N. Y. S. A, 

National Guards ; Col. L. W. Stevens, Comd't. ; Lt. CoL 
Morgan L. Smith ; Major John M. Catiin ; Band of Music ; 
Staff Officers, mounted. 

Second Regiment N, F. S. Light Infantry. 

Washington Guards; Col. G. P. Hewitt, Comd't.; Lt. 
Col. Victor B. Waldron ; Major Daniel Ward ; Band of Mu- 
sic ; Staff Officers, mounted. 

The Company of Williamson Guards, Capt. Dusenbury, 
from Newark, N. J. and Capt. Seely's Company of Tompkins 
Blues^ associated themselves with Gen. Manley's Brigade, 
and took the right of the Washington Guards. 
7 



74 CELEBRATION 6r THE 

Battalion of Presidenfs Guards. 

Light Infantry ; Major Debaun, Comd't. ; Band of Music; 
Staff Officers, mounted. 

N. B. AH the officers and privates wore upon the occasion, 
either a tri-coloured badge or breast-knot. 

The citizens of France, escorted by the French gentlemen 
uniformed as the Nationaf Horse Guards of Paris, presented 
the tri-coloured banner to the Division of Artillery in the open 
field north of the parade ground, by Joseph Bouchaud, Esq. 
who made an appropriate address to Gen. Morton, who re- 
ceived it and replied. It was escorted to Gen. Morton's quar- 
ters by the hands of Col. Jackson, accompanied by the suite 
of #je Major Gen. and the Company of Lancers under com- 
mand of Capt. Beach. 



It being ascertained, that inconsequence of the delicate state 
of the health of Mr. Monroe^ he could not occupy the conspi- 
cuous position designated for him in the procession, and a gene- 
ral desire prevailing that he should be present during the inter- 
eating ceremonies at Washington- Square^ the Marshal-in- chief 
promptly acted upon the measure, and appointed Governeur S. 
Bibb, Esq., a special Aid, to wait upon this respected citizen, 
to express to him the feeling that existed, and to request that 
he would endeavour to meet the wishes of his fellow-citizens. 
Mr. Monroe acquiesced ; he entered a carriage in waiting, 
iccompanied by Mr. Bibb, and proceeded from the house of 
his son-in-law, S. L. Gouverneur, Esq.^ — met the procession at 
the corner of Broadway and Prince-street, and much to the 
gratification of those who witnessed the scene, took a position 
in line immediately preceding the barouche occupied by the 
Hon. Albert Gallatin, Judge Herttell,S.L. Gouverneur, and VVm. 
M. Price, Esq's. The van of the procession having reached 
Washington-Square, the carriage of the Ex-President and the ba- 
rouche left the line, and proceeded to the mansion of Col. J. B. 
Murray. Upon Mr. Monroe alighting from the carriage, he was 
received a la militaire^ by a portion of the " Scotfs Guards ^^^ 
and accompanied by the prator, and other gentlemen who had 
occupied the barouche, together with Mr. Bibb, were met by 
Col. Murray and conducted to his mansion, where that measure 
of courtesy and attention that so peculiarly attaches to this 
patriotic citizen, were extended towards his respectable guests. 
After the civil procession had entered Washington-Square^ a 
deputation of the aids of the Marshal-in-Chief waited upon 
Col. Monroe, and announced to him that the Committee of 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 75 

Arrangements were ready to receive him, the orator, and other 
gentlemen who accompanied him ; and that they would feel 
honoured in conducting them to the seats appropriated for 
them. The Ex-President, with the Hon. Mr. Gallatin, and 
Judge Herttell, entered a barouche, and followed by the other 
gentlemen, proceeded lo the spot designated. When the 
barouche arrived at the stage, CoL Monroe was received by 
the assembled multitude v^/ith the heart-felt cheering of wel- 
come, thrice resounding, and thrice grateful to every patriot 
ear. As he ascended the platform, those who were near 
enough to witness it, participated in a most interesting scene. 
A deputation from the Chairmakers Society met Col. Monroe, 
and presented to him an elegant arm-chair, made during the 
procession, accompanied with the following Address : — 

To the Honourable James Monroe^ Ex- President of the 
United States, 

The Chairmakers of New-York, sensible of the services 
which you have rendered your country, request you to accept^ 
through their Committee, this chair, as a testimony of their 
gratitude. The Committee beg leave to remark, that whild 
we are actuated with a due sense of what we owe to France 
for former services, we cannot neglect that remnant of Heroes 
with which you are associated : the achievements they per- 
formed during our revolution, shall always have a prior claim 
to our acknowledgments. 

The noble sentiments which animated the French people 
during their conflict for liberty, was engendered by the precepts 
of you and your revolutionary brethren. The interest which 
you have taken in advancing the welfare of the American 
people is an ample proof to us that you view the present libe- 
ration of France as a benefit to mankind. 

The Committee congratulate you on being permitted, by 
Divine Providence, to preside on this important occasion. The 
chair which we have the satisfaction of presenting you with, 
for your use on this day, was manufactured during the proces- 
sion, and is not intended as a gift on account of its worth, but 
as a testimony of regard and esteem which we entertain as a 
portion of your fellow-citizens, for your invaluable services. 
We hope it may prove an easy support for your declining years. 

New-York, Nov. 26, 1830. 

SJrrno^ J' K. CO WPERTHWAITE, > ^ 

%ned, VVM.OSBOIIN, ' J Committee. 



76 CELEBRATION OF THE 

To the above, Mr. Monroe made the following Reply : — - 

New- York, Nov. 26, 1830. 

The chair with which you have presented me to-day on the 
part of the Chairmakers of this city, I accept with the most 
grateful emotion. The accommodation which it afforded me 
while I remained on the platform was sensibly felt ; but the ex- 
citement produced by your attention, and the motives which led 
to it, roused feelings of a different character. That you should 
recollect the humble services which I rendered in early youth 
in our Revolutionary struggle, and have taken so kind and ge- 
nerous a view of my conduct in all the important trusts with 
which I have since been honoured by my country, has made a 
lasting impression. 

The Revolution in France undoubtedly took its origin in 
that of the United States : her citizens fought and bled in our 
service, they caught the spirit of liberty here, and carried it 
home with them* I have no doubt that the late glorious tri- 
umph which has been achieved by that people will promote the 
general interest of the civilized world. We can never review 
their patriotic and gallant efforts, without fixing our eyes on an 
illustrious individual, who has been equally distinguished for 
his service in support of that great cause in both hemispheres. 

That you should have manufactured this chair in so solemn 
a procession, is a proof of your talent in the art, which affords 
me great pleasure. 

I beg you to assure the Chairmakers of the city that I shall 
preserve it, as a testimonial of their approbation, to which I 
shall always attach a high value. 

(Signed) JAMES MONROE. 

To J. K. COWPERTHWAITE, 

and William Osborn, 

Committee on the part of the 

Chairmakers of the city of New-York. 



The extreme bleakness of the day would not permit our 
venerable fellow-citizen to remain but a few minutes to witness 
the grateful scene. The Marshal-in-Chief, with his aid, G. S. 
Bibb, Esq., conducted him from the stage to the barouche, 
which, as he entered, a fresh manifestation of the enthusiastic 
feehng of the thousands of freemen assembled, again in loud 
acclamation reverberated, afforded to the illustrious object, 
who, uncovered, bowed in thanks— the most conclusive evi- 
dence, that the people, at least, were sensible who were the 
men that in the dark and gloomy days of the Revolution nea- 



HBVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 77 

dered lo their beloved country the essential services that led 
to the securing their rights, their liberties, and their hap- 
piness. 

The moment that silence was restored, it was announced, 
that progressive with the order of the day, the Rev. Richard 
Varick Dey would offer up a prayer. In a manner solemn, 
fervent, and emphatic, the Reverend gentleman pronounced the 
following eloquent prayer ; which was listened to with that 
profound silence becoming an enlightened and moral people, 
whose feelings upon all occasions have been regulated by that 
measure of propriety and consistency corresponding with the 
immediate subject by which it is excited. 



Prayer hy the Rev. Richard Varick Dey, Pastor of Paraclete 
Churchf in the city of New- York* 

Almighty and ever blessed God ! Thou King of kings and 
Lord of lords, who rulest in the armies of heaven and among 
the inhabitants of earth, bow thine Heavens and come down, 
and meet with us in this Temple not made with hands ! Give 
us, on this signal celebration of the Liberty thou hast vouch- 
safed to the nations, an anthem voice to proclaim the profound 
gratitude of the heart. Replenish our cold bosoms with the 
incense of thy worship and the light of thy glory ; and permit 
us, in utter lowliness and contrition of spirit, to invoke thy 
mercy for the numberless offences we have committed against 
thy righteous laws, when in the manifest possession and enjoy- 
ment of thy privileges : and while we offer at thy holy throne 
the repentant prayer-— while we devoutly lament the allure- 
ments and assailments of passion, we render the most fervent 
acknowledgments to thy Almighty Name, that ^hy voice hath 
spoken liberty to the vassals of the despot, and that thy hand 
hath unchained from the Bastile and the galley the high-souled 
spirits of an age that is darkened by the bigotry, and hardened 
by the madness, of a royal race, whom prosperity never taught 
magnanimity, nor adversity the wisdom of the persecuted brute. 

Father of our Mercies, may thy benediction rest on all the 
engagements of this interesting and joyous occasion ! Bless, we 
beseech thee, the fair land whose glorious achievements we have 
assembled to commemorate. Bless all the valiant and the free 
who are connected with its destinies. Behold in thy benignant 
grace the Hero of three revolutions — the asserter of freedom — 

7* 



78 CELEBRATION OP ItM^ 

the youthful adventurer in a doubtful cause— the uinCDmpi*d'^ 
raising assailant of the tyrant's edict-— the generous worshipper 
of constitutional liberty. Unite, O God, in perpetual harmony 
the names of Washington and Lafayette — unite the peril with 
the triumph — the early sacrifice with the final victory ! And 
accept our heartfelt thanks tiiat these time-honoured names 
have been united throuorhout our federal republic with every 
great and glorious deed — that, unlike the common day, the Sun 
of Liberty hath ascended from the western hemisphere — that 
the glory of the free hath mounted to heaven from a land 
unknown to feudal bondage and oppression — that right is no 
longer subject to miscalled "-Right Divine'' — and that the great 
and good who have toiled, and bled, and triumphed, in the 
cause of Freedom, are now receiving on earth, or in paradise? 
the reward of their long and patient labour. 

Hear us, Omnipotent ! Behold us, God ! We hail the day 
that made us free I VYe hail the day that rent the chain of tyrant 
kings, and gave equal rights to the powerful and the poor ! Ac- 
cept our ofl^ering. Bless, we beseech thee, our beloved countryo 
May no unhallowed hand ever profane that Ark of our Constitu- 
tion, which contains at once the altar of our faith, and the charter 
of our freedom. May peace be within our walls, and plente- 
ousness within our palaces ! From sire to son, in long suc- 
cession, may the great inheritance of Liberty be transmitted ; 
and may our Republic endure to the latest generations, as the 
highly favoured land, which alone, in the annals of recorded 
time, hath never practically acknowledged any master but the 
Geeat Spirit— the Almighty King ! Bless, we pray thee, 
the President of these United States, and all others in authority. 
May the Divine wisdom preside in our councils ; the Divine 
protection preserve our institutions ! And oh ! Thou sole 
Ruler of the Universe, to whom the shields of the earth 
belong, gird on thy sword, O Most Mighty I Go forth con- 
quering and to conquer ; and hasten the glorious period when, 
throughout the world, the Temple of Civil and Religious 
Liberty shall be erected on the tomb of tyranny, superstition, 
and error. 

And when we have served God and our Country with 
fidelity on earth, may ^ve all participate in the enjoyment of 
that blood-bought Freedom '' wherewith Christ makes us 
free," and unite in that heaven-born song — ^'Allelulia! 
Salvation I for the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth !" 
which mercy we humbly ask in the name and for the sake of 
Him, in whose sublime and comprehensive language we would 



JlEVOLtTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 7^ 

ever sum up our petitions : *' Our Father which art in heaven; 
Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will he 
done in earthy as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily 
bread. And forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who 
trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation; but 
deliver us from evil: For thine is the Kingdom^ and the 
Power, and the Glory, for ever, Jlmen. 



Immediately after this eloquent appeal to the eternal Throne 
of Grace and Mercy, the Address to the French People was 
read by William M. Price, Esq. The long-established and 
progressive fame of this patriotic citizen — his popular charac- 
ter with his countrymen — his power of eloquence, and his 
manner, always peculiarly happy, aided by his early and zea- 
lous feeling in the cause, were ail brought to act most effect- 
ually upon the interesting subject. We regret that the address 
can form no part of this volume ; the reasons are obvious and 
proper why they should not. It is an address from the citizens 
to the King of the French and to the French people. It is to be 
presented to Louis Philippe the First, by a deputation specially 
appointed. It would lose of its interest, and lessen in its value, 
if it met the public eye before it had reached the exalted indi- 
vidual and his patriotic countrymen to whom it is addressed : 
however anxious, therefore, we may be that it should be embo- 
died in this work, the propriety of withholding it must be most 
apparent and satisfactory. 

Closing with the reading of the address, the Orator of the 
Day presented himself to his fellow-citizens. In this we are 
not restricted. We rejoice that we are permitted to identify 
with these pages a production, at once chaste and classic — 
patriotic and enlightened — nervous and elegant — the emana- 
tions of a liberal and rich-stored mind, scattering profusely its 
treasures, and extending in no limited measure the extreme of 
pleasure and satisfaction,. 



ORATION 

OK THE dELEBr*ATION OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTIOIs?. 
DELIVERED BY 

SAMUEL L. GOUVERNEUR, ESQ. 



Pellow-Citizens : — 

The feeling which animates the mass of our people proclaims 
that this day is consecrate^to the celebration of signal events. 
Forty-seven years since, it witnessed the retirement of the 
British troops from this city — among the last acts which an- 
nounced that our title had been acknowledged, to take rank 
among the nations of the Earth. A population of less than 
thirty thousand souls were spectators of this imposing scene. 
The smoke which marked the dwellings of our fathers, as- 
cended from a narrow circle of their social homes. Few were 
the houses dedicated to the service of Heaven. The spot from 
which I address you, far distant from the scene of city noise 
and strife, furnished a smiling subject for the skill of the hus- 
bandman, and a lonely range for his lowing herds. 

We are assembled this day, under the broad canopy of Hea- 
ven, surrounded on all sides by a vigorous population, rising 
200,000 souls, devoted to the diffusion of intelligence, and the 
great principles of rational liberty. The hundred spires which 
attract our notice mark the altars sacred to the pure purposes 
of Religion, and the various forms in which we enjoy the pri- 
vilege, to worship the God of our choice. The dense column of 
smoke which hovers around our countless buildings announces 
that our people are in the full enjoyment of all the comforts 
of life — and all the endearing relations of "wife, children, and 
friends*" Happy are we to behold this day. The scenes it 
presents are not the fictions of fancy. They are the blessings 
of reality. It is the birthright of our liberties — it is the un- 
questioned title to our homes. We have reason to rejoice. 

From "ou^ own, our native land," the happiest subjects of 
reflection press upon our minds ; — they alone would inspire 
universal emotion. But, fellow-citizens, we have received 
this day in " double trust." The revolution of years brings it 



OKATION. 81 

to US in no ** questionable shape." It comes surrounded with 
all the engaging '•' airs from Heaven." It appeals to us, in the 
universal language of nature, strikes every chord of feelingy 
and addresses every patriotic emotion, when it is announced 
to celebrate the recent events which have occurred in France — • 
France! our country's *^ friend and ally" — the blood of whose 
sons mingled with our own — fertilizes the scenes of our Revo- 
lutionary struggles — while their bones moulder together on 
the plains of York. They appeal to our sympathies, as bre- 
thren, and as men — deeply affecting the happiness of a great 
and gallant nation — deeply affecting the fate of the civilized 
world. A signal Revolution, accomplished in three short days, 
has terminated the growing spirit of oppression, which threat- 
ened to blast for ever the blossoms of hope, which have 
bloomed without despair, in the hearts of the distinguished 
friends of Liberty in France. The blow which has been struck, 
has vibrated throughout our land. Our cities, rising en 
masse, and assembling all ranks of our people, from the most dis- 
tinguished functionaries of our land to the humblest individual 
who breathes our air, have given a united expression of their 
general joy. The silence of our valleys is broken by the plaint- 
ive strains of the enthusiastic song of liberty in France ; and 
our hills echo back the shouts of triumph and applause, 
Hope and enjoyment come together. The intelligence that a 
Revolution has begun, brings the fact that it is ended. Like 
the sound which proclaims that the natural elements are in- 
commotion, the report which announces the strife, proclaims 
that the danger is past. The atmosphere, purified by the con- 
flict, assumes its usual aspect — order and silence reign over 
tumult and confusion. Peace spreads her downy wings over 
the great family of nations, and all is hushed and still. 

Europe has felt the shock. Her nations, aroused from their 
growing lethargy, gaze with amazement at the stupendous re- 
sult, and, catching the inspiration which lives in all France^ 
begin to examine the weight of their own chains. Rulers are 
devising imaginary ramparts against the growing spirit of the 
age ; while the united cheers of the friends of Liberty in both 
worlds proclaim the direful fact, that in each palace of Europe 
hangs a '• sword suspended by a hair." 

Let them learn from these events, that if they would govern 
with safety, they must rule with wisdom. Beholding the glim- 
merings of reason and intelligence, which steal through every 
portion of the civilized world, let them prepare their thrones for 
the approach of intelligent subjects, and their soil for that blaze 
of liberty and light, vvhich is destined to illuminate all there- 



82 ORATION. 

gions of the earth. They may raise ramparts of sand against 
the encroaching wave of reformation ; but without an ark of 
safety, founded upon a just estimate of popular rights, and 
guided by submission to their influence, it will deluge their 
thrones, though it be tinged with their blood. 

Fellow-Citizens : — Our sympathies are justly excited. The 
cause of France is that of America — the cause of America is 
the liberty of man. It brings into direct discussion the great 
principles of our own Revolution, and by their triumph or their 
fall, must stamp us as a nation " of right free and independent," 
or a band of traitors to the British crown. It is in defence of 
these great and important principles, " that all men are born 
free and equal ;*' that the multitude are not " to be saddled for 
the few ;" and that man is competent to govern himself, that 
the "King of the French" has terminated a long line of the 
*' Kings of France." It is in admiration of our free system of 
government, founded on rights in defence of which our fathers 
bled, that the streets of Paris have been stained with blood. 
The spirit of Washington is up, " and armed." Rejoice, then, 
people of America ! extend your united arms to the great body 
of the French nation — bid them welcome to the enjoyment of 
a portion of that happiness which flows from a free government 
wisely administered— invite them to join in the cheers with 
which you hail their Constitutional King, while they hear in re- 
turn the concentrated applause of the only Fiepublic on earth. 

Among all the gifts of a merciful Providence, there is none 
so conspicuous in our nature, so consoling in its influence, so 
searching in its power, — as that great principle which, by a 
common sympathy of feehng, endears man to man throughout 
the world. It is that hallowed feeling of sympathetic emotion, 
which binds individuals together as families — families as socie- 
ties — societies as nations — and nations as a world. It is the 
chain which connects earth and heaven — guiding the eye of 
man in grateful acknowledgments, when his fellow-creatures 
are prosperous ; or in humble supplication to offended Deity, 
when they are cursed by affliction and want. It lives through- 
out all the scenes of varied animated nature. It beats in every 
pulse. It throbs in every heart. It has sustained the patriot 
on the field, the martyr at the stake. It is the language which 
enrols in its calendar the fields of Marathon and the straits 
of Thermopylae ; and uttering with deep emotion the names of 
Koskiusko and Montgomery, points to the fields of Warsavir 
and the walls of Quebec. It gave decision and firmness to 
Washington, in the retreat through the Jerseys — and at New- 
burgh, — it made him the envy of mankind on the banks of th^ 



ORATION. 83 

Potomac. It cherished the noble spirit of Lafayette in the 
dungeon of Olmutz, and provides him a monurtient of glory in 
the united affections of France and America. It bent with 
mournful foreboding over the spark which appeared in Greece, 
and hangs in tremulous emotion over the suffering population 
of the Emerald Isle. It yet lingers in the breast of the Grecian 
mother, who sees in the features of her son the sparkling of a 
soul, which she devotes to the future vengeance of her coun- 
try's wrongs. It breathes in the dying accents of Emmett, and 
whispers hope to the great body of the Irish nation. It Hves 
in the memory of Riego, and casts a beam on the fortunes of ill- 
fated Spain. It speaks in the violated constitution of England, 
and points to the execution of the first Charles, and the expulsion 
of the second James. It triumphs in the fire of enthusiasm 
which illumines the streets of Paris, and bursts upon our admi- 
ration and applause in a heroic revolution of three days. By 
this holy sympathy, France and America are united ; and by 
cherishing fond sentiments of justice and regard, may they 
jointly contribute to the emancipation of mankind. 

But, Fellow- Citizens, there are great points of reflection 
which distinguish the late events. Th©y bespeak the march of 
intellect and liberty, distinguished from the prevalence of fac- 
tion and licentiousness, which marked the revolutions of former 
years. They display a people moving en masse without riot, 
and claiming liberty without excess. They present the altars 
of religion unpolluted — rights of property respected — order 
obeyed — vices repressed — and reason triumphant in the full 
display of the virtues of a great nation unsullied by cruelties, 
moving in firm submission to the dictates of individual integrity 
and national honour. The Revolution of '89 was the vindic- 
tive movement of the great body of a people, burning with re- 
venge and frantic with despair. That of 1830 is the effort of 
an enlightened nation, profiting by the errors of the past, and 
looking firmly but calmly to the prospects of the future. Rea- 
son and reflection had furnished the theory that free government 
can be sustained — and the example of America has established 
the fact. Profiting by the great lesson which she has afforded, 
the people of France have discovered that to be free they must 
be virtuous and intelligent — that Liberty is to be wooed by the 
practice of all the virtues — nor can she live in the family of all 
the vices. 

It is the existence of these great features in the late Revolu- 
tion, which stamps the era as decisive, and confounds by their 
presence the council of Kings. The approach of the friends 
of Liberty to their thrones, presents facts addressed to their 



^4 ORATION. 

reason, without excesses of passion and feeling which appeal to 
their fears. It wears the aspect of man, under the influence of 
reflecting inquiry into his future destiny ; comparing with calm, 
but determined composure, the various duties which he owes to 
himself, to his posterity, to his country — to his God. Faction 
is awed — while a nation speaks. This distinguished modera- 
tion has marked the Revolution of France. In addressing itself 
to the sympathies of man, it presents a well-grounded hope 
that its results will be permanent. Contrasting its influence at 
the present time with the wild excesses which deluged France 
with blood, and the prevalence of passions productive of efiects 
at which Religion grew pale and Humanity shuddered, — we 
behold the influence of reason, attended by the train of all the 
virtues, and the light of intelligence beaming with a steady 
lustre upon the fate of nations. Humanity may now dispel her 
fears — displaying her attractive loveliness, where all her dic- 
tates are respected. Religion may hold her olive branch on 
her thousand altars, among a virtuous people, who presume 
not to question her blessings, or to violate her sanctuaries. In 
the tears which both may shed over the scene of carnage and 
of death, inseparable from human strife, we recognise the mys- 
terious working of Providence ; but firm in the persuasion that 
they will be succeeded by smiles of joy at the ameliorated con- 
dition of our nature, we mourn with them over the field of civil 
commotion, and exult in the return of order and peace. 

But Fellow-Citizens, forgetting for a moment the excesses 
which distinguished the first Revolution in France, we owe a 
passing tribute to the gallantry of her people at that distin- 
guished era. The unrestrained passions which rioted in ex- 
cess at home, when directed against the enemies of her Re- 
publican Freedom, and called in defence of the inviolability 
of her soil, blazed forth in a series of military eflforts, which 
astonished the world. Her armies traversed the fields of Eu- 
rope, and flushed with successive conquests, seemed intrusted 
_ to make it, but the field of France. Animated by a wild en- 
thusiasm, which disdained restraint, they attempted the vision- 
ary notion of propagating the principles of Liberty at the point 
of the sword. Like the mistaken zealots of former days, who 
represented themselves as the champions of Religion, in the 
armour of death-— they dreamed that they were doing homage 
to the principles of Freedom, by subjugating the nations of 
the earth. It was this mixture of passions — mingled with con- 
tributions from the best of virtues and the worst of vices-- 
which roused that spirit of desperate resistance to foreign dic- 
tation, which while its object was Liberty, its end was Despair. 



ORATION. 85 

The admiration of their military conquests gradually dimi- 
nished the spirit with which the first efforts for Liberty were 
inspired- — and each successive triumph of their arms made 
them the safer subjects for the approach of despotic sway. 
The Eagles of France soared over the fields of Holland, 
of Germany, and of Spain — looked with exultation at the 
tomb of the Oassars: — flapped their wings in triumph over the 
pyramids of Egypt, and perched in proud defiance on the 
palace of the Czars. But the page of history which glows 
with this record of her glory — faithful to her purpose — finds 
in it the death-blow to her freedom. In giving chains to other 
nations they learned to forge their own. In the blaze of tri- 
umph which had captivated their hearts and seduced their 
senses, they saw not the funeral pile of their Liberties — which 
they had bathed in blood. Too late awaking from their delu- 
sion, they found that the Revolution had ended in a change 
of masters, and that the spirit of Freedom had left France in 
despair. 

The peace which succeeded the revolution of '89, and the 
few succeeding years, became necessary to recruit the ex- 
hausted efforts of nations. The intervals which had marked 
the progress of their w^ars, founded in the devices of their 
leaders, were used with spirit and effect for more gigantic 
efforts in the field. Exhausted nature demanded repose. The 
spear yields to the olive. The god of warj satiated with vic- 
tims, and drenched in blood, retires from the scene of his tri- 
umph. Peace, with her attendant virtues, descends from the 
Heavens, and takes possession of the earth. The friends of 
Liberty in France, weeping over her prostrate altars, bathed 
in the blood of their countrymen, pause over the accumulated 
horrors, which had desolated their happy land. Despair, with 
her sable train, hovers over the region of their hopes. They 
had heard the mournful^strains, and seen Liberty, like the fabled 
bird, consumed by the fire of her own emqtions on the fields 
of her former flight. P^atriotic ardour dared to hope, that 
fired by some spark from some more happy land^ its ashes 
w^ould yet blaze forth with regenerated light, and live in im- 
bodied form. That spark is the spirit of our government, and 
that country is our own. The present charter of France is 
the consummation of their prayers. The intelligence that it 
exists, is the herald of their triumph. 

Space will not permit, nor will time allow, a critical 
examination of the great features of liberty, which that record 
of their power oflfers to the people of that now happy land. It 

8 



d6 ORATION. 

claims, however, all the respect of which the occasion admits. 
Umanating directly from the spirit of the nation, it points to a 
king reigning by the will of the people, and not by the grace 
of God. When the combined armies of Europe had tenni- 
nated the imperial sway, and forced a monarch on the throne 
of France, he approached his subjects professing a spirit of feel- 
ing for their rights. In the charter of that day, specious de- 
vices were framed to captivate their hearts with a show of free- 
dom, while the means were in preparation to enslave their 
minds by the gradual approaches of power. In the first viola- 
tion of the rights of the press, guarantied on its face- — in the 
diversion of property by newly devised doctrines of descent — in 
the great and sweeping effort to control the elective franchise of 
the people, aiming at the very soul of free government, France 
witnessed the symptoms of a tyranny as despotic as that which 
marked the reign of a king, who boldly proclaimed he ^^ was the 
state." These gradual efforts to undermine all the great pil- 
lars, upon which the fabric of human liberty rests, terminated 
in a series of measures, which, announcing that the cup of her 
sorrows was full, aroused all the latent energies of the people 
of France, which burst in indignation on the fortunes of their 
infatuated king. An odious ministry, rendered still more hate- 
ful, as the willing instrumentg of his power, becoming the cap- 
tive subjects of vindictive resentment, gave a new incen- 
tive to the expulsion of arbitrary rule. You have lingered with 
admiration upon these spirited efforts for liberty in France, and 
marked with enthusiastic applause the moderation and firmness 
with which they are peculiarly distinguished. Let us then 
hope, that the farther effusion of blood rnay be stayed ; and 
that the lives which may be the gift of popular mercy and for- 
bearance, may yet be spared to repent of their follies, and wash 
out the stains of their guilt, at the only legitimate fountain of 
power. 

Learn then, nations of the earth, that the charter of France 
is hereafter to be a sacred truth. It rests upon a firm demand 
of the people, and the wilhng submission of the present king. 
It has been consecrated to their purposes by the unanimous 
voice of the French people, and is recognised by the nations of 
Europe at large. It lays its broad foundation on the imperish- 
able rights of man. In the right of extension of the elective 
franchise, at pleasure, by the people — in the security to per- 
sonal liberty and property, by jury trial — in the protection of 
the press from the power of the crown — in its open and avowed 
declaration that resistance to oppression is the duty of man — 
it aspires, under the forms of a constiiutienal monarchy, to pre- 



ORATION. 8t 

serve all the essence of republican liberty. The doctrines of 
reliofion are separated from the principles of instruction ; and 
the education of their rising youth is confided to the civil 
state. It has been sealed with the oath of the king, who is en- 
rolled with his subjects to defend the throne. They have re- 
sumed the colours which were once the terror of Europe, and 
the admiration of the world ; and, fired with enthusiastic ardour, 
they now look to the prophetic vision, which signified that, as 
emblems of hberty and light, they would w^ave in triumph over 
all the kingdoms of the earth. They have the breath of the 
friends of hberty throughout the world ; they have the blessing 
of heaven, and the prayers of Lafayette. 

Fellow-Citizens — If we have already too long delayed to re- 
cognise the debt of gratitude which we, in common with the 
people of France, owe to this distinguished veteran in the cause 
©f Hberty, it was only that, in the progress of human affairs, we 
might mark more distinctly the endearing periods of his most 
eventful life. The dignity and decision which have signalized 
the late scene of his labours — and the influence of his com- 
manding name — have hushed into calm composure the elements 
of passion and feeling which threatened to burst in a storm 
of desolating vengeance, over the streets of his once devoted 
city. At his approach, the friends of good government rally 
round him, and the enemies to order and peace fly from his 
presence. 

The principles of Washington have been illustrated with 
beautiful effect in the practice of his thrice happy pupil and 
friend. He who might have aspired to wear the crown, ani- 
mates by choice the councils of a patriotic king. The throne is 
shorn of its rays of glory — and the crown of its honour — wfiile 
the universal voice of the present age, proclaims Lafayette 
the benefactor of man. With that title, friend of our revolu^ 
tionary efforts, we greet you this day. — You have mingled with 
our fathers iu the bloody scenes of their day, and beheld the 
fruits of your youthful exertions, in your recent triumphantrye 1 
to our shores. — May the choicest gifts of a merciful Providence 
bespeak its approving smiles. — May your days be crowned with 
peace, and your nights with sweet repose. — May you long live 
to behold France united and happy — and oh, when your spirit 
shall be summoned from the scenes of earth, may you be per- 
mitted to behold from the realms of hope, countless generations, 
breathing blessings on your memory, and pointing with exulting 
pride to that page of history which shall be the record of your 
life. 



^8 ORATION. 

Here, Fellow- Citizens, we turn with fond admiration to the 
envied institutions of our own dear land. From the period of 
its existence, we have enjoyed, in an unbounded measure, the 
blessings of a merciful God. Our march to the point of honour 
and prosperity w^hich we behold this day, h^is confounded the 
powers of numbers, and made prophecy dumb. But little 
more than 350 years, and the continent of which we form so 
important a part, existed only in the spirited imagination of the 
ill-fated Columbus. His inspired visions of the Western 
World, supposed the coinings of a '* mind diseased," awaked no 
spirit of inquiry but his own — till, warmed by the glow of emo- 
tion with which he urged his theory — ^he was furnished by 
royal bounty with the means of testing its truth. Like the 
great Prophet of Israel, he had seen in imagination the pro- 
mised land ; but, more blessed by Heaven, after enduring all the 
trials of affliction, he was permitted to touch its happy shores. 
The glowing destinies of this continent are the records of his 
fame, and a world is the monument which covers his tomb. 
This event, which was destined to give anew turn to the great 
current of time, excited but little feeling in the eastern world. 
The gradual rise of our continent from the ocean of uncer- 
tainty and doubt, gave it a place on the chart of the Earth ; 
but excited little other desire with the people of Europe, than 
to make it the instrument to contribute to their avarice, and 
swell the boundaries of their empires. But man soared not 
into the regions of Heaven, nor pierced into the inscrutable 
means by which the wise purposes of Providence are effected. 
The beams of the same great orb which in its daily revolutions 
gilded the kingdoms of Europe, pierced the dark forests of 
this land, and, inviting the industry of man, promised to bless 
the fruit of his labours. Imagination, lend me your wings! 
while I skim the surface of the great events which gave pre- 
sage of the destinies of America, and proclaimed to the world 
that she would be great. Let your boldest flights animate our 
theme, and paint the approach of our fathers to the shores of 
this thrice happy land. Let us behold them, on the broad 
weaves of ocean, flying from the persecution which dwelt in 
the hall of their fathers, and the thousand fires which the 
rage of phrensied zeal kindled in their land. Show them in 
search of the promised chme, where conscience might whisper 
safely with its God. Bring us back to the great temple of na» 
tare, where the untutored savage heard God in the wind and 
worshipped him in the sky ; while the humble Christian at his 
side, Ufting the eye of faith to the Throne of Mercy, recog-^ 



OKATION. 89 

iHsed the fertile source of all blessing to man. Point ns to 
the cabin of the poor Indian — retreating before the dwellings 
of the white man; and well digested notions of government 
realized in the clusters of families, which sparkled on the 
ihores of our rivers and our bays. Here let us realize attach- 
ments, engaging all the broader appeals to our nature, and 
rapidly rising to the highest sympathies of our hearts, which 
make country — home. Civilization penetrates the forests, and 
cultivation smiles upon the abundant produce of the field. 
Institutions reared on the broad basis of religious freedom, 
begin to live in the land, and scatter the fruits of knowledge 
and the seeds of happiness over the face of our chosen realm. 
Her history is attended with all the qualities of fiction ; and 
her existence at the present hour, seems to be accompanied 
with all the doubts of a dream. 

Fellow-Citizens : — Liberty is the inhabitant of no peculiar 
age or place. Its principles are coeval with the world, coex- 
tensive with its limits. Where intelligence meets them they 
speak — where ignorance sleeps they are silent- — where order 
and system govern they live — where discord triumphs they die. 
When the floods of desolation and misery covered the face of 
the old world, like the faithful messenger of the Ark, they 
ranged the earth in search of the emblems of Peace. Here 
they arrested their flight, and here they established their home. 
They invigorated the air which our fathers breathed — and as 
distance broke the chords which had fastened their affections 
to their native soil — they cemented the bonds of attachment 
which bound them to this. Persecutions of all kind are nearly 
rJlied. They are members of the same great family of instru- 
ments, by which the rich oppress the poor — the guilty, the in- 
nocent — the powerful, the weak — and the tyraiit, the slave. 
The boundaries of nature upon which they separately act being 
to us invisible — the sympathies which awaken, at one form of 
oppression, wait upon them all. Our fathers in the school of 
religious freedom, had tasted of the fruits of political equality. 
The cruelty of governments had convinced them that they 
were guided by man™ all the moral attributes of whom they 
possessed in themselves. Here was the first dawn of that 
spirit of resistance to oppression, which finally severed their 
connexion with Europe, and dictated the noble array of '^ self- 
evident truths," which gave spirit and life to the great prin- 
ciples of the American Revolution. A common origin, mu- 
tual wants, and common defence, had long been binding round 
the thirteen colonies of America, all the tiea of national feel- 

8* 



9§ ouATion. 

ing-- and when the period of the Revolution approached, ha^ 
taught them to wield their united energies with force and effect. 
' The Declaration of Independence was their appeal to man- 
kind. Wiien the assembled fathers of our liberties placed their 
seals upon its face, they pledged their " lives, their fortunes, 
and their sacred honours," to its immortal use. Its illustrious 
author, with its ablest advocate, have been gathered to their 
fathers ; and of that circle, whose honoured names it bears to 
immortality, but one exists — Like the lonely pillar of some 
ancient temple, sketching to the passing eye the splendour of 
a structure whicn it once adorned, he stands the envied repre- 
sentative of all. 

Fellow-Citizens : — We are allowed but little time to realize 
the interesting progress of that great era in our history, or the 
lasting results by which it has affected the family of nations. 
We are forbidden by time to invade the pagesof history by any 
detail of the distinguished events which successively animated 
and depressed the spirit of our Fathers, in that memorabl© 
struggle for their liberties. They have been faithfully pre- 
served, and are familiar to your ears. They are interwoven with 
the tales which enliven our childhood and form the text-book 
of our schools. We lisp them in our infancy, and linger over 
the page which records them, in the bloom of life. We see 
them in attractive perspective through all the courses of our 
ascent to the hills of knowledge — till they are disclosed to us 
by education in bold relief — arresting all the feelings of nature, 
aud embracing all the avenues to the human heart. Animated 
by the theme of our joy this day — -we are only permitted to 
ti^uch, in he moment of enthusiasm, a portion of the sacred 
soil on wuich the battles of our freedom were " fought, and 
won." Y^^e may pause for an instant^ — hear the cannon roar 
on Bunke 's Hill—and, with trembling fears for Liberty, see 
Warren d e. We may accompany, with agitated hearts, our 
little band of patriots leaving the streets of this city — follow 
them to the Heights of Harlem — among the gallant sons of 
Jersey — till we ^'breathe again" with the immortal Washington, 
on the southern bank of the Delaware. We see the small detach- 
ment, with which he strikes at Trenton, and look with apprehen- 
sion for th;^ preservation of a spirit,which has since presided,with 
iirm, but prudent council, over the interests of our happy land, 
and now at pears among us the honoured object of our grateful 
hearts. \^e hover around the army of Washington, while 
ascending he fertile banks of the Delaware; and, hailing th© 
presence of Lafayette on the field of Brandywine, we dedi- 
e^te his youthful blood to the service of Liberty in FraEC€u 



We follow, with hopes and fears, the receding ranks of our 
soldiers, as they are gradually pressed among the sons of the 
generous South ; till, joinin'g in the shout of victory, we behold 
the star-spangled banner of our own Republic waving in tri- 
umph on the " outer walls" of York. 

But the falling emblems of our country's foes fill not our 
hearts. Our institutions are the inestimable trophies of that 
war. The Constitution of our country is the monument around 
which they are planted — inscribed with the names of Patriot 
Soldiers and Statesmen, and dedicated to the memory of the 
^immortal Father of his country. Its blessings speak over the sur- 
face of a boundless region, holding in its fond embrace twenty- 
four separate — but united — happy States ; and diffusing all 
the blessings of life, liberty, and hope, over 13,000,000 of 
souls, devoted to its principles. These- are the great objects, 
which give real enjoyment to the present, and blaze with the 
hopes of the future. These proclaim us the guardians of Free- 
dom, and the hope of nations. Animated by these to all the 
ecstasy of which nature can taste, we stand on the verge which 
separates time from eternity — implore the blessings of our 
fathers, and breathe them on our sons. 

The great curtain of destiny is rapidly rising upon the fate 
of our land — Time, in its resistless current, has swept away 
almost every living spectator of the scenes of old. Their 
works of virtue have followed the flight of their sacred spirits 
to the bosom of their God— and the labours of well-spent lives 
are the lasting records of their deeds of fame. As each suc- 
ceeding year summons a portion of these veterans in the ser- 
vice of Liberty from the scenes of life — like the books of in- 
spiration, their number is diminished, but their value is the 
more enhanced. Posterity will envy us their possession — 
They will cling to their neglected ashes, ahd will build up the 
spots where they lay, to incite future generations to illustrious 
deeds. They will hear with amazement that neglect and in- 
difference, were ever permitted to chill the hearts of our Revo- 
lutionary Fathers— or that want was permitted to approach 
their doors. They wilH)lush for themselves and for us, when 
stern History tells that the very pay which the plighted faith 
of their country guarantied is still withheld— and the petition 
which claims it lies on the table in our Legislative Hall. 
Will they not believe that the inspired visions of the world's 
Immortal Bard, gave a perspective reproach upon our land in 
that masterpiece of genius, which displays the children rioting 
on the inheritance of a living parent, and the rightful owner 



91 ORATION. 

of their possessions—exposed to the keen results of ingratitude 
— driven to despair, 

Feiiow-Citizens :-— The tree of Liberty has taken a deep 
and lasting root in our soil, lifting its luxuriant branches to the 
sky. Its blossoms of hope, wafted by the pure winds of 
IJeaven over the land of our Southern neighbours, warmed in 
her genial clime, ripened in her air, and scattered the seeds of 
liberty and light over the whole extent of their fertile plains. 
Infant States reared their heads, and exhibited their claims to 
be ranked among the nations of the earth. Their rights have 
been nurtured in the prudent councils of our country, and we 
gave them the history of our own revolutionary struggles, as 
the model on which they might found their own. We rejoiced 
in the victories of their arms, and mourned over the fields of 
their defeat. The tongues of our orators dwelt with rapture 
on the display of their virtues ; and the excited feeling of our 
people would have made their cause our own. Watching with 
anxious solicitude their approach to the Temple of Freedom, 
the Genius of America met them at its gates, and firmly pointed 
to their seats among the people of the Earth. Yes, South 
Americans, we have been faithful to our trust, and true to your 
interests. The watchful eye of our Government has followed 
with sleepless vigilance the advance of your liberties, and de- 
fended you with its energetic efforts from the machinations of 
your foes. History will hereafter tell you, how her enlightened 
councils penetrated the cabinets of Europe, and pierced their 
deep designs. The records of Time will unfold to you, how 
she ** clamoured" for you throughout the world, addressing 
argument to reason, and persuasion to interest. You will yet 
learn ; that appealing to patriotic emotion, she had caused the 
spirit of Hamden and Sydney to stir in your behalf, and brought 
the shades of Burke and of Sheridan, of Chatham and of Fox, 
to unite with blessings on your rising fate. If we have not 
unsheathed the sword in your cause, we have laid deep the 
foundations of your freedom by our earnest appeals to Hu- 
manity, to Religion, to Reason, and to God ; and when the 
voice of our country was heard in a tone which electrified the 
people of America, and confounded the councils of Europe, 
by the wise and prudent measures of a government always 
devoted to your liberties, she had laid the basis of a power to 
which they might have been safely confided against a world in 
arms. 

People of South America : — By the blood which you have 
shed in defence of your freedom — by your soil still polluted 



ORATION* 95 

by the feet of your invaders — by the calamities of war — by the 
blessings of peace ; by the fears of your friends — by the hopes 
of your foes — by the duty you owe to yourselves — by the debt 
you owe to us — by the sympathy which your efforts have roused 
in the hearts of civilized man — we implore you, cease the inter- 
nal commotion by which your prospects are blighted, and your 
liberties are endangered. Lay broad the foundations of intel- 
ligence and virtue on which your freedom must be erected. 
Rear up your statesmen upon the inimitable models of Wash- 
ington and Lafayette — learning them to prefer honour to power 
— their country to themselves. Look to the late events which 
have occurred in France ; imitate the moderation by which 
they have triumphed. May the dawn of that day be not far 
distant, when the same feeling which gladdens the hearts of 
that gallant people shall be beautifully illustrated in the sta- 
bihty of your governments, devoted to the preservation of free 
principles and the happiness of man. We invite you this day 
to taste of the holy enthusiasm which pervades our land, and 
let your prayers mingle with our own for the prosperity and 
happiness of our common world. 

To the cabinets of Europe the late events in France ar© 
the handwriting on the wall — the prophetic spirit of the age 
interprets the signs. It tells of revolutions and of strifes. The 
spirit of vengeance sleeps in every portion of the land. As 
knowledge becomes extended, improvement will follow. Where 
a true estimate of his rights is established, man will perceive 
in himself a spirit able to sustain them. We hail, then, the light 
which gleams on the future destinies of France, as a beam of 
that Sun which shall arise with " healing in its wings," to dis- 
pel the clouds of superstition and igr>orance which envelope a 
portion of mankind, and finally pierce with its penetrating rays 
all the regions of the earth. 

People of France, here we give you our cheers. People of 
South America, here we extend to you our arms. Friends of li- 
berty throughout the world, here we take you by the hand. Unite 
with us in the general joy which pervades our land. Shades of 
Washington and of Franklin, of Adams and of Jefferson, descend 
from your peaceful abodes, and smile upon this work. We 
follow not the shouts of victory. — -We triumph in the march of 
mind. Bless Liberty wherever she dwells, and interposing 
your prayers between us and all the dangers which menace our 
fate, intercede with Heaven to make America prosperous aad 
her people happy. 



94 CELEBRATION OF THE 

Immediately after the Oration, the following Ode, written by 
Samuel Woodworth, Esq. — a production of no ordinary merit 
—was sung by the entire band of choristers attached to the 
Park Theatre, — Mr. E. Richings, Leader. 

ODE, 

1. 
O'er regal domes renown'd in story, 

The trinal banner proudly waves ; 
And France resumes the nrtarch of glory, 

Her gallant sons no longer slaves. 
With tyrants vainly had they pleaded — 

But when the PRESS in thunder spoke, 

It burst their chains with lightning-stroke, 
And peace and liberty succeeded. 

CHORUS. 

Then swell the choral strain. 

To hail the blest decree ; 
Rejoice ! Rejoice ! the PRESS shall reign ^ 

And all the world be free. 

All hail, renowned chivalric nation ! 

Land of the olive and the vine ; 
Inspired with kindred emulation. 

Our bosoms glow with joy like thine. 
Columbia's grateful sons am never 

Forget that in her darkest hour 

She owed to Gallic arms the power 
To disenthrall her PRESS for ever, 

S. 

The day which saw the sceptre shivered, 

And hailed Columbia truly free, 
From every hireling foe delivered. 

We consecrate to joy and thee. 
For tyrants tremble now before thee, 

And a free PRESS, the beacoD light 

That burst upon oppression's night, 
Has spread eternal glory o'er thee. 

4. 
Thy chartered rights, with lawless darings 
Beneath oppressors' feet were trod^ 



KEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 95 

Tiil startled despots heard, despairing, 
The people's voice, the voice of God ! 

Their sovereign will was loudly spoken--- 
The PRESS proclaimed it to the world, — 
Till Freedom's ensign waved unfurled. 

And Gallia's galling chains were broken. 

5. 
Thy gallant band of youthful heroes, 

Roused by their bleeding country's prayers, 
Undaunted hurled on ruthless Neroes 

The vengeance due to crimes like theirs. 
Too late they see their fatal error — 

Their hireling guards by ^-N^usands fall — - 

The PRESS resigns it.: 'j^es for ball, 
And despots fly the scene in terror ! 

6. 
Their deeds shall live in deathless story, 

And song preserve their chaplets green, 
Yet still the brightest rays of glory, 

Circle one godlike brow serene. 
'Tis his, whose youthful valour aided 

Columbia's cause, when hostile bands 

Were laying waste her fairest lands, 
And all her blooming hopes had faded. 

7. 
Immortal La Fayette, we hail thee ; 

The friend of equal rights on earth : 
Though servile tools of kings assail thee, 

Columbia knows and owns thy worth. 
Thou first of heroes, best of sages. 

The glorious chaplet thou hast won, 

Disciple of our Washington, 
Shall bloom like his for endless ages. 

An interesting ceremony now took place, the presentation 
of the elegant tri-coloured flag borne in the procession by the 
brothers Peuguet, which M/as presented in behalf of the natives 
of France, resident in New- York, by Joseph Bouchaud, Esq., 
their Chairman, to the First Division of New-York State Ar- 
tillery, commanded by Major General Morton, who received it 
at the head of the Division. The following is the Address of 
Mr. Bouchaud upon presenting the Standard. 



98 CELEBRATION OF THE 

ADDRESS. 
General, 

The French Residents in New-York have not seen, without 
a deep feeling of gratitude, the lively enthusiasm with which 
the American nation has hailed the glorious regeneration of 
France. This sympathy was natural, for our cause is yours, 
and in your annals of July 1776, we read our history of July 
1830. France, like America, has roused herself against Ty- 
ranny, like her, too, she has fought and bled for Liberty, and 
both have, for the trophies of Victory, recovered by conquest, 
the sacred rights of millions. It is with this analogy in the 
destinies of the two people that we owe the peculiar aspect 
which distinguishes this great solemnity, that of a family festi- 
val, where united Americans and Frenchmen have determined 
to mingle their transports of joy. In testimony of this union, 
so precious to us, we come to deposit in your hands, the banner 
we have followed. To us, it is the emblem of Liberty and 
Honour, and as such we confide it to the free and the brave. 
Placed among your archives, by the side of your own colours, 
it will preserve the remembrance of this bright day, and will 
likewise recall an epoch that is not without glory, that which 
witnessed the triumph of the standards of France and America, 
united under Washington arid La Fayette. 

To which General Morton made the following 

REPLY. 
Gentlemen, 

The feelings which have actuated the citizens of New- York, 
in thus celebrating the late glorious events in France, have been 
justly viewed and are elegantly expressed in your address. The 
late struggle in France against despotism, could not but recall 
to our itiinds our own contest for freedom, and the success of 
the French was hailed with increased joy, when we reflected, 
that to the union of their arms with our own, we are indebted 
for the blessings we now enjoy. 

We receive, with great pleasure, the Standard under which 
you have marched in this day's Celebration. It will, when dis- 
played with our own colors, be an evidence of the friendly and 
respectful feelings of the French Residents of this city towards 
the Militia of our Country, and the union of the two standards, 
as you feelingly remark, will remind us of the united Flags of 
America and France, under which Washington and La Fayette 
led the way to Victory and Independence. In our celebration 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 97 

this day, while the heart is rejoiced at the victory achieved in 
the cause of Freedom, it is cheered by the reflection, that, in 
the conflict, no act occurred to sully its holy and sacred cause. 
— And permit us, gentlemen, to express the hope, that a new day 
of glory and happiness is now opened to your beloved France, 
under the reign of the patriot, Louis Philip the First, King of 
the French. Called to the throne by the voice of the People, 
he may, we trust, rule for the People, for the People only, and 
with the People's love." 

[The Standard borne by Colonel Jackson, was escorted to 
General Morton's quarters by the suite of the Major General, 
and the company of Lancers under command of Captain 
Beach.] 

The Marseillois hymn was now sung by the whole Choir, the 
citizens joining in the chorus. 

A feu dejoie by the troops closed the all-enlivening and in- 
teresting scenes and events of Washington Square, — of things 
enacted in honour of '' the glorious Parisian population^ ^ and 
all else of France, and that shall redound to the honour of the 
men who first conceived and acted upon the principle that 
Freemen should not be silent when a great nation was regene- 
rated. To the immense population of our city, who at once 
coalesced in this hberal and patriotic feeling, an equal share of 
admiration will attach. — The day will long Hve in story, and 
fill up many a pleasant hour when the children of 1830, in the 
winter of their day, shall speak of the events in olden times, 
among the least interesting of which, shall not be numbered 
the Celebration of the Revolution of France in the City of 
New- York. 

The following happy description of the scene at Washington 
Square, is taken from the Daily Advertiser. 

" The whole scene, when viewed together at the Washington 
Parade Ground, was grand and imposing. The stage for the 
Orator of the day, &lc, was erected near the centre of the en- 
closure, and this being the great point of attraction, the mass 
of societies and citizens, to the number of about fifty thousand 
persons, drew as near as circumstances would admit during the 
performance of the ceremonies. The stage itself was richly 
ornamented with the various standards, &c. To the south of 
this great enclosure, there is a row of beautiful marble build- 
ings, from the windows of which, flags were arranged, and so 
festooned from the lower to the upper windows, as to present 
to the spectator at a distance, a magnificent Military Tent, 60 
feet in height. On the north, upon the open fields, at several 

9 



98 , C^ELEBRATION OF THE 

hundred yards distance, the whole of the military were drawii 
up, while the streets and intermediate grounds around the 
whole square were lined with the various cars, which formed 
part of the procession, with whole lines of butchers and cart- 
men on horseback, and thousands viewing the various emblems 
and decorations. For nearly a quarter of a mile square, the 
scene exhibited a mass of people well dressed and decorated 
with tri-coloured sashes, badges, and cockades, while the great 
profusion of standards and decorations, formed of striking co- 
lours, added a richness and splendour, that can better be con- 
ceived than described. Among other scenes which attracted 
much curiosity, were the several presses at work upon their 
cars in the open field, while the ceremonies were performihg, 
and thousands crowding around them eager to obtain an ode.'* 

In addition to what has been borrowed from the '* Daily," 
we would observe that the balconies adjacent to the square, 
were graced with our countrywomen uniformly dressed in 
white, wearing tri-coloured scarfs, and turbans, giving to the 
scene an enchanting effect, heightened by the gallantry of the 
numerous societies of artisans and mechanics, distributing 
among them the various products of their ingenuity and labour. 
In this, the Printers were peculiarly distinguished by throwing 
inform as they pressed forward, the impressions of the day, 
in the cast of odes, &c. which were worked off " en passant.^^ 

In front of Col. Murray's quarters (one of the block of mar- 
ble buildings, and which was designated as such for the day), 
a marquee was pitched, and tents at each corner of the 
square, where the well-disciplined corps of '' Scott's Cadets," 
commanded by Capt. John D. Jackson^ mounted guard and 
discharged their duty in the most spirited and soldierhk@ 
manner. 



THE REMAINDER OF THE DAY. 

It was the FeopWs Jubilee^ and one in which they had en- 
listed with heart and soul. The ceremonies at Washington 
Square were closed at about three o'clock, and the immense 
body there assembled, branched off in a regular manner, but 
in great variety of direction. All the implements of the sol- 
dier, that in the piping times of peace are used but in the 
harmless way of parade and as a brilliant and winning pageant, 
were to be restored to their respective places of deposite : the 
banners, the insignias, the stages, the printing presses, the en- 
gines, the ladders, the steam-boat, the race-boat, and Jast though 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 99 

not least, the oxen, were at once seen upon the move under 
the direction of their various " attaches," and all were quickly 
deposited.'where they were wont to be. Then, lighted of their 
charges and responsibilities, a new scene presented itself. 
Dinner parties, balls, routes, and theatres — all these had their 
votaries, and all were liberally patronized. We give, as filling 
up the measure of the day and night, all that occurred con- 
nected with the celebration coming under our knowledge. 

EIGHTH WARD CELEJ3RATI0N. 

In commemoration of the 25th of November and of the late 
Revolution in France, a numerous company partook of an ex- 
cellent repast prepared by Mr. Wm. Butler, at the Richmond 
Hill House. Seth Geer, Esq., presided, assisted by Messrs. Ho- 
nay, Lawrence, and Ross. In the course of the evening a depu- 
tation was sent to the citizens dining in the 9th Ward, which 
courtesy was promptly returned. The company had also the 
pleasure of receiving a visit from the Hon. E. P. Livingston, 
the Mayor and Recorder of this city, and David Williams, the 
only surviving captor of Major Andre. After a very pertinent 
address from Dr. John F. Gray, the following regular toasts 
were drank. 

Regular Toasts. 

1. The President of the United States. Hail Columbia. 

2. Lafayette, the disciple of Washington, though misfor- 
tunes for awhile overclouded him, he at length emerged, and 
now shines a brilliant star in the horizon of political and reli- 
gious freedom. Hail to the Chief. 

3. Louis Philippe. The citizen king. A Bourbon in no- 
thing but the name. 

4. The Tri-coloured Flag. We hail its appearance as the 
harbinger of liberty throughout Europe. 

Marseillois Hymn. 
6. This memorable day, on which the Lion and Unicorn 
crouched to the American Eagle, and the bands of the enemy 
evacuated this city, and left it as it now is, free and happy. 

Yankee Doodle. 

6. The 27th, 28th, and 29th days of July, 1830, glorious in 
the annals of the F'rench people. La Parisien. 

7. Our native land. Star Spangled Banner. 

8. Dupont D'Eure, Minister of Justice, the Aristides of 
France. 

9. France, the ally of America in the war of Independence. 



100 CELEBRATION OF THE 

She aided in the cause of freedom, and has at lengfii gained for 
herself the blessings of liberty. Rural Felicity. 

10. The champions of freedom throughout the world. 

Washington's March. 

1 1. The memory of the Patriots who fell in the contest for 
liberty on the memorable 27th, 28th, and 29th days of July, 
1830. Pleyel'sHymn. 

12. Prosperity to the Arts and Sciences in France and 
America — May their Agriculture flourish, and their Commerce 
bring wealth and abundance to both countries. 

13. The Press — A powerful engine in freedom's cause, and 
the dread of tyrants. 

14. The Students of the Polytechnic School — May those 
who succeed them emulate their principles. 

Lafayette's March. 

15. The conquest of Algiers—an event hanourable to the 
French arms, and beneficial to the whole civilized world. 

Battle of Marengo. 

16. The National Guards, Citizen Soldiers — the only army 
a free people require. Jackson's March. 

17. The heroes and patriots of the Revolution — Let the 
grass be verdant on their graves, and the recollection of their 
virtues never perish. Sicilian Hymn. 

18. Spain and Portugal— May they arise in their strength, 
and say unto their tyrants, the '' measure of your crimes is fulL'^ 

Spanish Constitution March. 

19. Let tyrants tremble — The period has arrived when 
kings must be taught that they are men. 

Go to the Devi], &:c. 

20. Education — Let its blessings be diffused, and mankind 
must be free. 

21. The memory of Washington. Dirge. 

22. The Constitution of the United States—- The most per- 
fect now presented to the view of the nations of the earth. 

Jefferson and Liberty. 

23. The State of New-York — Let her relative importance 
speak for itself and pronounce her encomium. 

New- York State March. 

24. The Fair. Come haste to the Wedding. 

VOLXJISTEERS. 

By the President- — Lafayette at Yorktown. 

By the Vice-President. — The Late French Revolution-— 



EEVOLUTION IN FRANOB, 1830. 101 

May it be as extensive as the universe in its effects, and its in- 
fluence as lasting as time. 

By the second Vice-President. — Jaques Lafitte, President of 
the French Chamber of Deputies. 

By the third Vice-President. — Hon. Martin Van Buren Secre- 
tary of the United States — The state of New- York has reason 
to be proud of her son . 

By the Deputation from the Ninth Ward.— The Eighth 
Ward, first in population, may it ever be the first in the cause 
of liberty. 

By W. W. Cowan. — The inhabitants of Belgium — Freed 
from the yoke imposed on them by the Holy Alliance, may no 
despot again lord it over their ancient city. 

By John S. Banta, Esq.— The 25th of November, 1783— 
the day we celebrate — may it ever be held in grateful remem- 
brance. 

By the Hon. E. P. Livingston. — The city of New- York. 

By Walter Bowne, Esq.— The Eighth Ward. 

By Samuel Y. Clark. — Education, the handmaid of liberty. 

By Col. Harsen. — The liberty of the press, and the liberty 
of conscience (the fear of tyrants, and the enemy of bigots), 
their rhardh, if governed by. reason and prudence, will emanci- 
pate a world. 

By E. S. Connor. — Napoleon Buonaparte — The victim of 
the Holy Alliance. 

By Gen. Van Zandt. — The conflicting powers of Europe — 
Let the sword of America be drawn in defence of her people's 
rights, but not in the quarrels of foreign nations. 

By Dr. H. Van Hoevenbergh.— -The memory of De Witt 
Clinton. 

By John Stebbins.— The Hero of Liberty — the veteran of 
three revolutions. 

By J. Ruden. — Former days to good old Holland, when the 
Stadtholder was at the head of affairs, and the republican form 
of government existed and flourished. 

By Dr. J. Harsen. — The progress of education — May it 
speedily abolish every species of dangerous distinction, and 
render every American a patriot from principle. 

By G. S. Bogert. — The late Revolution in France — May 
it prove the happy precursor to the downfall of all tyrants and 
their satellites. 

By Chs. Jones. — Maria Amelia, Queen of the French — An 
exalted example of female excellence and virtue. 



10£ CELEBRATION OF THE 



NINTH WARD DINNER. 

In commemoration of the Evacuation of New- York, on the 
25th day of November, 1783, and of the recent triumph of 
liberty in France^ a pubhc dinner was given at Military Hall. 
Thomas Morris, Esq. presided, assisted by Messrs. Nathan 
Darling and Richard Cromwell, as Vice-Presidents. 

Among the guests present on the occasion, were Mr. David 
Williams, the only surviving captor of Andre, Mr. Young, a 
compatriot in arms with Williams ; the Lieutenant Governor 
of the State, elect ; Hon. Isaac Hill, U. S. Senator from 
New-Hampshire ; the Mayor and Recorder of the city, A, C. 
Flagg, Secretary of State, and E. Croswell, of Albany, with 
many other distinguished individuals, members of assembly^ 
&/C. An Address was delivered by Richard Cromwell, Esq. 
the Orator of the day, which was listened to with great atten- 
tion, and produced no small effect, particularly when the ora- 
tor alluded to Williams, his services, and incorruptible inte- 
grity at that trying period. The venerable old gentleman in- 
voluntarily arose from his seat and burst into tears, which 
were mingled with those of many present. The orator also 
made a very happy allusion to the acquaintance of the vener- 
able President of the feast with the Duke of Orleans, when 
travelling in the western wilds of our country, where he shared 
with him his roof and table, and that the lapse of time, the 
splendour of a court, and the cares of a kingdom, had not 
prevented him from conveying lately to our worthy fellow-citi- 
zen the testimony of his grateful remembrance and continued 
regard. 

During the evening, deputations were received from the As- 
sociation of the Friends of Ireland, dining at Tammany Hall, 
and from a dinner given in the Sth Ward. 

After the cloth was removed, the following regular toasts 
were drank, accompanied with appropriate music. 

1. The twenty- lifth day of November. 

2. The 27th, 28th, and 29th days of July, 1830. 

3. The President of the United States. 

4. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the State of 
New- York. 

5. General Lafayette. 

6. The Constitution of the United States. 
^. France, the Ally of our infant Republic. 
8. The Heroes of the Revolution. 



RETOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1880. 103 

9. The Students of the French Polytechnic School. 

10. Fidelity and Integrity — David Williams and Enoch 
Croshy. 

11. Liberty of the Press. 

12. The Army and Navy of the United States. 

13. The Women of France : like the American Amazons 
— On their Standard was vt'ritten, " A soldier's vi^idow, in pre- 
ference to a coward's wife.'' 

Volunteers. 

By Thomas Morris, Esq. President. — The purity of Elec- 
tions, the best safeguard of our Republic. 

By E. P. Livingston (Lieut; Governor elect). — New- York 
city and county — May the civilities which unite us, ever be 
strengthened by those of friendship and patriotism. 

By His Hon. the Mayor. — The empire of reason, controll- 
ing the destinies of the world. 

By His Hon. the Recorder. — The People — The only legiti- 
mate source of political power. 

By Mr. David Williams (surviving captor of Andre). — Our 
Constitution — May it ever remain what it now is. If ever al- 
tered, the whole fabric will be defaced. 

By Mr. Young (one of the surviving officers of the Ame- 
rican Revolution). — The People of France—May they, in 
their glorious struggle for liberty, be governed by moderation 
and wisdom. 

By the Hon. Isaac Hill (U. S. Senator from New-Hamp- 
shire). — The great state of New- York — Her democratic Work- 
ing Men always united, will for ever prevent the nation from 
falling within the grasp of an unrelenting, unwearied aris- 
tocracy. 

ByE. Croswell, of Albany. — The Popular Sentiment — Al- 
ways honest, and under a free government, omnipotent. 

By A. C. Flagg, Esq. (Secretary of State). —The Repub- 
licans of the Ninth Ward — An important branch of that great 
democratic party, which has always contended for an exten- 
sion of the privileges of the people, and whose energy in the 
last war was our country's shield. 

By N. Darling (first Vice-President).— Col. R. M. John- 
son — The hero in combat, and distinguished in Congress by 
his report on the Sunday Mail question. 

By R. Cromwell, Esq. (second Vice-President).— The 



104 CELEBRATION OF TH^ 

French People — May their wisdom keep pace with their pa- 
triotism. 

By E. R. Billings.— Martin Van Buren — The enlightened 
statesman, the consistent advocate of those three living inte- 
rests, on which is founded the wealth of the world — agricul- 
ture, commerce, and manufactures. 

By Wm. K. Strong. — The American Revolution — There 
never was a nobler spirit manifested in the deliverance of a 
country. 

By Warren Curtis. — The people of France and America — 
May they ever have in remembrance the example of one revo- 
lution, to prevent the necessity of another. 

By S. M. Stil well. —Moral and political honesty— <* One 
and indivisible." 

By L. Kidder. — The daughters of France — Gay as the 
balmy breezes that play among their native groves, and fair as 
the ski»3s that arch their lovely plains, their intelligence has 
taught their sons to love liberty. 

By Col. N. T. Arnold.— Ex-President Monroe— The early 
companion of Washington and Lafayette, the untiring friend 
of liberty. 

By John Harris.— The memory of the immortal trio-— 
Washington, Jefferson, and Franklin— -drunk standing — Dirge. 

By Wm. Allen.— Owr oion Lafayette, the farmer of La 
Grange — from what in the spring of life he planted, and in 
summer tilled, he has in autumn gathered a rich and glorious 
harvest. 

By Richard B. Fosdick. — The tri-coloured flag, emblem- 
atical of the three glorious days in Paris— 

1st. The Red-^of their blood so freely shed. 

2d. The White— the purity of their principles. 
^ 3d. The Blue — the colour of their discomfited runaway 
Princes. 

By Garrit Gilbert. — The two Hemispheres, America and 
France — The parents of liberty — their sons born in the glo- 
rious month of July — the first in '76, the last in 183U. 

By L. Cruttenden, of Albany. — The voice of the people of 
the continent of Europe— May its effects on their tyrants be 
like that of the rams' horns of old on the walls of Jericho. 

By Col. J. B. Murray. — The Press — Public opinion its only 
legitimate censor. 

By Isaac Amerman, — Lights Life, and Liberty, one and in- 
dissoluble — right of opinion, freedom of speech, and the 



EBVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1850. 10* 

liberty of the press — consecrated privileges, purchased by th© 
blood of our fathers. 

By Aaron O. Dayton. — The independence of the Press-— 
the hope of liberty in the old world, the safeguard in the new. 

By Alderman WelU. — Absent Friends. 

By Assistant Alderman Rogers. —The people's rights — - 
May their echoes resound from the remotest corners of the 
Republic. 

By Dr. Charles A. Lee. — The nations of Europe having 
long studied the theory of free institutions on our own Char* 
ter of Rights, they have at length taken license to practise — 
their Patients are Royal subjects — the disease — the King^s 
Evil^ or the evil of Kings. 

By Hamilton Wilson. — Daniel O'Connell, the uncompro- 
mising advocate — May the voice of the Polytechnic School 
thunder at the gates of St. James', and echo at the Castle of 
Dublin, until Ireland is free. 

By Wm. A. Thompson. — The memory of the Parisian pa- 
triots, who on the 27th, 28th, and 29th of July, 1830, gloriously 
sacrificed their lives at the altar of freedom — '^ may the earth 
rest light upon their bosoms." 

By Charles M. Hay. — Mr. David Williams, the surviving 
captor of Andre — his hoary locks, a sight more beautiful to 
the eyes of freemen than the richest crown that ever^^^ked a 
monarch's brow, and the brightest ornament that adorns this 
day's festival. 

By John F. Adriance. — Our fathers of yore reared their 
standard for the rights of man, and were triumphant ; their 
sons appreciate their virtues, and will maintain the same even 
unto death. 

By J, S. Bogart. — The press, its fulcrum reason, its power 
the lever that moves the world. 

By Nathaniel Jarvis — Liberty, the true patriot's gratulation. 

By H. H. Walker — Gen. Lafayette, who, having passed 
through three fiery furnaces, has, like Shadrach, Meschec, and 
Abednego, corne forth without scorch or blemish. 

By John Flint. — The Revolution of the three days — If men 
have French souls, how short the road to freedom. 

By Alexander Knox, jr. — The French, brave, generous, 
and patriotic, surely they deserve freedom who can so glori- 
ously achieve it, and so temperately enjoy it. 

By W. D. N. Cook. — [Accompanied with a mammoth loaf 
of bread, since presented to persons confined in the Debtors* 
Jail] — May we never be backward in coming forward. 



106 CELEBRATION OF THE 

By M. Anderson. — The three Working Men who saved our 
northern army from capture — Williams, Paulding, and Van 
Wart. 

By G. W. Stoutenburgh. France and America — Jackson 
and Lafayette — '* the men who have filled the measure of their 
Country's Glory." 

By Walter Morton. The Hon. Wm. C. Rives, our Minister 
to France — His talents have secured to him the respect of 
strangers abroad, and the confidence of his countrymen at 
home. 

By F. Lane. — Our Country — may it grow stronger and 
stronger, no link of its union be broken, and should its Liberties 
be hereafter assailed, may we every man defend it. 

By. C. M. Day.— The author of the " rights of man." 

By W. M. Haxtun. — Liberty — may its temple be enlarged 
until all the nations of the earth are gathered together under its 
mighty dome. 

By R. R. Lorton. — The youth of the United States, may 
they emulate the virtues of their sires. 

By Charles W. Teller. — The sons of America, may they 
possess the spirit of Generals Washington and La Fayette. 

By Israel Ketchum. — Th^ Gallic Cock — a few more spurs 
in the sides of despotism, and he will place himself on a par 
with the American Eagle. 

By Cornelius Tan Cleef. — L'Ecole Polytechnique-^When 
boys act as men, they must rule. 

By James Smith.— The Heroes of the Revolution — They 
kindled their torch on the altar of reason, and saw themselves 
free — its benign radiance still cheers their children, and ani- 
mates tlie people of France to noble deeds — its fainter lights 
glimmer on the outposts of Europe ; but ere long will flash 
despotism in the face. 

By Mr. Davis. — Edward P. Livingston, our truly republican 
Lieut. Gov. elect. 

By Thomas Parker, of New Jersey (accompanied with a ^3 
note, as a donation to our imprisoned debtors). — As this day 
is set apart to celebrate the Liberty of France, let us not forget 
our imprisoned debtors. 

By Daniel French. — The Grand Nation, its armies humbled 
kings to the dust, its Patriots will exalt slaves to the dignity of 
freemen. 

In the course of the evening the following Ode, written for 
the occasion by a gentleman of the 9th ward, was sung by an^ 
other gentleman ; 



KEVOLUTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 107 

France, oppress'd by tyrant's claims, 

Wash away a nation's stains, 

Rise and break the pond'rous chains, 

By a mighty stroke ! 
Charles, the hour of wrath is nigh ; 
Despots only live to fly, 
Gallia's sons will freely die — 

But, they spurn the yoke ! 

Now's the hour of conflict dire, 
Raise the banner — raise it higher ; 
Let it wave from every spire, 

Mocking tyranny ; 
On for Freedom, meet the foe 1 
Heaven above, and earth below, 
Witness this decisive blow ; 

'Tis for Liberty. 

Now the arm of vengeance stay : 
Mercy's purest, brightest ray, 
Let the victor's heart display, 

To a prostrate foe. 
Foreign Courts imposed the king — 
Take again the fallen thing ; 
We inflict no fatal sting. 

But, we bid him go! 

France no more shall bow the knee- 
Peace restored and country free — 
Sing a nation's Jubilee ! 

Nations, proud and great ; 
Home of him, who, great and good, 
Freely shed the purple flood, 
Gave for freemen youthful blood ; 
• Noble Lafayette ! — 

The toasts were interspersed with songs and recitations, 
giving animation and zest to the entertainment. The room 
was very tastefolly decorated. The fare was excellent, and 
served up in a tnanner reflecting great credit on the proprietors 
of Military Hall, Messrs. Campbell and Baldwin. • 



108 CELEBRATION OF THE 



WORKING MEN'S DINNER. 

In honour of the French Revolution of July, 1830, and in 
Commemoration of the Evacuation of New- York by the 
British Troops^ on the 25th of November, 

On the 26th day of November, 1830, in the city of New 
York, after the splendid procession to celebrate the glorious 
events above mentioned, a number of Working Men repaired 
to the Masonic Hall, Broadway, according to previous arrange- 
ment, to partake of the festivities of a Public Dinner in honour 
thereof 

There were present on the occasion a Delegation from the 
Working Men of Brooklyn, and during a part of the evening, 
a Delegation from the citizens dining in the Ninth Ward. Mr. 
Morrison officiated as President, supported by Mr. Raymond 
of Brooklyn ; Mr. John Frazee, and Mr. John Ditchett, 
as Vice Presidents. 

The company were seated at table about half past 5 o'clock, 
P.M., and were soon prepared, by partaking of a well pro- 
vided entertainment, for the enjoyment of the mental repast. 

As soon as the cloth was removed, the following Toast was 
given from the chair : 

1 . The day we commemorate. — Its annual observance repays 
but a moiety of that gratitude for which every American stands 
indebted to those heroic Patriots who so nobly fought and bled 
in Freedom's cause. 

The Address which follows was then delivered by Mr. 
Walker : 

Mr. Chairman, and Fellow Citizens — Unaccustomed as I 
am to public speaking, I throw myself upon your liberality. 
The habits of my life, which has been that of a mechanic from 
my youth, and the cons'^equent Vv ant of that education necessary 
to form a public speaker, will, I trust, induce you to bear with 
my inability, while I offer a few remarks on the important 
event which we have this evening met to celebrate. 

Fellow Citizens — We live in an age pregnant with import- 
ant consequences to the whole human family. The improve- 
ments which have been effected in the arts and sciences, have 
spread abroad among the producing classes of society an intel- 
ligence, which has elevated this too long oppressed class to a 
power and influence in the governments of civilized man, 
which enlivens and animates the philanthropist and the patriot 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830., 109 

with the brilliant hope that the day is at hand when education^ 
the regenerator of man, will be universally diffused — when the 
foul and hideous monster ignorance^ the greatest curse of our 
species, will have no resting place, at least among those na- 
tions who claim the pre-eminence of being civilized ; and in 
the place of degrading ignorance and consequent vice, health- 
ful and invigorating knowledge and consequent virtue shall 
reign triumphant. 

To accomplish and hasten on this glorious work, government 
must be changed or renovated. Too long has might usurped 
the place of right. Too long have the rights and the interest^' 
of the many, been sacrificed at the shrine of the usurped in- 
terests of the few : Too long have mankind been deceived by 
the cant of the interested, that they are unqualified to govern 
themselves. But little more than half a century ago, the idea 
of man's capability of self-government was considered Eutopian 
and visionary — as principles suited only for the minds and the 
pens of Historians, Poets and Philosophers : but to reduce 
them to practice, by putting them in active operation, was 
considered as " the wildest dream that ever entered the brain 
of a visionary fanatic,^ ^ who was considered better fitted for 
the inmate of some madhouse, than to be allov^ed to roam 
at large in society, propagating his " disorganizing and dan- 
gerous principles!" 

But thanks 1 immortal thanks ! to the bold, daring and de- 
voted spirits of a Jefferson, a Washington, a Franklin, an 
Adams, and a Paine, with the whole host of noble worthies, 
who placed in bold relief, and in practical operation, the 
''Equal Rights of man, and his capability for self-government." 
Yes, fellow citizens, the American Revolution was one of the 
greatest and most glorious events which the annals of tho 
world can boast of. its consummation marks a new and im- 
portant era in the history of man. Till that period, mankind 
were but the dupes and the playthings of the triple unholy 
alliance of kings, nobles, and priests ; who, in whatever else 
they might disagree, agreed in ruling and fleecing the people 
for their own selfish purposes. Yes, they displayed great 
unanimity in considering the producing and useful classes of 
society, but as '^ hewers of wood and drawers of water ;" or, 
as Jefferson has it, as «* born with saddles on their backs, for 
them to ride booted and spurred ;" as merely brought into 
being for their special use, and to be their humble dependents 
and slaves ! 

. Fellow Citizens — Your Fathers' Declaration of 4th July, 

10 



no CELEBRATION OF THE 

1776, burst these despotic chains asunder, and boldly pro 
claimed to an astonished world, " the unalienable and equal 
rights of man to self-government." Yes, and your patriot 
fathers boldly drew the sword to seal with their blood the 
rights they had dared to proclaim and to establish. 

The lesson which the heroes of your revolution practically 
taught the haughty aristocracy of Britain, stood, in the politi- 
cal wilderness, as a pillar of fire to light the way of the 
oppressed of every clime to the hallowed temple of liberty. 
Your fathers' noble daring stood as a bright beacon to de- 
graded man, and successfully established the maxim, '' That a 
nation to be free need but will it." 

The successful issue of your fathers' resistance to tyranny 
was soon wafted across the Atlantic's wave. The noble and 
gallant French, who assisted in the struggle, carried with them, 
individually, on their return to their native country, a spark of 
that liberty they had imbibed ; and it was not long till it burst 
into a flame. But a few years after your independence was esta- 
blished, the oppressed population of France rose in their might, 
and burst asunder the chains which for ages had been riveted 
around their necks. Yes, they nobly rose, and hurled the 
manacles which had too long enslaved them, at the heads of 
their oppressors, and boldly proclaimed their determination to 
be a free people, exercising the rights of freemen. These 
noble resolves were more than the despots of Europe were 
prepared to stand. They determined not only to crush the 
spirit of liberty which the French exhibited, but to extinguish 
the holy flame in every country of Europe — by extirpating 
those from the face of the earth, who had dared to burst the 
chains of slavery, and assert their dignity as freemen. To ac- 
complish their accursed and hellish purposes, they marched 
their armed slaves to overwhelm the gallant French ; but never 
was more completely verified the profound maxim of th6 poet, 
that 

" Thrice is he armedjjhat hath his quarrel just." 

It is not necessary to occupy your time by detailing any of 
the horrid scenes, which this unjust aggression of the kings of 
Europe upon the rights of France produced. The appalling 
and horrifying butcheries which for near a quarter of a cen- 
tury drenched the soil of Europe with human blood, must be 
fresh in all your recollections. SuflBce it to say, that the com- 
bined despots of Europe succeeded to a certain extent, in the 
object they had unsheathed the sword to accomplish. 



REVOLUTION IN FRxiNCE, 1830. Ill 

The " right divine of kings to govern wrong," was esta- 
bUshed. The Bourbons were restored : or, to use the lan- 
guage of Gouverneur Morris, at a meeting held in this city, in 
Murray-street church, to celebrate the restoration of the Bour- 
bons, " The long agony is over, (he exultingly exclaimed), 
Europe once more reposes in the arms of her legitimate 
princes." 

Need I advert to the impious and detestable conspiracy of 
the despots of Europe, against the rights and hberties of man, 
which they had the insolence and hardihood to stamp as a 
holy alliance. Its holy^ I should say its unholy proscriptions, 
which but too justly entitle it to the latter epithet, was an ex- 
plicit understanding, that if the subjects of any of these tyrants 
should dare to demand their right to self-government, one and 
all of them should hold themselves in readiness to march their 
armed mercenaries, to crush the bold spirits who would dare 
to assert their dignity as men. 

Under the protecting influence of this despotic league, the 
kings of France pursued one steady, one undeviating course, 
and with a pertinacity worthy of a better cause, they en- 
deavoured to replace the French people in the same degraded 
situation as they were prior to the revolution of 1789. But ' 
the French had become too enlightened ; they had acquired 
too much real knowledge at the school of dear-bought expe- 
rience to be duped by such clumsy craftsmen as wielded 
the energies of despotism in France. Often, often were the 
minions of tyranny frustrated in their accursed projects ; but 
as often did they return to their unholy work, till tired out by 
the firmness, the moderation, but determined perseverance of~ 
the Liberals of France, the aristocrats, as a last grand effort, 
boldly determined to trust all to one sweeping proclamation, 
which at one fell swoop would ingulf in its vortex the rights 
and liberties of France, guarantied by the Charter, and there- 
by place the King absolute, and the rights of the people would 
be prostrated and trampled under foot. 

To succeed in their infamous purposes, it is evident they 
disregarded every thing that stood in the way of accomplishing 
their despotic acts. Even if obedience was not rendered, or 
resistance offered, French blood must be shed. The prime 
mover in the scheme, Polignac, when remonstrated with on 
the impropriety of taking such steps, scornfully replied, «' 'Tia 
done, the soldiers must do the rest!" thus plainly intimating 
that physical force would be employed to bear down all oppo 
fiition to their despotic decrees. 



112 CELEBRATION OP THE 

Blind and infatuated men ! They fancied themselves armed 
with omnipotence. But the " glorious population of Paris," 
the brave and daring mechanics and working men, taught 
them practically, with a vengeance, that it is much easier to 
issue decrees than to put them in operation. 

The 27th, 28th, and 29th of July, 1830, are already immor- 
talized in the annals of history. No where in its pages can 
we find days to compete with these. In the short space of 
three days, upwards of thirty millions of Frenchmen stand 
''redeemed, regenerated, and disenthralled." And by whom, 
fellow-citizens, has this mighty change been accomplished. 
By the noble and the rich of France ? no ! no ! but by men 
like yourselves — mechanics and working men : or, to use the 
chaste and elegant language of the tory editor of the Commer- 
cial, as applied to ourselves a little more than a year ago, the 
revolution in France was effected by " the slime of the commu- 
nity, more beastly and terrible than the Egyptian typhon^ 
Let the aristocrats of every land now talk of " the rabble," 
" the swinish multitude," '^ the lower orders," " the sans cu- 
lottes f^ point them to France, and dare them to bring their 
''upper classes" — their boasted ''good society,'^ in any one 
instance, in the history of man, as having exhibited such de- 
voted bravery in the conflict — such generosity to the con- 
quered,*end such rarignanimous disinterestedness as the working 
men of Paris displayed when every thing was in their power ; 
and yet nothing was wantonly destroyed — no, not even so much 
as pilfered. 

Away then with the foul calumnies which the tories of every 
age and country have attempted to fasten upon the producing 
classes of society, as being degraded in every qualification that 
constitutes the true dignity of man. 

Fellow citizens : have you forgotten, or can you ever forget 
the privation and suffering which the gallant Lafayette and his 
brave associates in arms endured, to assist your fathers to burst 
and overthrow their galling yoke. Without their aid, the issue 
of your fathers' struggle would have been protracted and 
doubtful ; with their assistance, your liberties were secured, 
your national independence effectually accomplished, and your 
country enabled to take her place and her rank among the 
nations of the earth. 

Twofold then is your obligation to the gallant French : you 
owe them the debt of gratitude for their past services, and shall 
you hesitate now to award to the gallant, brave working men 
of Paris the wreath of glory they have so nobly won, not only 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 113 

for themselves but for the producing classes of the world ? Yes, 
their noble efforts in freedom's cause have done more to ele- 
vate and ennoble the working classes, than ages of despotism 
will obliterate. Does not the upHfted voice of their brethren 
in every land where they dare express it, re-echo their praise ? 
Have not our brother Working Men of Philadelphia already 
sent off their congratulations ? And shall we, the Working 
Men of New- York allow our remissness to place us in the 
back ground ? 

Your actions this day will, I trust, show that you fully appre- 
ciate the iioble devotion of the Working Men of Paris, and 
that you will instruct your Chairman and Secretaries to trans- 
mit to the hands of the brave, the honest, and the devoted 
friend of the rights of man, the '* Hero of three Revolutions,*' 
the Father of the French, the glorious Lafayette, your con- 
gratulatory address, to be by him presented to the glorious 
Parisian population. 

Fellow-citizens ; the spirit of liberty which the Working Men 
of Paris displayed, is already yielding an abundant harvest. 
The blaze which traversed France with the rapidity of the 
lightning's flash, already kindles beyond her frontiers. 

The noble Belgians are up demanding with a voice of thunder 
redress and reform. And the high-minded but long oppressed 
and degraded Spaniards exhibit unequivocal symptoms of 
speedily checking if not overthrowing the cowardly and fero- 
cious monster, Ferdinand. Even in Germany, the spirit of 
liberty is up and doing, and threatens ere long to regenerate 
that mighty Empire. Throughout Europe I trust the impetus 
given to the friends of liberty by the Working Men of Paris, 
will induce degraded man to assert his dignity and evince his 
capability for self-government, by the firmness and moderation 
he displays. And while Europe is thus convulsed to its centre 
by the struggles of the oppressed against their oppressors, shall 
we the favoured sons of this western hemisphere allow ourselves 
to be despoiled of those rights which the Constitution of our 
Country guarantees us ? while the Working Men of Paris have 
hurled their oppressors to the dust, shall we the Mechanics and 
Working Men of America, stand idly by, and allow a moneyed 
aristocracy to usurp our rights by having all the laws made by 
them with an eye to their special benefit, when they should be 
enacted for the interest of the whole and not of a part ? 

Is it, fellow-citizens, in accordance with either the letter or 
the spirit of our constitution, for our Legislature to endow Col- 

10* 



114 CELEBRATION OF TUB 

leges for the children of the rich, and only establish paltry 
common schools for the children of the poor ? 

Is it in keeping with the Declaration of Independence, to 
proclaim " equal rights" the birthright of every American 
citizen, and yet charter monopolies for the benefit of the few, 
at the expense of the rights and the interests of the many ? 

Is it consistent with republicanism to keep up an antiquated, 
complicated, and expensive system of civil law, which ema- 
nated from aristocratic Britain, but which is at war with the 
rights and the Interests of republican America ? 

Is it in unison with our constitution, with the improvements of 
man, or the intelligence of the age, to punish poverty as a crimCj 
and brand with a stigma the unfortunate but honest debtor ? 

Think not, fellow-citizens, I wish to urge you to overthrow 
our constitution, as based on the declaration of independence ; 
far from it : those evils I have hinted at are but excrescences 
fastened by the interested on our glorious constitution, and 
which require but the caustic of reform, efficiently applied, to 
remove them from the glorious edifice they contaminate and 
deface. 

Move on, then, mechanics and working men, in your glo- 
rious career of mental independence, with republican educa- 
tion for your polar star, union and firmness your sheet-anchor, 
and the day is not far distant which shall crown your noble 
efforts with victory ; and your country shall stand redeemed 
from the poison of fashion, and the canker-worm of party ; 
and in their place shall spring up the tree of genuine republic- 
anism, yi@lding the choice fruits of real equality of rights. 
Then man shall be judged by his actions, and not by his pro- 
fessions ; by his usefulness to society, as an industrious citizen, 
and not by the texture of the garb which covers him. 

2. The glorious event we have this day (Celebrated. — It 
stands as a pillar of fire, to light the oppressed of every clime 
to the hallowed temple of liberty. 

Song — Freemen ! rise in proud array — by Mr. Morrison. 

3. The noble heroes of July, 1776. — The first to lead the 
vray of the oppressed, by bursting asunder the magic sway of 
the triple and unholy alliance of kings, nobles, and priests. 
May their descendants ever appreciate their sacrifices, and 
never forget the same principles which animated their nobla 
exertions. 

Song — Star Spangled Banner — by Mr. Graham. 

4. Our brethren, the Working Men of Paris,— -They have 



KEVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 115 

successfully demonstrated, that they can evince a courage, a 
moderation, and a magnanimity, which the boasted *' upper 
classes" have never equalled, far less surpassed. 

Song — Marsellois Hymn — by Mr. Durando. 
6. The students of the Polytechnic Schools. — Their no- 
ble devotion and heroism during the three days, prove to a de- 
monstration, that National Schools promote national feelings, 
and engender principles of equality, and an excited devotion 
to their country's cause, and the rights and interests of their 
fellow citizens. 

Song — Hail Columbia — by Mr. Graham. 

6. The glorious French population. — In their devotion and 
noble daring in defence of their own rights, they have vindi- 
cated the right of all mankind to self-government, and com- 
pletely established the maxim, that '' a nation to be free, need 
but will it." 

Song — A man's a man for a' that—by Mr. Walker. 

7. The producing classes of Society over the globe. — Their 
interest and their cause are one — may they appreciate and un- 
derstand their rights, and have firmness to demand and exer- 
cise them. 

Original Ode— -by Mr. Webb. 

8. The three days. — Unequalled in the annals of the world, 
they stand as a bright beacon to animate the oppressed of every 
country, and as a buoy to tyrants, to warn them of the danger 
of trampling on public opinion. 

Song — Quevedo's Vision — by Mr. Pares. 

9. M. Hubert, and the Society of the Friends of the People. 
— May they continue their labours till France be in fact, what 
we fear she is now only in name, a free and a happy people. 

10. The noble Belgians. — Though second in the start, they 
may be first at the goal, by descarding all Kingcraft, and 
basing their constitution on the unalienable and equal rights 
of man to self-government. 

11. Mina and the noble patriots of Spain.— May success 
attend their glorious enterprise ; may they drive from their soil 
the heau ideal of tyranny, the ferocious Ferdinand, and erect 
in his place a government of equal rights. 

12. The memory of Thomas Jefferson, the author of the 
Declaration which stamped our national existence. — The bold 
and intrepid advocate of the principles which animate the me- 
chanics and working men of the present day ; — may they, 
like him, follow a just cause, regardless of the calumny and 
the sneers of an interested aristocracy, which now assails them 
as it assailed him. 



I 1 6 CELEBKATION OF THE 

13. Lafayette. — The pupil of the first patriot sa^es of Ame- 
rican liberty — the patriot soldier, statesman and philanthropist, 
who, like the surviving relics of our own revolution, views the 
revolution in France, not as having restored liberty and equal- 
ity to a just extent, but as an advancing step towards a com- 
plete restoration. 

14. Universal Education, the regeneration of the moral 
world. — Without its genial influence, man is a slave, even 
though nominally free. — May its refreshing and invigorating in- 
fluence be universally diffused. 

VOLUNTEERS. 

By John Morrison. — The Working Men ofParis — May their 
noble example spread, until every nation is emancipated from 
tyranny and bigotry of every description. 

By Charles Crocker. — -Paris in 1830 — The lighthouse of 
the world. 

By Mr. Raymond. — The working men of the city of New- 
York. 

By Mr. Frazee. — The working men of Brooklyn. — With 
their aid, we cannot doubt of success. 

By George H. Evans. — The working men of Paris — The 
job commenced by them, on the 27th July, has so far been 
executed in a workmanhke manner ; may ihe finishing stroke 
be applied with equal skill. 

By 3aml. Robinson. — The original working men — May 
they not oblique to the right or left. 

By John B. White.-- -Prayer — ^Like a bolus^ very good on 
certain occasions; both, however, rather unsuitable at a tea 
party. 

By John Ditchett. — Free Inquiry — The only sure guide to 
truth : opposed by imposture, hypocrisy, and ignorance alone. 
May it rapidly spread its genial rays, with benign influence, 
over the benighted mental faculties of man throughout a priest- 
craft and kingcraft ridden world. 

By S. Back, of Brooklyn. — The working men of New York 
and Kings — Although defeated in 1830, may they again enter 
the field for 1831. 

By W. H. Ball. — -The provision made by the French go- 
vernment for the maintenance and education of the orphans, 
whose parents fell in the recent glorious struggle for liberty — 
An act worthy of the magnanimous people of France. May 
it be imitated by all civilized nations. 

By Simon Clannon. — The memory of the 48 Painters who 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 117 

fell in July last, in giving freedom to France. The Painters of 
New York have shown by their patriotic conduct on this, and 
on former occasions, that they duly appreciate the blessings 
of liberty, and that on its altar they are, at any time, ready to 
ofier their lives a willing sacrifice. 

By Mr. Walker.— The "faithful and fearless" Daily Senti- 
nel — May public opinion support it, so that instead of shrink- 
ing to a pigmy, it may, under the revivifying influence of in- 
creased patronage, be expanded to a mammoth. 

By Paul Grout. — The man whose heaven-born heart caused 
the national banner of France to be adorned with the sacred 
motto of " Liberty, Equality, Public Order," and who said, 
*' To it will I be ever faithful." Who shall doubt his sin- 
cerity 1 None but the recreant. 

By Robert Walker. — The memory of Franklin and Sher- 
man—Mechanics who understood the rights of man, and who 
ably assisted to assert, and successfully establish them. 

By Paul Grout. — The Polytechnic Youths of Paris — Who, 
like our beloved JL.afayette, were first at the post of danger oa 
the memorable three days of July ; and who were the first 
gratuitously to step forward and open the book of scientific 
instruction to the industrious poor of Paris. With hearts of 
gratitude should every patriot Frenchman shower down bless- 
ings on their heads. 

By Thomas Cooper. — The Rights of Man — To which, 
while France is advancing, let not the United States halt. 

By Robert Walker. — The memory of the brave who fell in 
Paris — May their blood electrify the old world, as that shed at 
Lexington did the ne^o. 

By Wm. Leavens. — Lafayette, Jefferson, and Franklin. — - 
The political trinity of our salvation. 

By the delegation from the Ninth Ward. — The 25th of No- 
vember, and the last of July — The first saw tyranny shrink 
from our borders ; the latter witnessed its funeral pile in the 
streets of Paris. 

By R. Walker. — Albert Gallatin — Who left his native coun- 
try to enjoy liberty in this. His speech at the recent Lite- 
rary Convention, evinces him the ardent advocate of universal 
scientific education, as a necessary qualification to constitute 
freemen. 

By one of the Delegates of the Ninth Ward. — The day we 
celebrate — May we have many more such, until every crowned 
head is no more. 

By Wm. Froment. — The working women of Paris — Who, 



118 • CELEBRATION OP THE 

by their example, encouraged their husbands, sons, and bro- 
thers, to deeds of patriotic valour. May the poet mention 
them in song— may the historian transmit to posterity a faith- 
ful account of their actions. 

By Robert Walker. — True Democrats of every name, who 
advocate measures in preference to men — May they all unite 
in propagating and establishing the principles of Thomas Jef- 
ferson. 

By Charles Crocker. — The modern Balaam, Talleyrand — 
Novr that honest Philip has transported him to his brother 
William, he will not know on what mountain to prophesy. 

By Henry Walton. — The Working Men — May their hands 
never be idle, nor their heads dull, while they have rights to 
be secured. 

By John Deen. — Gen. Lafayette — Great in the field, wise 
in council. 

By a Working Man. — The right of Nomination — A right 
too precious to be delegated. 

By Paul Grout. — Lafayette — The broth^* in arms of our 
patriot fathers ; the great Washington of France, and paragon 
of American freemen, America anxiously awaits the time 
when the Council Chambers of France shall be filled with such 
men as Lafayette. Frenchmen ! verify this our wish, and 
your liberties are safe. 

By Simon Clannon. —Thomas Herttell — The powerful ad- 
vocate for the abolishment of imprisonment for debt, and of 
all the measures of the working men. 

By Thomas G. Spear. — Bolivar — Once more reinstated in 
the affections of his countrymen. May he wear his laurels 
untarnished, and come forth redeemed as a true patriot, and 
the saviour of his country. 

By James R. Paige. — The Simon Pures~May they not be 
frightened by the cries of Fanny Wrightism, Agrarianism, or 
any other zVm, but stick to true republicanism. 

The volunter toasts were interspersed with a number of ap- 
propriate songs, odes, and recitations, several of which were 
original. We are furnished with the following? 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 119 

SONG. 

THE TRI-COLOURED BANNER IS WAVING AGAIN. 

AIR — Ken m ore's on an' aw a'. 

Written for the Celebration of the French Revolution^ by John 

Graham, 
Behold ! where the tyrant was forging new chains, 

And wrenching new pleasures from slavery's plains, 
No\v freedom commands her glorious bands, 
And the tri-coloured banner is waving again : 

CHORUS. 

O ! see the banner of liberty fly, 

O 1 see the banner of liberty fly ; 

Now sunk in disdain is oppression's proud reign, 

And the tri-coloured baniier is waving again. 

The tyrant still thought at his mandate would stream 
The blood of the slave, where the dastard might swim 

In his crime-cover'd shrine, since the right was divine ; 
But see, the proud thought was a maniac's dream. 

lie thought that fair liberty's light in the west, 
Was a phantom of fools in a meteor drest ; 

But all his proud might could not dim the pure light, 
For its glory had shone in a Washington's breast. 

That light, said the tyrant, by bayonets met, 
Though liberty's day, on her points it will set ; 

No ! spurning the night, in its pure native light. 
Behold ! how it beams o'er the brave La Fayette. 

And vainly shall might the effulgence control, 
'Twill blaze o'er the world, from pole unto pole ; 

For brightly from heaven to man it was given, 
To show him that freedom 's the right of the soul 

Oppression, with gold and gay purple from yore. 
Long aped at the god, and made slaves to adore ; 

Now garments may flow, and bright gold gild the brow, 
But, idols of falsehood, their worship is o'er. 



120 CELEBKATION OF THE 



DINNER OF THE LITERARY ASSOCIATION OF THE 
FRIENDS OF IRELAND. 

The Literary Association of the Friends of Ireland dined at 
Tammany Hall on Thursday last. About seventy persons were 
present. Dr. Macneven officiating as President, and Messrs. 
W. Sampson, D. McCarthy, and E. Wheaton, as Vice-Pre- 
sidents. Dr. Macneven, on proposing the first regul'ar toast, 
delivered the following speech. 

Gentlemen, — The great event which we celebrate this day 
with so much joy, while it has a natural and especial claim on 
the feelings of Americans, is also of a nature to interest all 
mankind. Here it can never be forgotten by a happy people 
in the plenitude of freedom and all its attendant power and 
prosperity, that the gallant soldiers of France, in concert with 
our fathers, fought and bled, side by side, to vindicate the rights 
of man, and the independence of these United States, and to 
lay the foundation of our well poised system of liberty, the fairest 
and most felicitous the world ever saw. It does not, and should 
not, diminish our gratitude to the great nation of France that the 
succours forwarded from thence to assist the war of our inde- 
pendence to a happy issue, were sent by an enlightened minister 
and a beneficent monarch through motives of state policy. 
We should remember that in those days the people of France 
had no voice in the public councils, and could not directly par- 
ticipate in the acts of its government ; but that it applauded 
universally and enthusiastically all that was done in behalf of 
America. The devoted, the magnanimous Lafayette was the 
true interpreter and the living type of the sentiments of all 
France on that occasion. With our habitual and affectionate 
recollection of those events, how great must be our exultation 
at seeing her redeemed once more from despotism and misrule ; 
at seeing her throw off* the vile encumbrance of those bad men 
whose presence alone at the Tuileries was a mark of her sub- 
jugation and dishonour. Men desecrated by the very fact that 
they were forced upon her by foreign bayonets, and whose im- 
posed dominion was equally incompatible with her dignity and 
her rights. The hostilities of the Court were long threatened, 
long foreseen ; and here the glory of the Parisians shines conspi- 
cuous, that having been placed by circumstances in the van of 
danger, they espoused their part with cool and intrepid deter- 
mination. The first attempt on the hberty of the Press and on 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 121 

the paramount sovereignty of the people, in the person of its 
representatives, was the point of resistance or of slavery. They 
<3id not hesitate. — From the highest to the lowest, from Lafayette 
to the labourer who toiled along the quays, every man took his 
station in the fight. No one, whether young or old, would 
wait till he felt the grinding tread of tyranny on his neck, when 
even the worm will turn, but all, high minded and resolute, took 
their stand upon a principle, and, in the alternative before them, 
embraced the nobler choice of liberty or death. This magna- 
nimous daring, no less heroic than wise, finds its counterpart 
in what I always thought the finest trait in the history of this 
Union, showing the highest intelligence with the greatest for- 
titude. When our Revolution began, the aggressions of Eng- 
land on the rights of the colonies were almost theoretical ; she 
had not inflicted on them those acts of practical severity which 
are habitual to her nearer home, but she opened upon them a 
fertile source of robbery and oppression, — and they saw it ; see- 
ing, they were informed enough to discern the whole scheme 
of evil, present and future ; and understanding the nefarious 
plan, they had the generous courage to resist it in their own 
persons. Than this first act of the American nation there is 
none more admirable. It has done nothing to surpass the 
throwing of the tea overboard at Boston. That was a defiance 
to arbitrary power at the threshold. The high-minded men 
who counselled and who executed this declaration of war saw all 
the consequences and courted all the cost ; nor did they shrink 
in their generation from a conflict that would come inevitable 
after long-suflfering. Their spirit and their intelligence were 
equal : they displayed the one at the Long wharf, and the other 
at Lexington. So the people of Papis, with one fixed accord, 
beheld the coming conflict. Without debate or public meeting.^ 
so universal was the same feeling, the same resolution, the same 
courage, that the signal of attack which served the enemy 
served them. It is not their obstinate, untiring valour in a 
battle of three days that excites surprise — from Frenchmen 
w^e could expect no less ; but it is th^ir use of victory that is 
wonderful, and this flowing from a cause of deepest concern- 
ment to the happiness of mankind.— They made the wisest use 
of power, and showed that if knowledge had not reached the 
pinnacles of society, it pervaded all the mass below. Forty 
years since they first emancipated themselves, but they misused 
the great opportunity. From that time bitter experience, every 
sort of vicissitude, humiliation, and tyrannical government have 
come upon them with their wholesome instructions, and we 

11 



122 CELEBRATION OF THE 

now see, that if they learned their rights they also learned 
their duties ; and that if knowledge be wisdom, in hke manner 
it is virtue. The principles of the first revolution, purified by 
long-suffering, have sprung up in the vigour of their former 
youth and in the sobriety of accumulated knowledge. Most 
fortunately, this has occurred in a nation enlightened and 
powerful, and best fitted by its past fortunes to guide in the pe- 
rilous transition from servitude to freedom throughout Europe. 
With its concihating manners, its universal language, its en- 
couraging protection, its science, and its moral empire, it is 
able to diffuse the blessings of the revolution far and wide, and 
forbid the hostile interruption of the league of kings. It has 
dethroned arbitrary power — it has dissipated the insane preju- 
dice that monarchs reign of right divine. The free and the 
enslaved turn their eyes towards France with exultation and 
hope. We glory that she has caught the sacred flame of liberty 
from the allar of those States where liberty has ever had her 
worship. The despoiled of their rights in climes less favoured 
already feel their bonds slacken ; the insolence of power no 
longer riots in security ; the conspiracy of thrones is dissolved, 
and the uplifted sword is stayed through fear of retributive jus- 
tice. We willdrink — 

La Belle France — beautiful France — regenerated and re- 
deemed. Humanity approves and freedom rejoices in your 
triumph. 

2. The heroic youth and brave populace of Paris — In every 
street you reared a trophy, and the stones rose up in judgment 
against your oppressors. 

3. The Rights of Man — Universal, inalienable, impre- 
scriptible. 

4. The Soldier's new road to Glory — Loyalty to his country. 
Vive La Lignei 

5. Printing — An art prohibited by the Turks. 

6. Andrew Jackson, President of the United States — Ter- 
rible to the foe, obedient to the law, and worthy of trust ; he- 
will ask for nothing more than justice, and accept of nothing 
less. 

7. Louis Philippe, the Republican King of the French — We 
hail the People's King ; not the King '* my people." 

8. Ex-President Monroe — Consistent and virtuous throughout 
his long and arduous life. 

9. The Belgians — Wisdom to their councils, strength to 
their arms, prosperity to their cause. 



REVOLUTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 123 

10. The Tri-colour of both Revolutions — Emblem of per- 
sonal safety, security of property, liberty of conscience. 

11. Daniel O^Connell — May he crown his patriotic ser- 
vices by dissolving the united bonds of perfidy, cruelty, and 
corruption. 

12. Lafayette, the Republican Sage, who dropped the name 
to secure the reality. 

13. Reform by the ballot box — The preventive of revolution 
by the sword. 

14. The American Fair. 

On the health of Lafayette being toasted, Mr. Sampson 
was called upon by the Chair, and spoke as follows : — 

I rise, Mr. President, in obedience to your call, fully sen- 
sible the honour intended me, and yet, were I an ambitious 
orator, aiming to catch applause, I should not have made 
choice of a topic upon which every power of eloquence has 
been exhausted. 

To s[)eak of Lafayette is to praise him •, and what is that 
but as if one should go about '"• to gild refined gold, to paint 
the rose, or to add a perfume to the violet." 

Still, as the mightiest floods are but the aggregate of small 
and tributary streams, we must not withhold our contribution to 
the general cheer of all the friends of virtue and of freedom 
towards him on whom all eyes are now intent, who forms a 
great connecting link between nations and people, various and 
remote. Whose wisdom and integrity is as a guarantee of liberty, 
and of social order, without which liberty cannot long subsist. 
It is because his principles have been true and unchangeable 
that we find him now, at the end of forty years and more of 
stormy revolution, again at the same post of command and con- 
fidence as when the French people demolished the Bastile, and 
rose up in mass against the feijdal institutions, the usurped pri- 
vileges, and oppressive abuses which policy, and reason, and 
philosophy had long denounced as grievous and iniquitous, in- 
asmuch as they gave to the drones the honey of the hive. And 
though the words that are here spoken may be trivial and insig- 
nificant, yet under propitious circumstances they may not prove 
altogether w^orthless. For words are as winged seeds, light 
and impalpable ; they mount the air, and ride upon the winds, 
bearing along with them their quickening powers, and when 
they settle on some friendly and congenial soil may fructify again 
a thousand fold. We must all then do our best to make it 
felt by him whose name we honour, and by all whom it con- 
cerns to know it, that wherever humanity is cherished, or 



124 CELEBRATION OF Tlim 

liberty is prized, there vows are made and wishes breathed for 
his success and happiness, whose life has been devoted to the* 
welfare of his species. And what to ourselves more profitable 
in this festive hour, when our hearts are most warm and sus- 
ceptible, than to impress upon them the image and example of 
such worth. The example of a good man's life is a light 
that shines in upon the soul, and charms to virtue. Its rebuke® 
are gentle, its admonitions never out of season ; it acts upon 
the moral being like to the noiseless, viewless process by which 
kind nature works her most beneficent ends. 

But how to speak worthily of one whose every step throughout 
a long and trying career has been marked by some peculiar 
grace or excellence. The painter, the sculptor, or the poet, 
whose muse may hereafter be the ornament and admiration of 
his country, may select abundant passages to suit the inspiration 
of his genius, or treat with epic dignity the one great continued 
labour of his hero for the deliverance of humanity from the 
triple-headed monster, despotism, bigotry, and corruption. 
What scenes, what animating subjects. Figure first of all the 
bright and sparkling youth, idol of the gay and fair, favourite 
of a brilliant and luxurious court, enjoying wealth and rank and 
station, united in wedded love to a woman young and fair and 
chaste and amiable, escaping from the entreaties of friends, and 
stealing from the embraces of that wife, that he might return 
again more worthy of them. And why ? Because a generous 
instinct made him feel that there were worthier honours than those 
that lay in fortune's gift, and that he had other destinies to 
accomplish than to waste his manhood in the effeminating plea- 
sures of a court. And what was this field that fixed his young 
ambition^ — an infant nation struggling against power and ter- 
ror, and almost against hope, for its dear and new-born liberty* 
What a subject for delineation when he presents himself to 
Franklin and his colleagues to be recommended to Congress^ 
for liberty to serve their drooping cause ; and when that sage, 
and sagacious statesman read his heart and sounded his intel- 
ligence, and discovered with admiration and delight that his 
was not the giddy project of buoyant youth, but the result of 
deep reflection and deep-rooted principle. Again, when with 
a ship and military stores, purchased with his own private 
means, he landed in the new world, and stood reverently and 
modestly before that Congress over whom the name of rebels 
and the threatened pains of treason still impended, and prayed 
for no greater favour than to serve as a private volunteer^ 



REVOLTTTION IN FRANCE, 183G. 1?5 

and to receive no pay — this too is a subject worthy to be 
treated of. 

More characteristic still was the reply that laid tlie founda- 
tion of that affection which the great patriot chief and father 
of his country ever after bore to him, when urged to take the 
high rank which Congress had conferred upon him — " Let me 
first learn to obey before I venture to command." From that 
time forth he became the adoptive son of Washington ; and 
never did the mutual ties of filial and parental love attach two 
purer and two nobler spirits. But I feel how exhaustless the 
subject would be if I should attempt to follow its details, how 
it would lengthen out discourse to tediousness. How faithfully 
he served, how freely he shed his blood and bestowed his trea- 
sure, a grateful country has acknowledged in a manner most 
worthy of itself. 

We have witnessed and happily partaken in the triumph 
of that memorable year which was marked by his progress 
through our states and territories, of which no history affords 
a parallel. We may indeed read of the superb and splendid 
triumphs decreed in the temple of Bellona, in the very magni- 
ficence of which we learn the only moral worth our knowing, 
— to how low a pitch of degradation man's nature sinks where 
virtue is fled and liberty surrendered. When we see cor- 
rupted senators conferring impious honours on a u'surper's 
head, whom, had they dared, they would have doomed to igno- 
miny ; matrons of consular dignity rejoicing in the cruel spec- 
tacles of gladiators purchased to slay each other, or be torn by 
wild beasts, or of noble captives, whose crime was to have 
fought for their country, with their wives and children dragging 
their chains after the conqueror's car, amid shouts and songs 
of mockery, till the vile and venal populace were satiated 
with their tears of anguish, and then led back to merciless 
execution. 

Turn from this to the triumph decreed by the voice of a free 
people to their early and beloved benefactor : where every 
word, and thought, and act bespoke the noblest and the 
kindest feelings that can animate the heart of man, and all 
the virtues that can adorn his nature, shed their happiest influ- 
ence. Old men shed tears of ecstasy, to see again the com- 
panion of their youthful arms and toils, and of the well-fought 
field : the young looked on with reverence, and beauty lighted 
up by delighted emotion, beamed more lovely ; and the entire 
population of great cities, poured out spontaneously, gave proof 
that the most refined and delicate observances of taste and 

11* 



116 CELEBRATION OP THE 

courtesy, are consistent and compatible with the most per^ 
feet freedom ; and that in the school of equality, men learn to 
respect the laws which they themselves ordain. Would that 
Lafayette had never witnessed less joyous scenes : but in his 
own France that seat of knowledge, intelligence, and social 
polish, he was doomed to suffer much calamity. There inve- 
terate abuses, conflicting orders, and jarring interests had en- 
gendered passions and jealousies that bid defiance to the 
voice of wisdom and moderation, and foreign interference, 
which freemen ought not, and Frenchmen will not, brook, 
added to the terrible and volcanic explosion. Had the voice 
and counsel of Lafayette been then listened to, such heavy 
afflictions would not have lighted on the royal house, nor 
would that fair land have been the scene of such prolonged 
and cruel horrors. He who was too good to imbrue his hands 
in crime, and too faithful to join with the enemies of his 
country, suffered what virtue must expect in such an exigence. 
He was at the same time denounced by a Jacobin ai'istocracy^ 
and made the victim of the brutal vengeance of despots, by 
whom the friend of Washington, and the soldier of free Ame- 
rica, was never to be forgiven. After every principle of hu- 
man justice or international law was violated towards him, 
dragged from prison to prison, handed over from despot to 
despot, loaded with chains and exposed to every insult, five years 
of his precious existence spent in dismal and solitary dungeons 
—but I will not touch on that wound which he suffered through 
the tenderest point of human sensibility. It is too sad. Let 
the minions of despotism then cease their pharisaical cant, 
on the crimes and disorders incident to revolutions, which 
are but the natural offspring of corruption and abuses. As 
it was in France, so it will be every where : for, when the 
measure is full it will run over, and when ^^the fathers 
have eaten sour grapes, the children's teeth will be set on 
edge." 

But, sir, I must check my tongue, lest in the greatness of 
my subject I should forget the limits of discretion. A few 
words more, and I have done. 

From the evils that grow out of long misrule, from the hard 
sufferings that await the devoted patriot, from the cruelty of 
despotic power, from the horrors of provoked rebellion, from 
the snares which crafty policy lays for the feet of freedom's 
honest champions, from dissensions artfully fomented to divide 
brother from brother, and which lend the very heart-strings of 
the best and bravest, the transition is too natural to that unhappy 



RlVOIiUTIOH IH FRANCE, 1830. 127 

country which gave birth to most of us, and in whose fate all 
pr^esent deeply sympathize, and which has been like France for 
more than forty years in a state of revolution, whereof the issue 
yet rests in the womb of time. Brave men have fallen, and brave 
men have filled the ranks. May their hearts be as true, and 
their fortunes better. If from human frailty any errors have 
been committed by those who have gone before, let them wisely 
profit by them, while they generously honour their virtues and 
imitate their devotion ; and if victory should crown their 
efforts, as they enter the breach let them tread lightly on the 
necks of those who fell on the first onset. So shall they add 
strength to their strength and glory to their glory, by marshalling 
together the virtues of the living and the dead; the voice of 
the martyred hero then shall rise from out the tomb, and his 
spirit be with them in the battle hour, if battle there must be. 
Thus shall they destroy the tares which the enemy has sown, 
and gather the wheat into the barn. So shall they draw closer 
and closer the bond of union, the -only rallying word of vic- 
tory ; thus only shall true and happy union be cemented, and 
that (so called) union be dissolved which like an ill-assorted, 
ill-omened match of force was achieved through the instrument- 
ality of perverted religion, of inflamed bigotry, of whips and 
tortures, and conflagrations, bribes, and blood knee-deep. 
Enough of this. We have poured out our first grateful liba- 
tions to the shades of those to whom we owe the happy and 
peaceful security, under the shade whereof we are assembled, 
and free to interchange our sentiments of brotherly affection ; 
and to speak without molestation the sacred words of truth. 
We have offered our homage to the most perfect of all living 
heroes. • We have pledged with fervour the health of one in 
whom the great mass of his countrymen have placed their un- 
bounded confidence, and whose great energies we cannot but 
admire. Let us now remember him who first inculcated the 
saving principle of union among Irishmen of every religious 
persuasion, w^ith all the force of atranscendant intellect, and died 
the faithful champion of the cause. 1 conclude, sir, by pro- 
posing 

r The memory of Theobald Wolfe Tone — than whom no man 
better understood the interests of his country, or pursued them 
more devotedly. 

This toast was drank standing, and in silence. 

By M. O'Shannessy, Esq. the Royal Function Charles X. 
— in which X is equal to zero. 



128 CELEBRATION OF THE 



PRINTERS' REPAST AT SHAKSPEARE HOUSE. 

In the evening the Printers partook of a social repast at 
the Shakspeare House, prepared at very short notice by Mr. 
Stoneall, in his usual style of profusion and elegance. The 
Grand Marshal of the day, Mr. Lang, presided, assisted by 
George F. Hopkins, Esq. as Vice-President. The President 
was supported on his right and left by gentlemen of the Albany 
Delegation, the Committee of Arrangements, Poet-Laureate, 
&c. After doing full justice to the more savoury and solid 
department of the banquet, " the sparkling glasses" were put 
in motion, and the following sentiments elicited from the com- 
pany and their guests. 

By Mr. Webster, Chairman of the Delegates from Albany. 
The press — its liberty the pride of our citizens and the palla- 
dium of our rights — may it speedily be equally the pride and 
boast of every civilized country. 

After Mr. Webster retired, his health was drunk. 

By G. F. Hopkins, Vice-President. May those nations 
who adopt revolutionary moveiftents follow the example of 
France, and stop at the point of temperate liberty. 

By Mr. Walker. Benjamin Franklin's motto — "Where 
liberty dwells, there is my country." 

By Mr. A. Chandler. The Press — free as air, but not licen- 
tious. W^hen it becomes so, its atmosphere will be dangerous 
to human happiness : but, virtuous, it casts a halo round all 
the enjoyments of life, flourishing, and destined to flourish, 
long after kings and tyrants shall have been forgotten. 

By Mr. Lang, the President. Worn out ty^es, that have 
never been used for licentious purposes. 

By a Member. The Printers of Albany, and their honour- 
able Delegation. 

By Mr. John Hancock, Editor Rockland Gazette, Tappan, 
N. Y. Our Fathers — who are now reposing their wearied 
limbs in the shades of solitude and peace, by whose toil and 
blood we now enjoy the rights and privileges of Freedom 
and Independence — may their spirit of patriotism never depart 
from the hearts of their children. 

<' Would ye sacrifice Liberty ? No ! 
Our blood hath come down from the line of the brave, 
Let us die like the Free, and not live lil^e the slave. 

By Judge Buel. The Press — the lever of Faust, which is 
moving the political world. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 129 

By Mr. Flagg, Secretary of State. The Typographical So- 
ciety of New- York. 

By Mr. Croswell. Our Art — the pioneer of revolutions, for 
the elevation of the moral and political condition of the people. 

By S. Southwick, Jun. Washington, Lafayette, and Jack- 
son — the tri-coloured flags of former days — may our future im- 
pressions never want for the same colours. 

By a Guest. The three States of the Union, whose Go- 
vernors, during the seven years' war of the Revolution, stood 
shoulder to shoulder with General Washington — New-York, 
Connecticut, and New-Jersey ; Clinton, Trumbull, and Livings- 
ton, their revered names. 

By Mr. Hoffman, from Albany. The French Revolution-— 
a new edition of an old primer, lately revised Sind corrected^ in 
which the people are made to understand the difference be- 
tween a King of the People, and a People's King. 

By the Hon. Isaac Hill. The progress of liberal principles 
— the speedy abolishment of incarceration for debt, followed 
by the abrogation of punishment of death, will afford ample 
demonstration that individual honour is the best sponsor for 
property, and that crime is more effectually restrained by the 
certainty than by the severity of punishment. 

By Mr. Flanagan. General Lafayette, the Father of the 
I'rench Revolution of 1 830 — freemen honour him — types speak 
gloriously of him — tyrants hate him. 

By Mr. Trumbull, of Albany. Lafayette. May he never 
have fewer hearts to respond to his sentiments than there were 
patriotic ones in the procession to-day. 

By Mr. Hinkley, of Albany. The State of New- York. 
May her favourite Son be set up in the next Presidential Chair. 

By Mr. Ford, of Albany. Col. Richard M. Johnson. A 
good Printer, and an enemy of Priestcraft. 

By Mr. S. Woodworth. The Civic Procession of Nov. 26, 
1830. — Forty thousand Freemen rejoicing at the downfall of 
tyranny — its moral influence will be felt f6r ages. Let the 
Despots of Europe take the hint^ 

By Mr. Hutton. Lafayette, the son of Washington — the 
second in America, and the first in France. 

By Mr. Grattan. Our Typographical Brethren of Paris, 
who dropped their shooting-sticks for muskets, their bodkins for 
bayonets, their mallets for battering-rams, and their presses 
for pressing of a different nature. 

By Mr. Marshall. Lafayette and Clinton — names never 
to be forgotten, 



130 CELEBRATION OF THE 

By Mr. Southwick. The Printers of New- York — May they 
never want for matter to fill the cases of our Delegation. 

By Mr. Van Norden. The friends of Liberty in every land 
—Let them "calculate the value of UNION." 

By Mr. William Cully. The Press— When shackled and 
subverted, the tyrant's minion, the demagogue's pander, and 
the people's curse — when untrammelled and free, the recent 
mighty Revolution in France has emphatically demonstrated 
'* The tyrant's foe and the people's friend." 

By Mr. Rice. The March of Reform throughout the World 
—may it march over the bodies of those who will not march 
with it. 

By Mr. Childs. Liberty of Opinion, the basis of every free 
governnoent. 

By Mr. Watson. The Press — By its expression^ has made 
an impression which we all know is the cause of depression to 
despots. 

By Mr. M^Kee. The Press — ^May its eternal purpose be 
the dissemination of virtuous aijd honourable principles, and all 
who labour in its vocation, take data from their handiwork. 

By Mr. VVendell. Pointers — May they always forget the 
old motto, " Chanty begins at home," when they see a brother 
in distress. 

By Mr. Flanagan. Gen. Marion, a second Washington — 
the same in a mud cabin as he would have been in a palace — 
one of America's precious heroes — May his memory never be 
forgotten. 

By Mr. Frazee. Freedom and Equal Rights, the founda- 
tion of national happiness and prosperity — May France, like 
America, enjoy them under a Republican Government. 

By Mr. Mercein. May the stain of tyranny be obliterated 
by the indelible impressions of the Press. 

By Mr. Ramsay. The Proprietors of the Daily Press — 
Liberal in their expenditures, may they be liberally supported 
by an enlightened and equally liberal public. 

The utmost harmony and hilarity prevailed during the en- 
tertainment, and the company separated at a seasonable hour, 
pleased with themselves and each other — grateful to their pro- 
fessional brethren in Albany—delighted with their guests, and 
daly impressed with the taste, skill, and accommodating spirit 
of their provider, Mr. Stoneall. 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 131 



PLACES OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT. 

The Park and Bowery Theatres were brilliantly illuminated, 
and the representations were of a character corresponding 
I with the joyful occasion. 

PARK THEATRE. 

A " petite" Drama, w; ■ 'ten by J. B. Phillips, Esq., entitled 
*' Three Days in Paris, or the Triumph of Liberty ^^^ was pre- 
sented. The title was sufficient, exclusive of the merit that 
attached to the piece, to secure for it a hearty reception. 
The national Ode — '' Hymn to Liberty ^^^ written by Samuel 
Woodworth, Esq., and sung at Washington Square, as forming 
a part of the celebration of the day, was repeated by the entire 
operatique strength of the Company, with great effect. The 
patriotic sentiments so happily interwoven by this pleasing 
poet, together with the music, being adapted to the Marseillois 
Hymn, won for the Ode the most unbounded applause. 

The following was sung by Mr. Richings in the Drama of 
^' Three Days in Paris," — Air — ^^Le petit Tambour^ 

Sound, sound the martial strain, 
Hail the joyous day again. 

When the Sons of I^rance 

Made bold advance. 
And broke the despot's chain ; 
When their heroes of noble name, 
Their freedom did proclaim, 

And to the world 

The flag unfurled. 
Of glpry and of fame ; 
Our watch- word ever be. 
All hail to the great and free, 

Oh long may wave 

The flag of the brave, 
The banner of liberty. 

The interior of the Theatre abounded with appropriate ban- 
ners and transparencies, evincive both of the taste and of the 
unceasing efforts of the indefatigable manager, E. Simpson, 
Esq., to please the public. On this night the " quid pro quo" 
was amply afforded. Never had the Theatre been so crowded ; 



132 CELEBRATION OF THE 

hundreds were sent away for want of rdom, and a part of the 
audience intruded upon the boundary line of those whose voca- 
tion it was to " speak the speech.' 

BOWERY THEATRE; 

This Theatre was brilliantly illuminated. The interior was 
rendered peculiarly interesting by the display of a grand trans- 
parency painted by that gifted aitist, Mr. Reinagle, in comme- 
moration of the triumph of liberty in France. — The foreground 
of the picture presented full length Wkenesses o{ Lafayette 
and Louis Philippe the First, standing at the foot of the statue 
of Washington- — Lafayette directing the attention of the king 
to the inscription on the pedestal of the immortal patriot — the 
father of his country — of the man, " first in war, first in peace, 
and first in the hearts of his countrymen" — of him whose tran- 
scendant virtues were worthy the imitation of the King of the 
French, In the upper part of the picture were the geniuses 
of Liberty and Immortality entwining the tri-colored flag with 
the star-spangled banner, and holding two wreaths of laurel 
over the dates of *< 1776*' and '' 1830"— the remainder of the 
picture was occupied with a view of the harbour of New- York, 
and the British fleet saihng out, in allusion to the 25th No- 
vember, 1783. 

The selections were judiciously made, and well adapted to 
the feelings of the people ; embracing, in a great measure, 
representations of the events that had called for the celebra- 
tion of the day. 

A translation of the grand national ode ^^ La Parisiene^^\ 
by Casimir Delavigne, was sung by the corps operatique with 
fine effect. 

A melo-dramatic spectacle, written for the occasion, entitled 
*' France Triumphant, or the Downfall of Tyranny" was pro- 
duced, and received rounds of applause. 

Mrs, Hamblin, in the character of the Goddess of Liberty^ 
spoke, in a style pre-eminently happy, the following Ode to 
" France^'' written by J. B. Phillips, Esq. 

Hark ! 't was a battle shout, stern war's alarms 

Rend the still air, the cry is on " to arms !" 

'Tis heard, and 'tis obey'd ; the sons of France, 

Prom vale and mount, with hearts resolved, advance, 

To strike for freedom, and their native land. 

And snatch the sceptre from a despot's hand, 



HEVOLtJTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 133 

Bravely they battle for their charter'd rights, 

And freedom's banner, raise again on high ; 

While smiling vale and lofty mountain height 

Ring loudly, with the soul-inspiring cry. 
^^ To arjns I to arms !" the signal word is given ; 
High floats their banner, — smile upon them Heaven ! 
Lo ! 't is an Eagle soars o'er yonder dome. 
The bird of Freedom seeks her early home. 
Now on the air a shout of triumph swells, 
A tale of wonder, that proud Paean tells, 
*'• Free ! we are free !" the words of joy are spoken, 
The tyrant flies, the despot's chains are broken. 
Land of the vine-clad hills and fertile vale ! 
Thy songs of triumph rise upon th€ gale ; 
The flag of freedom is again unfurl'd — 
And hail'd with plaudits by th' admiring world. 

Now o'er the sea 

To the land of the free, 
Thy triumphant shouts are brought, 

And the tale is told 

How thy children bold. 
For the rights of their fathers fought. 
And millions of freemen fair France arise, 
And echo back thy rejoicing cries ; 
And glad is the greeting, fair France, they send 
To their ancient ally, and their early friend ; 
Nation of gallant hearts 1 when tyrant power 
Spread desolation through our native land,- 
Thy hero came to aid us in that hour. 
With noble heart and ever ready hand. 
He fought and bled in our country's cause, 
Gain'd our love, and won the vvorld's applause-^ 
'T^was Lafayette, last of the gallant band 
That crush'd oppression in this western world, 
Who wrench'd the sceptre from his iron hand 
And the bright flag of liberty unfurl'd ; 
He led thy champions to the gallant fight 
Which burst thy chains, proclaim'd the people's right ; 
Who sees again, as in his life's young dream 
The star of freedom on his country beam. 

Long may the banner of both nations wave 
In proud alliance over land and sea ; 

And teach the world, the virtuous and brave 
Alike are mighty, and alike are free. 
12 



134 CELEBRATIOT^ OF THE 

The manager of this Theatre, Tkomds Hamhlin^ Esq,, was 
assiduous in his efforts to cater richly for his patrons ; their 
applause was the evidence of his success, and he had afforded 
another solid proof, — a house crowded to excess. Here also 
were seen hundreds on the stage, not hitherto known sls^ ^knights 
of the Sock and Buskin ;^^ they were however only recognised 
by the Veterans of the Corps as Supernumeraries, and conse- 
quently attracted but little attention. 

The following patriotic Ode is from the inimitable pen of 
Prosper M. Wetmore, Esq., and is well worthy its author : it 
was written for the occasion of the celebration, and was in- 
tended to have been read at one of the public dinners, by a 
gentleman, who was unavoidably prevented joining the party. 

ODE. 

FOR THE CELEBRATION IN HONOUR OP THE FRENCH 
REVOLUTION. 

A voice on every wave, 

A sound o'er every sea ! 
The war-note of the brave. 
The anthem of the free ! 
From steep to steep it rings. 

Through Europe's many climes — 
" A knell to despot kings, 

A sentence on their crimes ; 
From every giant hill companion of the cloud, 
The startled echo leaps to give it back aloud I 

Where'er a wind is rushing — 

Where'er a stream is gushing — 
The swelling sounds are heard, 

Of man to freeman calhng-*- 

Of broken fetters falling — * 

And, like the carol of an uncaged bird. 
The bursting shout of Freedom's battle-word : 

Spirit of Freedom 1 from thy home. 

Beneath our western skies, 
W^e gave thee forth the shackled earth to roam-— 
That red oppression's heart might quail, 
And shuddering tyranny grow pale, 

Before the lightning of thine eyes ! 
Thy course hath been a glorious one — 
For nations now are basking in thy light, 
That ere the trial-deed was done, , 

Were grovellers in being's night ; 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1€30. 136 

Upstarting from their sleep, 

They grasp the dooming brand, 
And, vengeance-nerved, the spoilers sweep 
From off the trampled land ; 
They give them not to death—contempt can punish more — 
But frowningly and stern they wave them from the shore I 

From the North's frozen regions, 

Ice-fetter'd in gloom — 
Where slavery's legions. 

Are wailing their doom ; 
From Italy's clime„ 

The brightest of earth — 
Where man lives in crime, 

Polluted from birth ; 
From Spain's death-like trance, 

And from Portugal's blight. 
We turn to thee, France ! 
And we turn with delight, 
Where the eyes of our fathers were turned — 
To the land of the warm-hearted Gaul I 
When dimly the flame on their altar-stones burned, 
And their hopes were as dark as the pall ; 
To the land of the noble in soul. 
The mighty in spirit and name. 
Where vengeance hath listened to reason's control, 
And the doom of the tyrant was — shame 1 
Oh ! deeper and darker that doom, than if blood 
Had been poured o'er regenerate France like a flood ! 

Joy to thee, France ! in thy pride. 

The world shall rejoice at thy deed ; 
Long may the hearts that the despot defied, 

Ennoble the land they have freed 1 
Away with the flag of the Bourbon — away ! 

Oh ! never again let it wave, 
Where glory hath marshall'd her chosen array — 

To earth with the flag of the slave ! 
Down, down with the banner of shame, 

And trample its folds in the dust ; 
Away with the race that have blighted its fame, 

Where the fetters of tyranny rust : 
Come from the gloom of thy cloud, 

Come with thy splendour of yore, 
Thou pennant of glory 1 each Gaul shall be proud. 

As he welcomes his own tri- color / 



fSS CELEBRATION OF THE 

And thou ! the ruler of the storm, 
Whose hand put back the wave, 
When anarchy upreared his awful forni— 
Whose voice went forth to save ; 
Thou 1 whom we proudly call our own-— 
Tl]e warrior of the free I 
Among earth's mighty ones thou stand'st alone — 
The delegate of liberty ! 
Kingdoms nor crowns — the patriot warriors name ;; 

Thy nobler recompense shall be — 
No brighter record gilds the page of fame i 

Spirit of Freedom t on — 

Obt pause not in thy flighty 
Till every chme is won 

To worship in thy light ; 
Speed on thy glorious way, 

And wake the sleeping lands- 
Millions are watching for thy ray^^^ 

And lift to thee their hands ; 
Still, onward ^ be thy cry — 

Thy banner on the blast-— 
And like a tempest as thou rushest by^^ 

D8S[>ots shall shrink aghast 1 
On 1 till thy name is known, 

Throughout the peopled earth — ' 

On ! till thou reign^st alone, 

Man's heritage by birth ; 
On ! till from every vale, and where the mountains rises. 
The beacon light of liberty, shall kindle to the skies I 



DINNER TO SAMUEL SWARTWOUT, Esq. 

The citizens, aids to the Marshal- in- Chief, together with the 
gentlemen, natives of France, who formed a part of his suite on 
the day of the celebration, addressed the following letter ta 
that gentleman, which is accompanied with the reply. 

The sentiments of feeling and approbation which it expresses 
towards 31r. Swartivoui, are such as prevail generally through- 
out this great community. We also give below an account of 
the dinner, taken from the Eyening Post of the 6th. Decenoit^c. 



REVOLtJTION m FRANCE, 1830. 137 

To Samuel Swartwout, Esq. 

Sir, — The undersigned, members of the suite attached to 
your person, as Marshal-in-Chief, on the recent celebration of 
the triumph of civil liberty in France, beg leave respectfully 
to express their gratification at having been associated with 
you in the discharge of a duty so perfectly in consonance with 
their feehngs as individuals, and so creditable to the liberal 
opinions which pervade the community in which they reside. 

For any merit which may belong to the undersigned for the 
successful termination of their pleasing duties, they are per- 
fectly conscious that it has been won for them by the correctness 
of judgment, decision, and energy which have been apparent 
throughout the whole progress and completion of your arrange- 
ments ; but they feel not the less flattered at having assisted to 
carry those arrangements into execution. 

As an evidence of their respect for your public character, 
and in testimony of their individual esteem, the undersigned 
respectfully request your presence at an entertainment to be 
given at the City Hotel, on Saturday next, the 4th inst., at five 
o'clock. With sentiments of the highest respect, we are, your 
obedient servants. 

Signed — -Daniel Jackson, Prosper M. Wetmore, William 
Dumont, RobertXawrence, Silas E. Burrows, Edw. IVL Green- 
way, Amos Palmer, George D. Strong, Charles McEvers, Jr., 
John R. Livingston, Jr., Chas. A. Clinton, George Davis, H. 
Chevrolat, J. F. N. Vouthier, H. G. Duvivier, M. Panon, A. 
Le Moyne, C. Calemare, A. S. Perrot, Richard Pennell, M. 
M. Quackenboss, Frederick Groshon, John L. Graham, John 
T. Ferguson, M. M. Noah, L. Depeyre, B. De La Pierre, Da- 
vid C. Colden, Joel Curtis, Henry Ogden, Gouvr. S. Bibb. 

Nem-YorJc, 29tk Nov. 1830. 

The following is the reply of Mr. Swartwout : — 

NeW'YorJc^ 2d December, 1830, 

Gentlemen, — I have received from your Chairman, Silas E. 
Burrows, Esq., your very kind letter of the 29th ult., express- 
ing your approval of the manner in which the arrangements 
made for the celebration of the late Revolution in France had 
been conducted on the 26th ultimo ; accompanied by an invi- 
tation to partake of an entertainment to be given by you on 
Saturday next^ at the City Hotel. 

While I feel gratified at your partial notice of my conduct 
on that occasion, I am persuaded, gentlemen, that to the intel- 

12* 



i3B CSLEBRATION OF TWtMl 

ligence, activity, promptitude, and courteous deportment' of 
those who were associated with me as Aids, I owe entirely the 
accurate and timely movements of the procession ; and I hope 
I may be permitted to avail myself of this opportunity to statCj^ 
that to the cordial support, and friendly and accommodating 
spirit of the officers of the different societies, of the military^ 
and of the splendid escort of French gentlemen, were we in- 
del)ted for the beautiful and gratifying display made by our fel- 
low-citizens on that proud day. 

Permit me, gentlemen, in conclusion, to say, that I am sensi- 
bly affected by this marked token of your personal regard, and 
that I accept your friendly invitation with sentiments of pride 
and pleasure. 

Allow me to tender yon my thanks for the kind manner in 
which you have been pleased to communicate your invitation -^^ 
and believe me, gentlemen, most sincerely and respectfully, 
your obedient servant, 

SAMUEL SWARTWOUT. 

Among the guests were many of the oldest and most respect- 
able of our citizens, including the Orator, and Reader of the 
Address to the French people, on the late celebration. Mr, 
Monroe, late President of the United States, and Mr. Albert 
Gallatin, were invited, but were prevented from attending, the 
former by indisposition, the latter by a prior engagement. The 
following is the reply received by the committee of invitation 
from Mr. Monroe. 

New-YorJc, Dec, 4, 1830. 

Gentlemen,-—! regret tBat the infirm and weak state of my 
health deprives me of the pleasure of accepting your invitation 
to a dinner given to-day, by the suite of Mr. Swart wout, as 
Marshal-in-Chief in the late celebration of the French Revolu- 
tion, as a testimony of their regard for him, and of their appro- 
bation of his conduct on that interesting occasion. 

It was my intention to have called at the hour appointed, at 
the City Hotel, to make my acknowledgment to you for your 
kind invitation, and to meet the respectable party assembled 
there ; and to express my high approbation of his conduct in 
the management of the procession, and performance of all the 
duties of the day ; but I find it impossible, without the most 
serious exposure of my health. 

J cannot withhold the expression of my grateful acknow- 



SEVOLtTTION IN PRANCE, 1830. 139 

ledgment, for the many acts of kindness which I have received 
from my fellow-citizens here, since my arrival among them. 
With great respect, I am your very ob't servant, 

JAMES MONROE. 
To Charles A. Clinton, Prosper M. Wetmore, Amos Palmer, 
Charles McEvers, junr., E. M. Greenway, Esquires. 

Upon the removal of the cloth, the following regular toasts 
were given : 

1. Our Country, Sovereign and independent, uniting 
liberty and law, energy and moderation, justice and gene- 
rosity. — May we ever be enabled to appreciate and enjoy the 
blessings we possess. 3 cheers. 

2. General Andrew Jackson, President of the United 
States. 9 cheers. 

In introducing the next toast, the following remarks were 
made by the President. 

I rise, gentlemen, to announce a toast, that I presume yoo 
all anticipate, and which will be received with all the warmth 
of friendly feeling. When the name of a distinguished indi- 
vidual is introduced, and that individual a guest of this com- 
pany, 1 am justified in believing it will be received with no 
ordinary applause ; bui, gentlemen, when with that name the 
honourable person is introduced with whom our daily business 
brings us in connexion, and from whom we receive every aid 
and attention, to divest business of its natural perplexities ; 
who, instead of adding to our labours by inattention or dis- 
regard, is assiduous to know, to learn, and to remove all the 
difficulties that his legal powers can counteract ; I cannot be 
mistaken in anticipating a prodigal effusion of the heart. I 
therefore give you, gentlemen, 

3. Our GtrEST, the Marshal-in-Chief of the late celebration 
in honour of the French Revolution.- — In the discharge of his 
duty on that day, or in discharge of any duty confided to him^ 
we find him ever prompt and decisive — blending industry with 
integrity, intelligence, and courtesy. • 

This toast was received with all the enthusiasm anticipated 
by the President. After nine hearty cheers, Mr. Swartwout 
rose amid the warmest greetings of the company, and replied 
in the following terms. 

Mr. President. — I beg you, and this most respectable com- 
pany, to accept my warmest thanks for the very flattering and 
gratifying notice you have been pleased to take of my conduct 
on the occasion of the late celebration. 

That celebration, sir, was a splendid and most honourable 



140 CELEBRATION OP THE 

display of the public sentiment in our city. The people of 
New- York, who have so long enjoyed the blessings of civil 
and religious liberty, could not but feel their sympathies ex- 
cited in the cause of France, our friend and ancient ally ; they 
rejoiced in her freedom, and gloried in her triumphs. They 
beheld with amazement a mighty empire revolutionized, re- 
generated, and disenthralled, in three days ; and thirty millions 
of people receiving their impulse, their liberty, and their laws 
from a single city. They could not but be proud of the influence 
of their own example, and they were grateful to Heaven for it. 

In order to give to France the most public and heartfelt tes- 
timony of our admiration of her conduct, the people of New- 
York poured out, in a blaze of civic glory, the warmest emo- 
tions of their hearts. They devoted days and nights to the 
celebration of her principles and her triumphs. They deco- 
rated themselves with the emblems of her national faith, and 
re-echoed her national hymns. Our whole population united 
in oneVoice, and were marshalled under one banner. It was the 
most impressive scene ever before witnessed among us, and 
the mode adopted the only one, perhaps, that could have been 
selected to give full effect to the scene, in a community com- 
posed of so many different interests, associations, and occupa- 
tions. 

So cordial was the feeling, so unanimous the sentiment, and 
so splendid the pageant, that it may be fairly questioned whe- 
ther Paris herself, the mistress of the continent, and the seat 
of the wonders which we have just been celebrating, with all 
her wealth and numbers, could have produced a more imposing 
spectacle, or one surpassing in splendour and effect, that 
beautiful offering on the Altar of Liberty. It was worthy 
of our fellow-citizens and of the cause they celebrated. 

Mr. President, the station assigned to us on that day, and 
the share we were permitted to take in the exhibition, were, 
in the highest degree, honourable and gratifying, and should 
be long held in remembrance by us. — We will send back to 
the land of Lafayette the sympathy so nobly and so generously 
extended to us in the day of our own trials ; and the people 
of France will soon learn, that we have honoured their cause 
and venerate their principles. 

Frenchmen, receive from us this tribute to your patriotism, 
your valour, and your moderation. Carry with you while you 
live, and wherever you go, the remembrance of that day ; may 
it have a place in your recollections and affections, next only 
to that which marked the political regeneration of your own 
native land! 



RETOLUTION IN FKANCE, 1830. 141 

Before I sit down, Mr. President, permit me to give you as 
a sentiment — 

Patriotism, friendship, and gratitude, the triune banner of 
the heart. 

4. France — our ancient Ally — our early and tried friend i 
'* We, the People of the United States," rejoice in every tri- 
umph which secures Freedom to her Government and happi- 
ness to her-people. Nine cheers. Song — Marseilles Hymn. 

6. Our fellow-citizen, Gen. Lafayette — the friend of Liberty 
and personal rights — the friend of justice and moderation. — 
May the setting sun of his life be as glorious as its dawn was 
brilliant and its meridian splendid. Nine cheers. 

6. The memory of Washington, and of his fellow-soldiers 
of the Revolutionary War. — Their example continuing to live 
wherever freedom is triumphant. Drank standing, and in 
silence. 

7. Agriculture, Commerce, and Manufactures. — The three 
great Pillars of the Republic, whose united force even Sam- 
son himself could not shake. 

8. The various Mechanic and other Societies which cor« 
dially united in celebrating the recent Revolution in France — 
Their splendid appearance and good conduct render them the 
pride, as they are the bulwark, of our yeomanry. 

9. Education. — The main-spring of the whole system of 
government, moral and political. — May it bestride the universe, 
the real Colossus of light and liberty. 

10. The Mihtia of the United States— the National Guards 
of our country — The best protectors of laws which they them- 
selves assist in creating. Three cheers. 

In reply to this toast, Major-General Morton, the senior offi- 
cer of the Militia in the United States, made a few pertinent 
remarks, and proposed the following : 

The Militia, of France, the National Guards — In conduct 
brave, in victory humane. 

11. The State of New- York, and its favourite daughter, 
our fair city — May she ever bestow her smiles on the enter- 
prising, her hospitality to the deserving, and her hand to the 
brave and patriotic. 

12. Paris — the emporium of taste and lalent, of beauty and 
bravery. — The mistress of Europe in all that embrace the cir- 
cle of arts, science, and fashion. Six cheers. 

13. The Fair — The pure red and ivMte, which he, w^ho 
made the rainbow mingles on their cheeks, and the ethereal 
Uue of their mild and radiant eyes, exhibit charms only ex- 



142 CELEBRATION OF THE 

celled by their virtue, and the constancy of their affection. 
Nine cheers. 

VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 

By Silas E. Burrows, Esq. President. — The memory of De 
Witt Clinton. (Drank standingj in silence.) 

By Daniel Jackson, First Vice-President. — Our associate 
Aids, natives of France, who participated in the late celebra- 
tion. Their gallant appearance on the 26th called to mind 
the days of chivalry, in which their countrymen were as dis- 
tinguished in feats of arms, as were their glorious contempo- 
rary patriots of the 27th, 28th, and 29th July last. 

In reply to the preceding toast, Mr. Marius Panon arose, 
and spoke as follows : — Gentlemen, I rise to return, in the 
name of my comrades, their heartfelt thanks for the flattering 
compliment just paid them by our courteous First Vice Pre- 
sident; and on their behalf I propose — Our associate Aids, 
natives of that happy land where liberty first breathed, liberty 
dwells, and, I most sincerely hope, liberty shall never die. 

By Charles A. Clinton, Esq., Second Vice-President.— The 
Merchants of the city of New-York ; distinguished for their 
enterprise, intelligence, and public spirit. 

This toast was replied to by Alderman Strong, who pro- 
posed the following : — The Members of the Bar of the city of 
New- York. 

The toast which follows was intended to be given by the 
Chair, but out pf respect to a sister State — ^that State which 
had the honour of giving birth to the distinguished individual 
who is the subject of the sentiment" — the pleasing task or pro- 
posing it was allotted to a gentleman who is also a native of 
Virginia. 

By E. M. Greenway.^ — Our invited, but absent guest, James 
Monroe, Ex-President of the United States. His devotion to 
his country— -his honesty, integrity, and patriotism, can never 
be forgotten by his grateful countrymen. 

After the acclamations with which the preceding toast was 
received had subsided, Mr. Samuel L. Gouverneur, the son- 
in-law of Mr. Monroe, arose to reply in his behalf, and to 
convey to the assemblage the sentiments of that venerable ci- 
tizen, and his acknowledgments for the many tokens of re- 
spect he had received from this community, during his brief 
residence. The remarks of Mr. Gouverneur were exceedingly 
happy, and afforded a beautiful specimen of the highest order 



REVOLrXION IN FRANCE, 1830. 143 

of eloquence. They were the ardent outpourings of a warm 
and generous mind, and conveyed the sentiments of a feeling 
heart, with a felicity of language, and a force of expression, 
that ^uch an occasion only could inspire. In conclusion, Mr. 
Gouverneur, with peculiar delicacy, transferred the honour 
which the company had rendered to Mr. Monroe, from that 
gentleman to the State of Virginia ; expressing it as his opi- 
nion, that the many gratifying tokens of their respect which 
this community had conferred upon one of her favourite sons, 
were intended as compliments to a sister State. Mr. Gou- 
verneur also alluded very happily to the fact, that the toast had 
been offered by a native Virginian, and closed his remarks by 
offering the following : 

The State of Virginia — In doing honour to one of her dis- 
tinguished sons, we do honour to her. 

The warmth of expression, and the enthusiastic applause 
with which the succeeding toast was received, was a sufficient 
evidence of the correct estimation it gives of the feelings enter- 
tained by this community for an illustrious individual, who was 
among the earliest supporters of his country's rights, in the 
dark period of the Revolution ; and who, under the happy 
Government which he assisted in creating, has been called 
upon to fill successively the highest offices in the gift of the 
people of the Kepublic. \ 

By Prosper M. Wetmore. — James Monroe — A living evi- 
dence of the injustice of a government, and of the gratitude 
of a people. 

In reply to the preceding toasts in honour of the Ex-Presi- 
dent, speeches, characterized by great warmth of feeling, de- 
voted attachment, and the true spirit of eloquence, were elicited 
from Mr. Burrows, the President of the day, Mr. Swartwout, 
the principal guest, and Mr. John I. Mumford. The following 
toast was introduced with appropriate remarks by its author. 

By Philip Hone. — The school of patriotism, in which 
Washington was the preceptor, and Lafayette the pupil — well 
have the precepts of the one been obeyed, and nobly has his 
example been followed by the other. 

By Wm. M. Price. — The French people — The first and best 
friends of our Republic. 

By C. D. Golden.— The March of Intellect, guided by the 
press — May it lead to national liberty and the happiness of all 
nations. 

By Colonel Murray. — Our adopted French brethren — Their 
exemplary conduct as American citizens, the highest eulogium 
L on the land of their nativity. 



144 CELEBRATION OF THE 

By Gen. Cooper. — The people of Paris—An example to this 
world, and to all revolutionists, of courage and moderation. 

By Mons. St. Andre, Consul General of France— -Aux ha- 
bitants de New- York qui viennent de donner un temoignage si 
touchant d'interet pour le people Fran9ais — Les iliens d'an- 
cienne amitie unissent les Etats Unis a La France ne peuvent 
que se fortifier sous les auspices d'un gouvernment ami detoute 
la liberte. 

By Joseph Bouchaud.— The American nation^ free, power- 
ful, and happy. She has proved to the world that liberty, when 
supported by wisdom, is imperishable. 

By C. Calemard. — The recognition by France of the young 
Republics of South America and Mexico- — May they imitate 
the noble example of their elder Sister, the Republic of the 
United States. 

By Col. T. Morris.^ — General Bernard, formerly a scientific 
and distinguished Ofiicer in the Republican and Imperial ar- 
mies of France, and now devoting his unrivalled talents as a 
General of Engineers in the fortification of our coast. 

By M. M. Noah.— The Press of France— Not to be pros- 
trated by Ministerial Decrees, nor intimidated by the cannon 
of hired soldier^. 

By Marius Panon.— The Union of our Banners ; it secured 
the freedom of America, and now affords the world an exem- 
plary lesson of reciprocal gratitude — May it teach all nations 
how to win and appreciate Liberty. 

By F. G. Halieck. — A nation's love of National Glory — 
It has made France what she is— a glorious land. 

By James Lawson.— T. Rouget de Lisle, author of Le Mar- 
sellois — The Poet's pen has been as instrumental in awaken- 
ing a nation to a consciousness of its wrongs, as the Patriot's 
sword has been keen to avenge them. 

By Girault Du Vivier.— The Citizen Soldiers— The Militia 
of the United States ; tlie National Guards of France — Real 
bulwarks of the country, in arms without danger to its indepen- 
dence. 

By Dr. J. Dekay. — France — May her National Bird always 
be Cock of the Walk among the nations of Europe. 

By John I. Mumford. — Public Sentiment — The parent of a 
free Press, which like the fabled Antoesus in his combat with 
Hercules, received new strength at every fall in the contest for 
Liberty. 

By George D. Strong. — The Students of the Polytechnic 
School — ^Their subtraction from the forces of the foes of Free- 



:aEVO!HJTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 145 

dom; theiT addition to the killed, wounded, and missing of a 
venal soldiery ; and their multiplication of adherents to the 
cause of civil and religious Liberty ; have evinced that their 
education in the arithmetic of Liberty is complete. 

By Mr. Gravillon. July, 1776, and July, 1830— Two great 
epochs, which, like beacons, will indicate to the nations of the 
new and of the old world the way to the port of Liberty. 

By D. C. Golden, The Press— Maf it never be oppressed 
or depressed. 

By Henry Ogden. The Song of Freedom— Awakened July 
4th, 1776 — Its Carrol yet exists. 

By M. M. Quackenboss. Samuel Swartwout, Esq.— The 
efficient soldier and patriotic citizen. 

By Mr. Magennis, of Missouri. The Union, the whole 
Union, and nothing but the Union. 

By Robert Lawrence. Our Country— Courteous in peace, 
undaunted in war. 

By a Guest. The Hon, Cadwallader D. Colden — Like his 
great compeer, our late lamented Chief aad Governor, De 
Witt Clinton, by untiring assiduity, the jfirst to introduce the 
inclined plane to successful operation. 

By Amos Palmer. The Olive of France, the Oak of Eng- 
land, and the Hickory of America — united, they defy enemies 
abroad, and despots at home. 

By J. F. N. Vouthier. The young Citizens of France — 
f;trong in hand and firm in heart : if ever the American cause 
should require foreign assistance, she will find that the present 
youth of France will rouse in its behalf, with that j^alour and 
energy which characterized their forefathers. 

By B. J. Messerole. The Lamp of Liberty, that first shone 
in the United States of America, and now shines in France — 
may it be a light to all nations that are in darkness. 

By J. L. Joseph. The bright rainbow of Freedom, spread- 
ing its broad arch from America to the French hemisphere, 
will illuminate the world with the light of liberty, intelligence, 
and happiness. 

By Li Dupeyre. Our fellow-aids of the late celebration — 
we have shared with them the honours of the parade, we should 
be proad to share with them the perils of the battle-field. 

By P. Thomas. Charles Carrol, of Carrolton — the only 
surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence. 

By Major Rossel, of New- Jersey. New- York — the enter- 
prise of her citizens equalled only by their hospitality. 

13 



146 CELEBRATION OF THE 

By L. Peugnet. The United States — the cradle of liberty 
— the asylum of the unfortunate. 

By Robert Emmet. The Castle of Olmutz — The crucible 
in which a patriot's constancy was tried, and out of which it 
came like thrice-refined gold. 

By a French Guest. The Gallic Cock, and the American 
Eagle — Two birds of the same feather. 

By A. Le Moyne. The Pupils of West Point — who, in the 
hour of. danger, would, like the immortal Pupils of the Poly- 
technic School, fight and conquer, or die for their country. 

By W. Seaman. The Marshal-in-Chief — *^ In peace, the 
gentle gale of spring ; in war, the mountain storm." 

By Mr. Harvey. The race of Freedom in Europe — " The 
Devil take the hindmost." 

By S. M. Stilwell. The Constitution of the United States 
— The pearl of great price. 

By B. De la Pierre, in manners, in sentiments, in love of 
liberty, in all that is noble and generous, may Frenchmen and 
Americans be ever united. 

By John Ditchett. The Tree of Liberty, a native American 
—May its roots spread to all nations, and its fruit be wisdom, 
peace, and love. 

By Isaac S. Hone (after the President had retired). The 
President of the day, Silas E. Burrows — a generous and ardent 
man, whom we all respect and esteem. 

Toasts complimentary to each of the Vice-Presidents were 
drank on those gentlemen leaving their seats. 

The hilarity of the evening was increased by numerous 
songs and recitations, and the company retired at a seasonable 
hour, delighted with the conviviality they had enjoyed, and 
with sentiments of increased attachment for the individual out 
of respect to whom they had assembled. 



The five Veteran Soldiers of ^* 1776," invited by the Com* 
mittee of Arrangements to participate in the celebration of the 
day, and who were conspicuous in the procession. 

Enoch Crosby is the original Harvey Birch, of Cooper^s 
excellent novel of the '' Spy," and the individual whose me- 
moirs have been so faithfully written by H. L, Barnum^ in a 
work entitled the " Spy Unmasked.^ ^ The celebrity of these 
works, the one of truth, and the other of fiction, will supersede 
the necessity of a detailed account of this fearless and patriotic 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830, 147 

man, whose services during the war of the Revolution give 
him a claim of gratitude upon his country, and of unbounded 
admiration and respect upon his fellow-citizens. Mr. Crosby 
was born in Harwich, Massachusetts, on the 4th of January, 
1750 ; but removed with his parents to Dutchess County in this 
State, when he was but three years of age. He received a 
plain education, and from reverses in the affairs of his parents, 
he left their roof when sixteen years of age, the director of his 
own fortunes. He apprenticed himself to a shoemaker, and 
served his time until he reached his twenty-first year ; and if 
Roger Sherman^ the shoemaker, the signer of the Declaration 
of Independence, the enlightened statesman, and honest man, 
could, in his elevated sphere of action, say, " I have done the 
State some service, and they know it ;" so, without arrogating 
to himself, may the humble subject of our remarks have also 
exclaimed ; and should any skeptic doubt and be slow to be- 
lieve, he could tell o'er his tale again, speak of '^ hair-breadth 
'scapes," and appeal to the shade of the immaculate John Jay, 
to sustain him in his assertion. 

On the 19th April, 1775, immediately after the massacre at 
Lexington, he joined the company of Capt. Benedict, in Dan- 
bury, Connecticut, where he then resided. After a service of 
six months he left the army, and rejoined it in 1776 ; and in the 
month of September in the same year, he became the " Spy" 
on the " neutral ground ;" an office which he undertook at the 
earnest of the Committee of Safety assembled at <* White 
PlainSj^^ and for which his address, coolness, and sagacity 
admirably qualified him. He resumed his trade, as a cover to 
the perilous and by no means honourable character in which he 
was to appear : having furnished himself with a pedler's pack, 
which he filled with the implements of his trade, Mr. Crosby 
set out on his hazardous adventures. With promptitude he 
entered upon the duties that devolved upon him, and with an 
adroitness that belongs to but few, he quickly became possessed 
of the secrets of the enemy — communicated the most correct, 
satisfactory, and valuable information, at the imminent risk 
of life, and endured sufferings, privations, and temporary igno- 
miny that few would be able to bear, and none would be willing 
to undergo. After a series of adventures almost bordering on 
romance, Mr. Crosby was, as a measure of personal safety, 
induced to abandon the pursuit of a Spy^ and he was appointed 
to a suboi'dinate command in the troops under the command 
of General Lafayette, where he distinguished himself in several 
engagements. He continued in the army until 1783, and 



148 CELEBRATION OF THE 

served wherever duty called him. He retired to SoutheasC^, 
where he still lives, cultivating a small farm, and enjoying the 
society of his affectionate children. For twenty-eight year^ 
he has been a Justice of the Peace, and for the last twenty 
years a Deacon of the Presbyterian Church. His form is still 
erect and athletic ; evincing a green old age, and a constitution 
unimpaired by the hardships he has encountered. 

Anthony Gleen.— The tide of feeling is so strong in favour 
of the French, that a double relish is given to all incidents of our 
Revolution, particularly when related by the active survivors of 
those " days which tried men's souls ;" and having enjoyed the 
pleasing sensations which the recital of the events of those days 
afford, in the company of the venerable Anthony Gleen, Esq., 
of Saratoga county, whose recollection and mental faculties are 
still remarkably clear, I now present you with a brief account 
(^ this old gentleman's revolutionary career, which I have 
drawn from conversations with him ; but it can give you only 
an idea of the sel'viees of this respectable and good man, who 
is an old resident farmer near Saratoga Springs, and who has. 
never received but ^60 old continental money for seven 
years' service in the Navy of the United States. 

Previous to the Revolution, he had made several voyages to 
Europe and the West Indies, and had accumulated a handsome 
property, and was a thorough seaman. In 1775, he was in this 
city with his vessel, when he volunteered in a company of 
masters of vessels and seamen, under Captain Malcolm. On 
the approach of the English fleet to this city, after the landing 
of Lord Howe on Long Island, he fired the first gun from the 
Battery, which took effect in the hull of the British 20 gun 
sloop of war Rose. On the American army leaving this city, 
and while the enemy's fleet lay at anchor off the Battery, he 
succeeded in getting his vessel, called the Fortune, at dead of 
night, loaded with provisions and military stores for the Ame- 
rican army, from the Ea:st river, around the Battery, into the 
North river, and landed them at Fort Washington. General 
Washington then furnished him with a Serjeant's guard of 
twelve men, with which he returned to this city and took 57 dis- 
abled and wounded men from fhe Hospital, with some military 
stores, and landed them safe at Dobb's Ferry, and the stores at 
Fort Constitution ; after which, his vessel was taken into the 
U. S. service, as a transport, and in 1776 he was ordered fa 
take charge of the United States' frigate Montgomery, as sail- 
ing-master, under Captain John Hodge— the launching of 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 149 

which frigate, at Poughkeepsie, he superintended. He re- 
mained on board this frigate about eight months, when he was 
transferred to the Lady Washington, Captain Lewis. 

He was in the bloody battle at Fort Montgomery, when it 
was taken by Sir Henry Clinton, After which, he was pro- 
moted to the office of First Lieutenant, an-d was in the battle 
of Esopus. In this battle he elevated and fired a 32 pounder 
twenty-eight times himself at the enemy, and had the mortifi- 
cation of seeing his own vessel, the Fortune, burnt by the Bri- 
tish ; for which loss he never received a farthing fromjiis country* 
He was in the battle at Stony Point, and held his commis- 
sion, both a^ Sailing-master and First Lieutenant of the Lady 
Washington, till 1779. 

In the spring of 1780, he was ordered with Captain Lewis to 
take command at Verplanck Point, and there he witnessed and 
encountered many and various important scenes, of which that 
vicinity was the theatre. He remained at this post till the end 
of the war ; and in 1783 was invited by General Washington, 
with other of the heroic officers who had served their country 
during the Revolution, to march with him into this city, on the 
25th of November of that year. Accordingly, Lieut. Anthony 
Gleen, with about thirty others, joined him on that day near 
Fort Washington, and marched with the main army into the 
city, filing and occupying the different posts that the British 
evacuated. Gen. Washington halted the army near the old 
tea- water pump, when the officers of the Revolution formed into 
aline, and marched through the British army, then in the fields 
(now the Park), Avhich was on the eve of embarking — while 
the American army proceeded down Pearl-street and up Wall- 
street to Trinity Church (then burnt), and there again met 
Jhose officers, and fired a salute of 13 guns. 

Gen. Washington then ordered Com. Thomas GrinnelJ, with 
Gen. Hull's regiment and one company of artillery, to take pos- 
session of the JBattery, hoist the American standard, and fire a 
salute. The Commodore deputed the gallant Lieut. Gleen to 
raise the standard — but the British had unreaved the halliards, 
broke off the stepping cleats, and slushed the flagstaffi This, 
however, was no impediment to him, he soon procured a ready 
and willing sailor, who, by the aid of a ladder, ascended the 
pole and reaved the halliards ; when, by the hands of Lieutenant 
Anthony Gleen, the American standard was first raised, while 
the British were still getting into their boats and evacuating 
this city. 

The standard waving in the air, the artillery again fired a 



150 CELEBRATION OF THE 

salute of 13 guns, which was politely answered from the Ad- 
miral's ship, with 21 guns. 

Com. Grinnell, Lieut. Gleen, and the revolutionary officers 
who had been disbanded, and who had accompanied General 
Washington on this day, then marched to his head-quarters, and 
there remained with him for three days, and then took their 
final leave of each other. — N. Y. Gaz. 

John Van Norsdale. — ^This venerable citizen is promi- 
nently identified with an event peculiarly interesting to the in- 
habitants of New- York. On the 25th November, 1783, to Mr. 
Van Norsdale attaches the act of pulling down the last Bri- 
tish flag that waved in the United States during the Revolu- 
tionary War, and to him also did the pleasing task devolve of 
running the halliards with which Anthony Gleen hoisted the 
American flag. 

David Williams. — The name of this soldier of the Revo- 
lution is familiar to almost every child, who in the history of 
our country recognised in this individual one of the three cap- 
tors of the unfortunate Andre ; one of three soldiers who af- 
forded an evidence that their love of country was above all 
price. 

Alexander Whaley. — One of the earliest in the cause 
of the Revolution, beginning his career with the destroying of 
the ' Tea at Boston,' subsequently serving in the armies of his 
country, and particularly at the capture of Cornwallis. 

The Brothers Peugnet. — It will be recollected that those 
gentlemen were selected by the Committee of Arrangements 
of the resident French in the city of New- York, as Standard 
Bearers in the procession ; the motives that induced the Com- 
mittee to appoint them will be properly appreciated by the 
following sketch, taken from the '^ New- York Evening 
Journal." 

Mr. L. Peugnet v^as an officer of the old Imperial army, and 
was severely wounded at the battle of Waterloo. The plan that 
was arranged to ovenhrow the ^' Bourbon'^ dynasty in 1822, was 
warmly espoused by him ; and when betrayed by some of his com- 
panions, he escaped by fighting single-handed a detachment of 
troops, headed by the Governor of Belfort, whom he shot in the 
rencounter. The account of his escape fs-om the gens-d'armes 
when they entered the farm house where he was secreted, a»d 



REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1830. 151 

when his safety depended upon the fidelity of two children, is 
thrilling ; and the subsequent history of his journeys through 
France to his father's house, and his privations and sufferings 
after his arrival in this country, is a narrative of a most singular 
and interesting character. While on his way to America he 
was tried and condemned to death — he was executed in effigy, 
Mr. H. Peugnet, his brother, also an officer of the old Impe- 
rial army, was arrested at Strasburg, as connected in the 
revolution there ; having been tried by a military tribunal, and 
after suffering long and severe confinement in several dun- 
geons, he was acquitted for want of proof. Being discharged, 
he followed his brother Louis into the woods of Canada, where 
for some time they worked and fared hard, but to little profit. 
They arrived in New- York in 1825, with impaired health and 
limited means, and by their abilities and industry secured 
friends and a competence. Being known by Lafayette^ on 
his arrival in this country, he introduced them to the acquaint- 
ance of his friends ; since which they have been engaged in con- 
ducting one of the best schools in the vicinity of this city. 
Such is a brief sketch of the history of the Brothers Peugnet, 
who were appointed by the French citizens of this city to bear 
the Tri-coloured Flag on the 25th. 

J. F. N. VouTHiER. — This gentleman was attached to the 
suite of the Marshal-in-Chief — the following sketch will show 
how worthy he was of the distinction extended to him on this 
^particular occasion. 

Mr. Vouthier is a merchant of this city, and was at Paris 
during the '' trois jours^^^ — he was on the Exchange on the 
27th July, when the people, led by the Printers, surrounded the 
Bourse; a gun was put into his hands, amid the cries of ^' Vive 
la liberteP^ '^ a has les Bourbons, ^^ He instantly embraced 
the cause — was elected by a band of volunteers their leader or 
captain — fought during the three days as should become a man, 
and was the fifth citizen who entered the Tuileries, when it 
was carried by the brave Parisians under the tri-coloured flag. 
When the drums beat a second time a call on the Parisians, to 
march on Rambouillet, where 15,000 soldiers still upheld 
Charles the Tenth ; he was among the first at the rendezvous 
of Gen. Pajol and George Lafayette. The gun used by Mr, 
Vouthier during the combats, he brought with him to New- 
York, to use his own words — not as a trophy but as a memento. 




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